Autogenous biological restoration: clinical and social importance

The Biological Restoration technique aims to use a dental fragment as the main restorative material for the reconstruction of a fractured tooth or with an extensive carious process, which may be autogenous or homogeneous. The objective of this study is to present, through a clinical case, an autogenous biological restoration with 2-year clinical and radiographic monitoring, as an alternative method of restoring teeth with destroyed clinical crown in a 27-year-old male patient. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (Number: 4.236.211). On clinical examination, it was found that tooth 16 had a temporary restoration in glass ionomer cement covering an extensive area involving the mesiopalatal cusp and the mesial crest. It was also noted that the patient had a healthy tooth 18 with no chewing function. Thus, it was proposed to make the autogenous biological restoration using tooth 18 extracted from the patient himself. Finally, after 2 years of follow-up, the restoration has good clinical applicability, showing the viability of the technique.

The Effectiveness of the Use of Toothpaste with Anti-carious Effect

The prevalence of caries and its complications prioritizes the development of prevention and treatment of the early stages of the disease. The main direction of the prevention of carious process is remineralization. The DIAGNOdent pen was used to study the remineralizing ability of toothpastes from one manufacturer. The patients were randomly divided into two groups – study and control, 50 people in each group. Patients of the main group used toothpaste № 1 with a fluoride ion content of 1475 ppm. The participants in the control group used paste № 2 with a fluoride ion content of 1176 ppm. In the main group (paste No. 1) after 6 months, the reduction of caries was 30.6% (49), after 1 year – 46.0% (74) (p< 0.05). In the control group (paste No. 2) after 6 months, the reduction of caries was 9.9% (14), after 1 year – 25.4% (36) (p< 0.05).

A Comprehensive Approach To The Prevention Of Caries Of Permanent Teeth In Children

In the article Non-drug care is aimed at ensuring adequate oral hygiene in order to prevent the development and progression of the carious process, it includes three main components: oral hygiene training, controlled dental cleaning and professional oral and dental hygiene.

Mineralizing potential of mixed saliva and the course of dental caries in children and adolescents with endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders

The features of microcrystallization and the mineralizing potential of mixed saliva, the intensity of caries in children and adolescents with endocrine pathology and pathology of the musculoskeletal system at the age of 9–10, 12–13 and 16–17 years have been studied, the relationship between the intensity of dental caries and the mineralizing potential of saliva has been revealed. The study of saliva in patients with endocrine pathology showed a low saliva mineralizing potential, crystals of type II and III were found, with a predominance of type III. The lowest mineralizing potential of saliva is observed at the age of 12–13 years. The carious process progresses with age and the subcompensated degree of activity prevails. The study of mixed saliva in patients with pathology of the musculoskeletal system showed a low mineralizing potential, crystals of types II and III were encountered, with a predominance of type III. The lowest mineralizing potential of saliva is observed at the age of 12–13 years. The carious process stabilizes over time and compensated degrees of activity prevail. The examinees with endocrine and musculoskeletal pathologies have reduced salivary mineralizing potential, high rates of intensity and degree of caries activity. In patients with endocrine pathology, indicators are worse than in patients with musculoskeletal pathology. The age of 12–13 is critical.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING DENTAL HEALTH IN HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS

The aim of the study was to study the dental health of university students in Samarkand and assess the impact of organizational, medical and social risk factors on it. A comprehensive examination of the dental health of students in the city of Samarkand was carried out. The research took place between Institutions of Higher Education. The total number of students is 574. The following universities participated: Samarkand Medical Institute and Samarkand State University among which there were 193 students of the 1st year, 175 students of the 2nd year, 206 students of the 3rd year, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was revealed, which was 91.87 ± 1.30%. ... The intensity of the carious process was 5.31 ± 0.14 teeth at 8.34 ± 0.26 of the surface, signs of periodontal tissue diseases were revealed with an intensity of 3.88 ± 0.06 segment. 53.05 ± 2.37% of students had dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities,

O Uso do Diamino Fluoreto de Prata na Prevenção e Paralisação da Cárie Radicular: uma Abordagem não Invasiva e Eficiente no controle da Doença em Idosos

A cárie dentária é o processo patológico bucal mais prevalente em todo o mundo, acometendo todas as idades, inclusive a população idosa com um risco aumentado para as lesões nas superfícies radiculares. O desenvolvimento da cárie radicular é o resultado de repetidos ciclos de desmineralização associado à degradação da matriz orgânica da dentina. Com a progressão da lesão, a matriz orgânica da dentina é invadida por toxinas bacterianas e algumas proteases intrínsecas conhecidas como metaloproteinases e catepsinas. Quando há a perda mineral no desafio cariogênico, colágeno é parcialmente exposto, onde as metaloproteinases e catepsinas podem atuar na degradação das moléculas da matriz extracelular. Este estudo trata-se de uma de uma revisão da literatura, na qual foram incluídos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2010 a 2020 disponíveis nas bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medline e Pubmed, sendo a amostra final composta por 28 estudos. Esta revisão de literatura objetiva mostrar as abordagens não invasivas para o controle da doença, atuando diretamente na área comprometida, promovendo a prevenção e paralisação da progressão do processo carioso. Os estudos mostram que o diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) é um agente fluoretado, seguro e não oneroso, que vem se mostrando efetivo no controle da cárie radicular em idosos, com melhor custo-benefício. Sua ação efetiva em dentina é baseada na remineralização da fase inorgânica e diminuição da degradação da fase orgânica, com recuperação de toda a complexidade estrutural dentinária. Efeitos adversos relatados do DFP estão relacionados principalmente ao escurecimento da superfície após a sua aplicação. Palavras-chave: Saúde Bucal. Cariostáticos. Cárie Radicular. Abstract The dental caries is the most prevalent oral pathological process in the world, affecting all ages, including elderly with a high risk of root caries lesions. The root caries development is a result of several demineralization cycles associated to dentin organic matrix degradation. There is a bacterial toxins and intrinsic proteases (metalloproteases and cathepsins) invasion during the lesion progression. With the mineral lost in the cariogenic challenge, collagen is partially exposed, and the metalloproteases and cathepsins would act in the extracellular matrix degradation. In this review study, there were included published articles between 2010 until 2020, available in the databases: Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medline and Pubmed, including 28 studies in the final sample. This literature review aims to show the noninvasive approaches to disease control, acting directly in the injured area, promoting prevention and arrestment of carious process. The silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a fluoride agent, safe and inexpensive, that have been showing effective root caries control in elderly, with the best cost benefit. Its effective action in dentin bases in inorganic remineralization associated to organic degradation decreased, recovering the complex dentin structure. Related adverse effects are mainly the surface staining after its application. Keywords: Oral Health. Cariostatic Agents. Root Caries.

Fracture resistance of mollars with MOD cavities restored with different materials

Restoring teeth with second class cavities is a challenge in dentistry. Both the carious process and the preparation of the cavity for the dental restoration reduces the tooth resistance to the masticatory forces. It has been shown that modern aesthetic materials using an adhesive system improve the stress resistance of the restored teeth. There is a series of studies that attempted to determine the type of optimal material that would provide increased resistance to occlusal demands. In the present study we tried to determine the fracture resistance of molars with second class cavities restored with different categories of aesthetic materials. Thus, forty intact molars were divided into five groups of 8 teeth, MOD cavities were prepared and the teeth were restored with three types of materials: nanofilled composite, mycrohibrid composite and ormocer. The teeth of the first group were left unprepared, and those belonging to the second group were subjected to the preparation of MOD cavities but were not filled. Samples were subjected to compression using an Universal Loading Machine (Lloyd Instruments) and the value of the force they failed was recorded. Intact teeth showed the highest resistance to compression and those with MOD cavities prepared but not filled showed the smallest. Of the groups that benefited from restoration with filling material, the teeth restored with ormocer had the highest resistance, followed by those restored with nanofilled composite, and finally by those restored with mycrohibrid composite.

Evaluation of dental status and effectiveness of treatment among children and adolescents in the reference groups aged 6, 12, and 18 years from Skierniewice and its region in 2017-2020

INTRODUCTION. Dental caries is a transmissible chronic disease of dental hard tissues. To monitor the course of carious process, age reference groups were designated which are subject to regular dental check-ups. The groups include children aged 6, 12, and 18 years as well as adults at the age of 35-44 and 55-64 years. AIM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the state of dentition and effectiveness of treatment among children and adolescents in the reference groups aged 6, 12, and 18 years from the town of Skierniewice and its region in the years 2017-2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study included 385 children and adolescents from the reference groups. Dental examination was carried out in the dental office of the Ogrodowa Medical Centre in Skierniewice. Dental caries intensity expressed by the the DMFT index, and its particular components, D, M, and F (D– the mean number of teeth with caries (decayed), M– teeth extracted (missing), and F– filled) as well as the dental caries treatment index DTI (F/(D+F)) were determined according to sex. RESULTS. Distribution of the DMFT index components was very similar in children aged 6 years and in 18-year-old adolescents. The D component constituted half the DMF index (50.7% in 6-year-olds and 52.4% in 18-year-olds), the M component values were lowest (16.1% and 12.3%, respectively) while the F component accounted for slightly more than 1/3 of the whole value (33.2% and 35.3%, respectively). In 12-year-olds, the D component value was 68.4% of the DMF index, the M component accounted for only a few percent (4.5%) and the F component was 27.1%. The DTI value was 0.40 for 6-year-olds and 18-year-olds and appeared to be significantly higher than in the group of 12-year-olds (0.3). CONCLUSIONS. There is an urgent need for monitoring the dental status, professional caries prevention, and conservative treatment of teeth in children and adolescents of the Skierniewice region.

Influence of environmental factors оn children’s dental health

Resume. Many studies have identified the negative impact of adverse environmental factors on public health. We studied the influence of chemical production factors on the dental health of children in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The aim of our work was to study the correlation between dental morbidity of the population of Ivano-Frankivsk region and the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods of research. In order to study the prevalence of dental diseases, we examined more than 4.9 thousand people of all ages living in the Carpathians (Ivano-Frankivsk region), in particular in Kalush and Kalush district, which meet the criteria of «environmental emergency» examined 824 children school age. The research has been conducted for more than 10 years, the research work is funded by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Results and discussion. As a result of the examination it was found that the prevalence of dental diseases is 82.2–94.3 %. Periodontal tissue disease was diagnosed in 35.3–78.3 % of children and adolescents, there is a significant amount of orthodontic pathology (31.4–43.7 %). In children, the transient course of caries prevailed, often – multiple caries. Examination of children of different ages in many of them (63.7 % of all children diagnosed with caries) showed a tendency to an acute carious process. Cheilitis (angular, exfoliative), glossitis (most often – desquamative glossitis) were found in 24.3 % of schoolchildren. There was a combination of several types of pathology. Conclusion. As a result of the study, a correlation was established between the level of dental morbidity of the population and environmental factors, which requires the development of regionally targeted prevention programs.

Morphological condition of the pulp of intact and affected by caries third molars

To date, there is a theory that increased resistance to caries is observed in the teeth, which for any reason underwent destructive changes in the pulp. That is why there is a need to study the impact of pulp vitality on the development of the carious process. The aim of the research was to study the microscopic structure of epoxy sections of intact and carious third molars. We studied 4 intact and 6 carious third molars. For this purpose, specimens were made taking into account the free penetration of the fixative solution into the pulp. To this end, immediately after the tooth was removed, we cut off its roots almost near the crown, preserving the integrity of the latter. The method relied on the impregnation of specimens with epoxy resin, according to the method of epoxy plastination of tooth specimens, developed at the Department of Human Anatomy of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. The epoxy blocks were cut with a disk into two halves until the hard tissues of the tooth crown were exposed together with the pulp. We found that the hard tissues (dentin and enamel coating) of intact third molars did not have any structural defects. However, their pulp chamber contained mainly an amorphous substance, devoid of any typical pulp tissue structures. That is, the pulp was in a state of complete devolution. Quite the opposite presentation was observed in specimens of carious teeth. We found that their pulp chamber contained quite noticeable tissue structures typical of the dental pulp. It is interesting that in the subodontoblastic layer, in front of the carious alteration of the enamel, there was compaction of the pulp, which may be due to infiltration of perivascular connective tissue by immunocompetent cells. It was found that on the border with carious destruction of enamel, there was a compacted spot of altered dentin, whose matrix was intensely pigmented in brown colour, due to the accumulation of melanin on the dentino-enamel junction. Its excessive formation is associated with the destruction of protein-carbohydrate complexes of organic matter in the deep layers of dentin. We found that the pulp compaction and the focus of carious alteration of the enamel are projectively connected by a radial cord of altered dentin, known in the literature as “dead tracts”. Hence, there is reason to believe that the identified changes indicate a latent form of caries, with a pulpogenic mechanism of development. Thus, it can be argued that the teeth, which for any reason underwent degenerative changes in the pulp, are not prone to carious lesions, whereas in carious teeth, the pulp is active and involved in the pathogenesis of the carious process.