Generative Adversarial Networks With Synthetic Training Data for Enforcing Manufacturing Constraints on Topology Optimization

Abstract Topology optimization is a powerful tool to generate mechanical designs that use minimal mass to achieve their function. However, the designs obtained using topology optimization are often not manufacturable using a given manufacturing process. There exist some modifications to the traditional topology optimization algorithm that are able to impose manufacturing constraints for a limited set of manufacturing methods. These approaches have the drawback that they are often based on heuristics to obtain the manufacturability constraint and thus cannot be applied generally to multiple manufacturing methods. In order to create a general approach to imposing manufacturing constraints on topology optimization, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are used. GANs have the capability to produce samples from a distribution defined by training data. In this work, the GAN is trained by generating synthetic 3D voxel training data that represent the distribution of designs that can be created by a particular manufacturing method. Once trained, the GAN forms a mapping from a latent vector space to the space of manufacturable designs. The topology optimization is then performed on the latent vector space ensuring that the design obtained is manufacturable. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by training a GAN on designs intended to be manufacturable on a 3-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling machine.

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Impact on Inference Model Performance for ML Tasks Using Real-Life Training Data and Synthetic Training Data from GANs

Information ◽

10.3390/info13010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ulrike Faltings ◽

Tobias Bettinger ◽

Swen Barth ◽

Michael Schäfer

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Model Performance ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Inference Model ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Computer Vision Applications ◽

Industrial Machine ◽

Synthetic Training Data

Collecting and labeling of good balanced training data are usually very difficult and challenging under real conditions. In addition to classic modeling methods, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) offer a powerful possibility to generate synthetic training data. In this paper, we evaluate the hybrid usage of real-life and generated synthetic training data in different fractions and the effect on model performance. We found that a usage of up to 75% synthetic training data can compensate for both time-consuming and costly manual annotation while the model performance in our Deep Learning (DL) use case stays in the same range compared to a 100% share in hand-annotated real images. Using synthetic training data specifically tailored to induce a balanced dataset, special care can be taken concerning events that happen only on rare occasions and a prompt industrial application of ML models can be executed without too much delay, making these feasible and economically attractive for a wide scope of industrial applications in process and manufacturing industries. Hence, the main outcome of this paper is that our methodology can help to leverage the implementation of many different industrial Machine Learning and Computer Vision applications by making them economically maintainable. It can be concluded that a multitude of industrial ML use cases that require large and balanced training data containing all information that is relevant for the target model can be solved in the future following the findings that are presented in this study.

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Improved SinGAN Integrated with an Attentional Mechanism for Remote Sensing Image Classification

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13091713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1713

Author(s):

Songwei Gu ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Hongxia Luo ◽

Mengyao Li ◽

Huamei Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Real Life ◽

Attention Mechanism ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Natural Image ◽

Remote Sensing Images ◽

Training Time ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Remote Sensing Image Classification

Deep learning is an important research method in the remote sensing field. However, samples of remote sensing images are relatively few in real life, and those with markers are scarce. Many neural networks represented by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can learn from real samples to generate pseudosamples, rather than traditional methods that often require more time and man-power to obtain samples. However, the generated pseudosamples often have poor realism and cannot be reliably used as the basis for various analyses and applications in the field of remote sensing. To address the abovementioned problems, a pseudolabeled sample generation method is proposed in this work and applied to scene classification of remote sensing images. The improved unconditional generative model that can be learned from a single natural image (Improved SinGAN) with an attention mechanism can effectively generate enough pseudolabeled samples from a single remote sensing scene image sample. Pseudosamples generated by the improved SinGAN model have stronger realism and relatively less training time, and the extracted features are easily recognized in the classification network. The improved SinGAN can better identify sub-jects from images with complex ground scenes compared with the original network. This mechanism solves the problem of geographic errors of generated pseudosamples. This study incorporated the generated pseudosamples into training data for the classification experiment. The result showed that the SinGAN model with the integration of the attention mechanism can better guarantee feature extraction of the training data. Thus, the quality of the generated samples is improved and the classification accuracy and stability of the classification network are also enhanced.

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Linear electromagnetic inverse scattering via generative adversarial networks

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078721001331 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Huilin Zhou ◽

Huimin Zheng ◽

Qiegen Liu ◽

Jian Liu ◽

Yuhao Wang

Keyword(s):

Inverse Scattering ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Scattering Problems ◽

Generative Adversarial Network ◽

Adversarial Network ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Highly Nonlinear ◽

Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering

Abstract Electromagnetic inverse-scattering problems (ISPs) are concerned with determining the properties of an unknown object using measured scattered fields. ISPs are often highly nonlinear, causing the problem to be very difficult to address. In addition, the reconstruction images of different optimization methods are distorted which leads to inaccurate reconstruction results. To alleviate these issues, we propose a new linear model solution of generative adversarial network-based (LM-GAN) inspired by generative adversarial networks (GAN). Two sub-networks are trained alternately in the adversarial framework. A linear deep iterative network as a generative network captures the spatial distribution of the data, and a discriminative network estimates the probability of a sample from the training data. Numerical results validate that LM-GAN has admirable fidelity and accuracy when reconstructing complex scatterers.

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Three-Dimensional Liver Image Segmentation Using Generative Adversarial Networks Based on Feature Restoration

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.794969 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Runnan He ◽

Shiqi Xu ◽

Yashu Liu ◽

Qince Li ◽

Yang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Imaging ◽

Random Noise ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Liver Segmentation ◽

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Liver Region

Medical imaging provides a powerful tool for medical diagnosis. In the process of computer-aided diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer based on medical imaging, accurate segmentation of liver region from abdominal CT images is an important step. However, due to defects of liver tissue and limitations of CT imaging procession, the gray level of liver region in CT image is heterogeneous, and the boundary between the liver and those of adjacent tissues and organs is blurred, which makes the liver segmentation an extremely difficult task. In this study, aiming at solving the problem of low segmentation accuracy of the original 3D U-Net network, an improved network based on the three-dimensional (3D) U-Net, is proposed. Moreover, in order to solve the problem of insufficient training data caused by the difficulty of acquiring labeled 3D data, an improved 3D U-Net network is embedded into the framework of generative adversarial networks (GAN), which establishes a semi-supervised 3D liver segmentation optimization algorithm. Finally, considering the problem of poor quality of 3D abdominal fake images generated by utilizing random noise as input, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) based on feature restoration method is designed to generate more realistic fake images. By testing the proposed algorithm on the LiTS-2017 and KiTS19 dataset, experimental results show that the proposed semi-supervised 3D liver segmentation method can greatly improve the segmentation performance of liver, with a Dice score of 0.9424 outperforming other methods.

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Using Vehicle Synthesis Generative Adversarial Networks to Improve Vehicle Detection in Remote Sensing Images

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi8090390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 390 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kun Zheng ◽

Mengfei Wei ◽

Guangmin Sun ◽

Bilal Anas ◽

Yu Li

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Traffic Control ◽

Data Augmentation ◽

Vehicle Detection ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Remote Sensing Images ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Vehicle Data ◽

Augmentation Strategy

Vehicle detection based on very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images is beneficial in many fields such as military surveillance, traffic control, and social/economic studies. However, intricate details about the vehicle and the surrounding background provided by VHR images require sophisticated analysis based on massive data samples, though the number of reliable labeled training data is limited. In practice, data augmentation is often leveraged to solve this conflict. The traditional data augmentation strategy uses a combination of rotation, scaling, and flipping transformations, etc., and has limited capabilities in capturing the essence of feature distribution and proving data diversity. In this study, we propose a learning method named Vehicle Synthesis Generative Adversarial Networks (VS-GANs) to generate annotated vehicles from remote sensing images. The proposed framework has one generator and two discriminators, which try to synthesize realistic vehicles and learn the background context simultaneously. The method can quickly generate high-quality annotated vehicle data samples and greatly helps in the training of vehicle detectors. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can synthesize vehicles and their background images with variations and different levels of details. Compared with traditional data augmentation methods, the proposed method significantly improves the generalization capability of vehicle detectors. Finally, the contribution of VS-GANs to vehicle detection in VHR remote sensing images was proved in experiments conducted on UCAS-AOD and NWPU VHR-10 datasets using up-to-date target detection frameworks.

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Harnessing GANs for Zero-Shot Learning of New Classes in Visual Speech Recognition

Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (03) ◽

pp. 2645-2652 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaman Kumar ◽

Dhruva Sahrawat ◽

Shubham Maheshwari ◽

Debanjan Mahata ◽

Amanda Stent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Classification Problem ◽

Visual Speech ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Visual Speech Recognition ◽

Training Samples ◽

English Training

Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) is the process of recognizing or interpreting speech by watching the lip movements of the speaker. Recent machine learning based approaches model VSR as a classification problem; however, the scarcity of training data leads to error-prone systems with very low accuracies in predicting unseen classes. To solve this problem, we present a novel approach to zero-shot learning by generating new classes using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and show how the addition of unseen class samples increases the accuracy of a VSR system by a significant margin of 27% and allows it to handle speaker-independent out-of-vocabulary phrases. We also show that our models are language agnostic and therefore capable of seamlessly generating, using English training data, videos for a new language (Hindi). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to show empirical evidence of the use of GANs for generating training samples of unseen classes in the domain of VSR, hence facilitating zero-shot learning. We make the added videos for new classes publicly available along with our code1.

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FD-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks with Fusion-Discriminator for Single Image Dehazing

Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6701 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (07) ◽

pp. 10729-10736 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yu Dong ◽

Yihao Liu ◽

He Zhang ◽

Shifeng Chen ◽

Yu Qiao

Keyword(s):

Training Data ◽

Training Dataset ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Single Image ◽

Image Dehazing ◽

Atmospheric Scattering ◽

Color Distortion ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

End To End ◽

Single Image Dehazing

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great improvements in single image dehazing and attained much attention in research. Most existing learning-based dehazing methods are not fully end-to-end, which still follow the traditional dehazing procedure: first estimate the medium transmission and the atmospheric light, then recover the haze-free image based on the atmospheric scattering model. However, in practice, due to lack of priors and constraints, it is hard to precisely estimate these intermediate parameters. Inaccurate estimation further degrades the performance of dehazing, resulting in artifacts, color distortion and insufficient haze removal. To address this, we propose a fully end-to-end Generative Adversarial Networks with Fusion-discriminator (FD-GAN) for image dehazing. With the proposed Fusion-discriminator which takes frequency information as additional priors, our model can generator more natural and realistic dehazed images with less color distortion and fewer artifacts. Moreover, we synthesize a large-scale training dataset including various indoor and outdoor hazy images to boost the performance and we reveal that for learning-based dehazing methods, the performance is strictly influenced by the training data. Experiments have shown that our method reaches state-of-the-art performance on both public synthetic datasets and real-world images with more visually pleasing dehazed results.

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Dynamic scene deblurring and image de-raining based on generative adversarial networks and transfer learning for Internet of vehicle

EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing ◽

10.1186/s13634-021-00829-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bingcai Wei ◽

Liye Zhang ◽

Kangtao Wang ◽

Qun Kong ◽

Zhuang Wang

Keyword(s):

Transfer Learning ◽

High Speed ◽

Image Deblurring ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Dynamic Scene ◽

The Real ◽

Adversarial Networks ◽

Rain Removal ◽

Residual Block

AbstractExtracting traffic information from images plays an increasingly significant role in Internet of vehicle. However, due to the high-speed movement and bumps of the vehicle, the image will be blurred during image acquisition. In addition, in rainy days, as a result of the rain attached to the lens, the target will be blocked by rain, and the image will be distorted. These problems have caused great obstacles for extracting key information from transportation images, which will affect the real-time judgment of vehicle control system on road conditions, and further cause decision-making errors of the system and even have a bearing on traffic accidents. In this paper, we propose a motion-blurred restoration and rain removal algorithm for IoV based on generative adversarial network and transfer learning. Dynamic scene deblurring and image de-raining are both among the challenging classical research directions in low-level vision tasks. For both tasks, firstly, instead of using ReLU in a conventional residual block, we designed a residual block containing three 256-channel convolutional layers, and we used the Leaky-ReLU activation function. Secondly, we used generative adversarial networks for the image deblurring task with our Resblocks, as well as the image de-raining task. Thirdly, experimental results on the synthetic blur dataset GOPRO and the real blur dataset RealBlur confirm the effectiveness of our model for image deblurring. Finally, as an image de-raining task based on transfer learning, we can fine-tune the pre-trained model with less training data and show good results on several datasets used for image rain removal.

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DeepGANnel: Synthesis of fully annotated single molecule patch-clamp data using generative adversarial networks

10.1101/2020.06.25.171918 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Numan Celik ◽

Sam T. M. Ball ◽

Elaheh Sayari ◽

Lina Abdul Kadir ◽

Fiona O’Brien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patch Clamp ◽

Ion Channel ◽

Single Molecule ◽

Present Report ◽

Random Noise ◽

Training Data ◽

Generative Adversarial Networks ◽

Toxicity Screening ◽

Sample Point ◽

Adversarial Networks

AbstractUnderstanding and accurately quantifying ion channel molecule gating in real time is vital for knowledge of cell membrane behaviour, drug discovery and toxicity screening. Doing this with single-molecule resolution first requires the detection of individual protein pore opening and closing transitions and construction of a so-called idealised record which indicates sample-point by samplepoint whether a given molecule is open or closed. Creating this can be difficult, since patch-clamp electrophysiology data can be noisy or contain multiple ion channel molecules. We have recently developed a deep learning model to achieve this called Deep-Channel, but further development is limited by the massive datasets need to train and validate models. In the past, this problem has been tackled by simulation of single molecule activity from Markov models with the addition of pseudo-random noise. In the present report we develop a new method to synthesise raw data, based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). The limitation to direct application of a GAN with this method has been that whilst there are methods to generate classified output image by image, there has been no method to generate an entire timeseries with parallel idealisation, sample-point by sample-point. In this paper, we over-come this problem with DeepGANnel, a model that splits training data raw and parallel idealised data into different rows of image windows and passes these data through a progressive-GAN. This new methodology allows generation of realistic, idealisation synchronised single molecule patch-clamp data, without the biases inherent in pseudorandom simulation methods. This method will be useful for development of single molecule analysis methods and may in the future prove useful for generation of biological models including single molecule resolution stochastic data. The model is easily extendable to other timeseries data requiring parallel labelling, such as labelled ECG.

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