Reliability Assessment of Cu-Al Wb Under High Temperature and High Voltage Bias Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Lall ◽  
Sungmo Jung
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Voltage Bias

Reliability Assessment of Cu-Al WB Under High Temperature and High Voltage Bias Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Lall ◽  
Sungmo Jung
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Voltage Bias ◽  
Wire Bond ◽  
Wire Bonds

Abstract Electronics in automotive underhood environments may be subjected to high temperature in the range of 125–200°C. Transition to electric vehicles has resulted in need for electronics capable of operation under high voltage bias. Automotive electronics has simultaneously transitioned to copper wire-bond from gold wire-bond for first-level interconnections. Copper has a smaller process window and a higher propensity for corrosion in comparison with gold wire bonds. There is scarce information on the reliability of copper wire bonds in presence of high voltage bias under operation at high temperature. In this paper, a multiphysics model for micro galvanic corrosion in the presence of chlorine is introduced. The diffusion cell is used to measure the diffusivity of chlorine in different pH values and different temperatures. Diffusivity measurements are incorporated into the 3D ionic transport model to study the effect of different environmental factors on the transport rate of chlorine. The tafel parameters for copper, aluminum and intermetallics have been extracted through measurements of the polarization curves. The multiple physics of ionic transport in presence of concentration gradient, potential gradient is coupled with the galvanic corrosion.

Measurement of Ion-Mobility in Copper-Aluminum Wirebond Electronics Under Operation at High Voltage and High Temperature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Lall ◽  
Yihua Luo ◽  
Shantanu Deshpande ◽  
Luu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Ionic Mobility ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Voltage Bias ◽  
Wire Bond ◽  
Mobility Of Ions ◽  
Copper Aluminum

Transition of ground vehicles to HEV and FEV has necessitated the operation of electronics in automotive underhood at high voltage bias and high temperature for extended period-of-time. Examples include gate drivers and IGBT modules. A typical automotive benchmark is operation for 10 years and 100,000 miles. Simultaneously, the first-level interconnects are migrating to use copper-wire interconnects in place of the previously used gold wire. Copper wire has higher propensity for corrosion and a narrower process-bonding window in comparison with gold wire based systems. Exposure to high temperature, humidity and bias influences the mobility of ions in the EMC and thus the contaminant transport to the WB interfaces. Measurements of diffusion behavior of EMCs at high temperature and high voltage bias are not available for readily being used in models. Prior studies have focused on biased humidity tests on wire bonds with the amplitude of the bias being limited up to 3.5Volts. In this paper, a PWM-controlled-gate drive-based test setup is established to study the effect of high voltage (up to 20Volts) on Cu-Al wire bond interconnects. A migration-diffusion cell experiment is designed to quantify the effect of voltage bias on transport of chlorine in EMCs. Diffusion coefficient and ionic mobility of chlorine at different temperatures are obtained. Resistance spectroscopy measurements show the progression of corrosion induced by voltage bias. A corrosion simulation is used to quantify the effect of voltage bias on corrosion rate of Cu-Al wire bond.

An Environmental Wet Cell For High Voltage Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
N.J. Tighe ◽  
H.M. Flower ◽  
P.R. Swann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
High Temperature Gas

A differentially pumped environmental cell has been developed for use in the AEI EM7 million volt microscope. In the initial version the column of gas traversed by the beam was 5.5mm. This permited inclusion of a tilting hot stage in the cell for investigating high temperature gas-specimen reactions. In order to examine specimens in the wet state it was found that a pressure of approximately 400 torr of water saturated helium was needed around the specimen to prevent dehydration. Inelastic scattering by the water resulted in a sharp loss of image quality. Therefore a modified cell with an ‘airgap’ of only 1.5mm has been constructed. The shorter electron path through the gas permits examination of specimens at the necessary pressure of moist helium; the specimen can still be tilted about the side entry rod axis by ±7°C to obtain stereopairs.

nCocktail Therapy towards High Temperature/High Voltage Lithium Metal Battery via Solvation Sheath Structure Tuning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianle Zheng ◽  
Jianwei Xiong ◽  
Xiaotang Shi ◽  
Bingying Zhu ◽  
Ya-Jun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Battery ◽  
Sheath Structure

scholarly journals Biocompatible and biodegradable solid polymer electrolytes for high voltage and high temperature lithium batteries

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 24856-24863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lin ◽  
Yun Cheng ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jan D. Miller ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Solid Polymer

Wheat flour modified solid polymer electrolytes were synthesized and used in high safety and long cycling lithium batteries.

Silicon Substrate Engineered High-Voltage High-Temperature GaN-DHFETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 2217-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Srivastava ◽  
Jo Das ◽  
Robert P. Mertens ◽  
Gustaaf Borghs
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Silicon Substrate
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