Unsteady Rotor Heat Transfer in a Transonic Turbine Stage

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Didier ◽  
R. De´nos ◽  
T. Arts
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Number Distribution ◽  
Transonic Turbine

This experimental investigation reports the convective heat transfer coefficient around the rotor of a transonic turbine stage. Both time-resolved and time-averaged aspects are addressed. The measurements are performed around the rotor blade at 15, 50, and 85% span as well as on the rotor tip and the hub platform. Four operating conditions are tested covering two Reynolds numbers and three pressure ratios. The tests are performed in the compression tube turbine test rig CT3 of the von Karman Institute, allowing a correct simulation of the operating conditions encountered in modern aero-engines. The time-averaged Nusselt number distribution shows the strong dependence on both blade Mach number distribution and Reynolds number. The time-resolved heat transfer rate is mostly dictated by the vane trailing edge shock impingement on the rotor boundary layer. The shock passage corresponds to a sudden heat transfer increase. The effects are more pronounced in the leading edge region. The increase of the stage pressure ratio causes a stronger vane trailing edge shock and thus larger heat transfer fluctuations. The influence of the Reynolds number is hardly visible.

Unsteady Rotor Heat Transfer in a Transonic Turbine Stage

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Didier ◽  
R. De´nos ◽  
T. Arts
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Number Distribution ◽  
Transonic Turbine

This experimental investigation reports the convective heat transfer coefficient around the rotor of a transonic turbine stage. Both time-resolved and time-averaged aspects are addressed. The measurements are performed around the rotor blade at 15%, 50% and 85% span as well as on the rotor tip and the hub platform. Four operating conditions are tested covering two Reynolds numbers and three pressure ratios. The tests are performed in the compression tube turbine test rig CT3 of the von Karman Institute, allowing a correct simulation of the operating conditions encountered in modern aero-engines. The time-averaged Nusselt number distribution shows the strong dependence on both blade Mach number distribution and Reynolds number. The time-resolved heat transfer rate is mostly dictated by the vane trailing edge shock impingement on the rotor boundary layer. The shock passage corresponds to a sudden heat transfer increase. The effects are more pronounced in the leading edge region. The increase of the stage pressure ratio causes a stronger vane trailing edge shock and thus larger heat transfer fluctuations. The influence of the Reynolds number is hardly visible.

An Experimental Study of Film Cooling in a Rotating Transonic Turbine

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Abhari ◽  
A. H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
Percent Decrease ◽  
Time Resolved Measurements

Time-resolved measurements of heat transfer on a fully cooled transonic turbine stage have been taken in a short duration turbine test facility, which simulates full engine nondimensional conditions. The time average of this data is compared to uncooled rotor data and cooled linear cascade measurements made on the same profile. The film cooling reduces the time-averaged heat transfer compared to the uncooled rotor on the blade suction surface by as much as 60 percent, but has relatively little effect on the pressure surface. The suction surface rotor heat transfer is lower than that measured in the cascade. The results are similar over the central 3/4 of the span, implying that the flow here is mainly two dimensional. The film cooling is shown to be much less effective at high blowing ratios than at low ones. Time-resolved measurements reveal that the cooling, when effective, both reduced the dc level of heat transfer and changed the shape of the unsteady waveform. Unsteady blowing is shown to be a principal driver of film cooling fluctuations, and a linear model is shown to do a good job in predicting the unsteady heat transfer. The unsteadiness results in a 12 percent decrease in heat transfer on the suction surface and a 5 percent increase on the pressure surface.

Unsteady Heat Transfer in Stator–Rotor Interaction by Two-Equation Turbulence Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Michelassi ◽  
F. Martelli ◽  
R. De´nos ◽  
T. Arts ◽  
C. H. Sieverding
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

A transonic turbine stage is computed by means of an unsteady Navier–Stokes solver. A two-equation turbulence model is coupled to a transition model based on integral parameters and an extra transport equation. The transonic stage is modeled in two dimensions with a variable span height for the rotor row. The analysis of the transonic turbine stage with stator trailing edge coolant ejection is carried out to compute the unsteady pressure and heat transfer distribution on the rotor blade under variable operating conditions. The stator coolant ejection allows the total pressure losses to be reduced, although no significant effects on the rotor heat transfer are found both in the computer simulation and the measurements. The results compare favorably with experiments in terms of both pressure distribution and heat transfer around the rotor blade.

The Effects of Blade Passing on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Overtip Casing in a Transonic Turbine Stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Thorpe ◽  
Roger W. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Transonic Turbine

In a modern gas turbine engine, the outer casing (shroud) of the shroudless high-pressure turbine is exposed to a combination of high flow temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. The casing is consequently subjected to high levels of convective heat transfer, a situation that is complicated by flow unsteadiness caused by periodic blade-passing events. In order to arrive at an overtip casing design that has an acceptable service life, it is essential for manufacturers to have appropriate predictive methods and cooling system configurations. It is known that both the flow temperature and boundary layer conductance on the casing wall vary during the blade-passing cycle. The current article reports the measurement of spatially and temporally resolved heat transfer coefficient (h) on the overtip casing wall of a fully scaled transonic turbine stage experiment. The results indicate that h is a maximum when a blade tip is immediately above the point in question, while the lower values of h are observed when the point is exposed to the rotor passage flow. Time-resolved measurements of static pressure are used to reveal the unsteady aerodynamic situation adjacent to the overtip casing wall. The data obtained from this fully scaled transonic turbine stage experiment are compared to previously published heat transfer data obtained in low-Mach number cascade-style tests of similar high-pressure blade geometries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Unsteady Tip and Endwall Heat Transfer in a Highly Loaded Transonic Turbine Stage

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Shyam ◽  
Ali Ameri ◽  
Jen-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Stagnation Temperature ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
Highly Loaded

In a previous study, vane-rotor shock interactions and heat transfer on the rotor blade of a highly loaded transonic turbine stage were simulated. The geometry consists of a high pressure turbine vane and downstream rotor blade. This study focuses on the physics of flow and heat transfer in the rotor tip, casing and hub regions. The simulation was performed using the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) code MSU-TURBO. A low Reynolds number k-ε model was utilized to model turbulence. The rotor blade in question has a tip gap height of 2.1% of the blade height. The Reynolds number of the flow is approximately 3×106 per meter. Unsteadiness was observed at the tip surface that results in intermittent ‘hot spots’. It is demonstrated that unsteadiness in the tip gap is governed by inviscid effects due to high speed flow and is not strongly dependent on pressure ratio across the tip gap contrary to published observations that have primarily dealt with subsonic tip flows. The high relative Mach numbers in the tip gap lead to a choking of the leakage flow that translates to a relative attenuation of losses at higher loading. The efficacy of new tip geometry is discussed to minimize heat flux at the tip while maintaining choked conditions. In addition, an explanation is provided that shows the mechanism behind the rise in stagnation temperature on the casing to values above the absolute total temperature at the inlet. It is concluded that even in steady mode, work transfer to the near tip fluid occurs due to relative shearing by the casing. This is believed to be the first such explanation of the work transfer phenomenon in the open literature. The difference in pattern between steady and time-averaged heat flux at the hub is also explained.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Film Cooling in a Rotating Transonic Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza S. Abhari ◽  
A. H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Unsteady Heat Transfer ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
Time Resolved Measurements

Time-resolved measurements of heat transfer on a fully cooled transonic turbine stage have been taken in a short duration turbine test facility which simulates full engine non-dimensional conditions. The time average of this data is compared to uncooled rotor data and cooled linear cascade measurements made on the same profile. The film cooling reduces the time-averaged heat transfer compared to the uncooled rotor on the blade suction surface by as much as 60%, but has relatively little effect on the pressure surface. The suction surface rotor heat transfer is lower than that measured in the cascade. The results are similar over the central 3/4 of the span implying that the flow here is mainly two-dimensional. The film cooling is shown to be much less effective at high blowing ratios than at low ones. Time-resolved measurements reveal that the cooling, when effective, both reduced the d.c. level of heat transfer and changed the shape of the unsteady waveform. Unsteady blowing is shown to be a principal driver of film cooling fluctuations, and a linear model is shown to do a good job in predicting the unsteady heat transfer. The unsteadiness results in a 12% decrease in heat transfer on the suction surface and a 5% increase on the pressure surface.

The Effects of Blade Passing on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Over-Tip Casing in a Transonic Turbine Stage

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Thorpe ◽  
Roger W. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Transonic Turbine

In a modern gas turbine engine the outer casing (shroud) of the shroudless high-pressure turbine is exposed to a combination of high flow temperatures and heat transfer coefficients. The casing is consequently subjected to high levels of convective heat transfer, a situation that is complicated by flow unsteadiness caused by periodic blade-passing events. In order to arrive at an over-tip casing design that has an acceptable service life it is essential for manfacturers to have appropriate predictive methods and cooling system configurations. It is known that both the flow temperature and boundary layer conductance on the casing wall vary during the blade-passing cycle. The current article reports the measurement of spatially and temporally resolved heat transfer coefficient (h) on the over-tip casing wall of a fully-scaled transonic turbine stage experiment. The results indicate that h is a maximum when a blade-tip is immediately above the point in question, while lower values of h are observed when the point is exposed to the rotor passage flow. Time-resolved measurements of static pressure are used to reveal the unsteady aerodynamic situation adjacent to the over-tip casing wall. The data obtained from this fully-scaled transonic turbine stage experiment are compared to previously published heat transfer data obtained in low-Mach number cascade style tests of similar high pressure blade geometries.

Influence of the Hub Endwall Cavity Flow on the Time-Averaged and Time-Resolved Aero-Thermodynamics of an Axial HP Turbine Stage

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De´nos ◽  
G. Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Cavity Flow ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Transonic Turbine

This experimental research investigates the influence of the hub endwall cavity flow on the aerodynamics and heat transfer of a high-pressure transonic turbine stage tested under engine representative conditions. The measurements include the hub and tip endwall static pressure downstream of the vane, the static pressure and heat transfer on the rotor blade at 15% span and on the hub platform as well as the stage downstream total pressure and temperature. Both steady and unsteady aspects are addressed. The hub endwall cavity flow has a significant influence on both the time-averaged and time-resolved components of the measured quantities. The effects are shown to be mainly due to an increase of the pitchwise averaged static pressure at hub downstream of the vane when cavity flow ejection is activated.

scholarly journals Unsteady Heat Transfer in Stator-Rotor Interaction by Two Equation Turbulence Model

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Michelassi ◽  
F. Martelli ◽  
R. Dénos ◽  
T. Arts ◽  
C. H. Sieverding
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions

A transonic turbine stage is computed by means of an unsteady Navier-Stokes solver. A two equation turbulence model is coupled to a transition model based on integral parameters and an extra transport equation. The transonic stage is modeled in two-dimensions with a variable span height for the rotor row. The analysis of the transonic turbine stage with stator trailing edge coolant ejection is carried out to compute the unsteady pressure and heat transfer distribution on the rotor blade under variable operating conditions. The stator coolant ejection allows the total pressure losses to be reduced although no significant effects on the rotor heat transfer are found in both the computer simulation and measurements. The results compare favorably with experiments both in terms of pressure distribution and heat transfer around the rotor blade.

scholarly journals Analysis of Unsteady Tip and Endwall Heat Transfer in a Highly Loaded Transonic Turbine Stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Shyam ◽  
Ali Ameri ◽  
Jen-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Rotor Blade ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Stagnation Temperature ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
Highly Loaded

In a previous study, vane-rotor shock interactions and heat transfer on the rotor blade of a highly loaded transonic turbine stage were simulated. The geometry consists of a high pressure turbine vane and a downstream rotor blade. This study focuses on the physics of flow and heat transfer in the rotor tip, casing, and hub regions. The simulation was performed using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes code MSU-TURBO. A low Reynolds number k-ε model was utilized to model turbulence. The rotor blade in question has a tip gap height of 2.1% of the blade height. The Reynolds number of the flow is approximately 3×106/m. Unsteadiness was observed at the tip surface that results in intermittent “hot spots.” It is demonstrated that unsteadiness in the tip gap is governed by inviscid effects due to high speed flow and is not strongly dependent on pressure ratio across the tip gap contrary to published observations that have primarily dealt with subsonic tip flows. The high relative Mach numbers in the tip gap lead to a choking of the leakage flow that translates to a relative attenuation of losses at higher loading. The efficacy of new tip geometry is discussed to minimize heat flux at the tip while maintaining choked conditions. In addition, an explanation is provided that shows the mechanism behind the rise in stagnation temperature on the casing to values above the absolute total temperature at the inlet. It is concluded that even in steady (in a computational sense) mode, work transfer to the near tip fluid occurs due to relative shearing by the casing. This is believed to be the first such explanation of the work transfer phenomenon in the open literature. The difference in pattern between steady and time-averaged heat fluxes at the hub is also explained.

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