Development of Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities in Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heki Shibata ◽  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Masatoshi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities was established in 1982 in advance of those in other industrial fields, the only exception being that for nuclear power plants. In 1995, Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake caused approximately 6000 deaths and more than $1 billion (US) loss of property in the Kobe area, Japan. This unexpected disaster underlined the idea that industrial facilities should pay special consideration to damages including ground failure due to the liquefaction. Strong ground motions caused serious damage to urban structures in the area. Thus, the Seismic Design Code of the High Pressure Gas Facilities were improved to include two-step design assessments, that is, for Level 1 earthquakes (operating basis earthquake: a probable strong earthquake during the service life of the facilities), and Level 2 earthquakes (safety shutdown earthquake: a possible strongest earthquake with extremely low probability of occurrence). For Level 2 earthquakes, ground failure by possible liquefaction will be taken into account. For a Level 1 earthquake, the required seismic performance is that the system must remain safe without critical damage after the earthquake, including no gas leakage. For a Level 2 earthquake, the required seismic performance is that the system must remain safe without gas leakage. This means a certain non-elastic deformation without gas leakage may be allowed. The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan set up the Seismic Safety Promotion Committee to modify their code, in advance of other industries, and has continued to investigate more effective seismic design practices for more than 5 years. The final version of the guidelines has established design practices for the both Level 1 and Level 2 earthquakes. In this paper, the activities of the committee, their new design concepts and scope of applications are explained.

Developments of Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities in Japan

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heki Shibata ◽  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Masatoshi Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities was established in advance of other industrial fields in 1982. Only exception was that for nuclear power plants. In 1995, Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake brought approximately 6,000 deaths and more than 100,000 M$ loss or property in Kobe area, Japan. This unexpected serious event enforced us that industrial facilities should pay to special considerations of their damages including ground failure due to the liquefaction. Their strong ground motions brought serious damages to urban structures in the area. Thus, the Seismic Design Code of the High Pressure Gas Facilities were improved to include 2 step design assessments, that is, Level 1 earthquake (operating basisearthquake, the probable strong earthquake in the service life of the facilities), and Level 2 earthquake (safety shutdownearthquake, the possible strongest earthquake with extremely low probability of occurrence). For Level 2 earthquake, the ground failure by possible liquefaction shall be taken into account. In regard to Level 1 earthquake, the system must be remained safety without critical damage after the earthquake, in addition to no leakage of “gas”. In regard to Level 2 earthquake, the required seismic performance is that peventing systems must be remained without gas leakage, and stable. It means a certain non-elastic deformation without gas leakage may be allowed. The High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan has set up the Seismic Safety Promotion Committee to modify their code in advance of other industries, and continue to investigate more reasonable seismic design practice for more than 5 years. Andthe final version of the guideline has been established for the design practices both in Level 1 and Level 2 earthquakes. This paper explains the activities of the committee, their new design concepts and scope of applications.

New Seismic Design Criteria of Piping Systems in High-Pressure Gas Facilities

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Inaba ◽  
Masatoshi Ikeda ◽  
Nobuyuki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Deformation Tests ◽  
Level 2

After the Great Hyogoken-nanbu Earthquake (1995), the Seismic Design Code for High-Pressure Gas Facilities of Japan was amended. This amended code requires two-step seismic assessments, that is, the evaluation of the Level 1 Required Seismic Performance for Level 1 earthquakes and that of the Level 2 Required Seismic Performance for Level 2 earthquakes. Seismic design of piping systems is newly included within the scope of the code. For Level 2 earthquakes, possible ground displacement due to liquefaction is taken into account. The evaluation method of the Level 1 Required Seismic Performance is specified in the amended code and that of the Level 2 Required Seismic Performance is proposed in the guideline. The evaluation of the former is based on elastic design and that of the latter on elastoplastic design. The propriety of the design criteria of piping systems with respect to ground displacement was confirmed by large deformation tests. In this paper, seismic design criteria of piping systems in the amended code and the evaluation method of the Level 2 Required Seismic Performance proposed in the guideline are introduced, and the results of the large deformation tests are reported.

A New Seismic Design Criteria of Piping Systems in High Pressure Gas Facilities

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Inaba ◽  
Masatoshi Ikeda ◽  
Nobuyuki Shimizu ◽  
Tetsuya Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Deformation Tests ◽  
Level 2

After the Great Hyogoken-nanbu Earthquake, “Seismic Design Code for High Pressure Gas Facilities of Japan” was amended. This amended code requires two step seismic assessments, that is, evaluation of Level 1 Required Seismic Performance for Level 1 Earthquake and that of Level 2 Required Seismic Performance for Level 2 Earthquake. Seismic design of piping systems is newly involved in the scope of the code. For Level 2 Earthquake, possible ground displacement due to liquefaction is taken into account. When ground displacement occurs, foundations of structures settle, laterally move or incline as a conseqence, and a piping system supported by independent foundation structures suffers from relative displacements between supporting points, which may exceed several tens of centimeters. The evaluation method of Level 1 Required Seismic Performance is specified in the amended code and that of Level 2 Required Seismic Performance is proposed in the guideline. The former evaluation is based on elastic design and the latter on elasto-plastic design. The propriety of design criteria of piping systems against ground displacement was confirmed by large deformation tests. This paper introduces seismic design criteria of piping systems in the amended code and the evaluation method of Level 2 Required Seismic Performance proposed in the guideline, and also reports the results on the large deformation tests.

Seismic Performance Study of Concrete Porous Brick Wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2371-2375
Author(s):  
Hua Wei Zhao ◽  
Xiu Qin Cui ◽  
Tong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Shear Bearing Capacity

Four constructional columns with concrete porous brick walls were constructed for low cyclic loading test. The damage on the characteristics and strength of the wall, hysteresis curve, ductility and other seismic performance were analyzed. Setting constructional columns in the wall at both ends increase the ultimate strength and improve its deformation, ductility and other properties. Meanwhile the height-wide-ratio of wall, axial pressure and other factors on the shear bearing capacity on the wall have been studied. Based on the shear capacity formula of wall in the Structural Seismic Design Code, considering the contribution of the constructional columns on the shear strength, according to the results, the shear capacity formula of constructional columns with concrete brick walls is presented.

Seismic Evaluation of Existing Structures Supporting Loading-Arms in LNG Receiving Terminal

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Oshima ◽  
Takashi Kase
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Seismic Design Method ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Coefficient Method

After Hyogo South Area earthquake, a new seismic design method considering non-elastic deformation behavior is established against Level 2 earthquake (Safety Shutdown Earthquake) in the Seismic Design Code of High-pressure Gas Facilities in Japan. In this paper, this method is applied for an evaluation of existing structures supporting loading-arms in LNG Receiving Terminal. A procedure of pre-earthquake seismic upgrading and modification of the structures that are supported by platforms and supporting loading-arms is introduced. In this evaluation, the seismic loads taking into account of interaction among platforms, structures, and loading-arms are analyzed as total systems. And yield strength design method is applied. Then for the seismic design of loading-arms, floor response spectrums on the installation level are presented. After upgrading the platforms in this case, seismic evaluation of loading-arms based on this study will be performed. So the effect of changing its stiffness is studied. Also to evaluate the dynamic loads subjected to the loading-arms, they are compared with seismic loads that are derived from modified static coefficient method of the seismic design code. Thus with studies of vibration characteristics as total systems, it is possible to make effective and economical countermeasures for pre-earthquake seismic upgrading and modification of the structures and loading-arms.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Multi-Column Piers under Earthquake Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652
Author(s):  
Jung Han Kim ◽  
Ick-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Bridge Piers ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lap Splice ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Seismic Force

When a seismic force acts on bridges, the pier can be damaged by the horizontal inertia force of the superstructure. To prevent this failure, criteria for seismic reinforcement details have been developed in many design codes. However, in moderate seismicity regions, many existing bridges were constructed without considering seismic detail because the detailed seismic design code was only applied recently. These existing structures should be retrofitted by evaluating their seismic performance. Even if the seismic design criteria are not applied, it cannot be concluded that the structure does not have adequate seismic performance. In particular, the performance of a lap-spliced reinforcement bar at a construction joint applied by past practices cannot be easily evaluated analytically. Therefore, experimental tests on the bridge piers considering a non-seismic detail of existing structures need to be performed to evaluate the seismic performance. For this reason, six small scale specimens according to existing bridge piers were constructed and seismic performances were evaluated experimentally. The three types of reinforcement detail were adjusted, including a lap-splice for construction joints. Quasi-static loading tests were performed for three types of scale model with two-column piers in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. From the test results, the effect on the failure mechanism of the lap-splice and transverse reinforcement ratio were investigated. The difference in failure characteristics according to the loading direction was investigated by the location of plastic hinges. Finally, the seismic capacity related to the displacement ductility factor and the absorbed energy by hysteresis behavior for each test were obtained and discussed.

scholarly journals Loss assessment of building and content damages from potential earthquake risk in Seoul, Korea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooil Choi ◽  
Jae-Woo Park ◽  
Jinhwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Damage Functions ◽  
Seismic Design Code

Abstract. After the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and the 2017 Pohang earthquake struck the Korean peninsula, securing financial stability for earthquake risk has become an important issue in Korea. Many domestic researchers are currently studying potential earthquake risk. However, empirical analysis and statistical approach are ambiguous in the case of Korea because no major earthquake has ever occurred on the Korean peninsula since Korean Meteorological Agency started monitoring earthquakes in 1978. This study focuses on evaluating possible losses due to earthquake risk in Seoul, the capital of Korea, by using catastrophe model methodology integrated with GIS (Geographic Information System). The building information such as structure and location is taken from the building registration database and the replacement cost for building is obtained from insurance information. As the seismic design code in KBC (Korea Building Code) is similar to the seismic design code of UBC (Uniform Building Code), the damage functions provided by HAZUS-MH are used to assess the damage state of each building in event of an earthquake. 12 earthquake scenarios are evaluated considering the distribution and characteristics of active fault zones in the Korean peninsula, and damages with loss amounts are calculated for each of the scenarios.

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