Effect of Inlet Air Cooling by Ice Storage on Unit Sizing of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Yokoyama ◽  
Koichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Power Output

In the commercial sector, heat and power demands peak in the summer daytime because of high space cooling demands, and cogeneration plants are required to produce maximum heat and power to meet their demands. However, gas turbine cogeneration plants have the disadvantage of decreases in maximum power output in the summer daytime, which reduces the availability of gas turbines. One of the ways to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage is to cool inlet air and augment maximum power output. In addition, one of the ways for inlet air cooling is to make ice by driving electric compression refrigerators using off-peak power generated during the nighttime, store it in ice banks, and use its heat for inlet air cooling during the on-peak period. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of inlet air cooling by ice storage on the unit sizing and cost of a gas turbine cogeneration plant. An optimal unit sizing method based on the mixed-integer linear programming is used to rationally determine equipment capacities and operational strategies of the plant. A numerical study is conducted, in which the gas turbine cogeneration plants with and without inlet air cooled by ice storage are compared with each other, and the effect of inlet air cooling on the equipment capacities as well as the annual total cost and its items is clarified.

Effect of Inlet Air Cooling by Ice Storage on Unit Sizing of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Yokoyama ◽  
Koichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Maximum Power Output

In the commercial sector, heat and power demands peak in the summer daytime because of high space cooling demands, and cogeneration plants are required to produce maximum heat and power to meet their demands. However, gas turbine cogeneration plants have the disadvantage of decreases in maximum power output in the summer daytime, which reduces the availability of gas turbines. One of the ways to avoid the aforementioned disadvantage is to cool inlet air and augment maximum power output. In addition, one of the ways for inlet air cooling is to make ice by driving electric compression refrigerators using off-peak power generated during the nighttime, store it in ice banks, and use its heat for inlet air cooling during the on-peak period. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of inlet air cooling by ice storage on the unit sizing and cost of a gas turbine cogeneration plant. An optimal unit sizing method based on the mixed-integer linear programming is used to rationally determine equipment capacities and operational strategies of the plant. A numerical study is conducted, in which the gas turbine cogeneration plants with and without inlet air cooled by ice storage are compared with each other, and the effect of inlet air cooling on the equipment capacities as well as the annual total cost and its items is clarified.

Evaluation of Operational Performance of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant With Intake Air Cooled by Ice Storage

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Yokoyama ◽  
Koichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Maximum Power Output

A disadvantage of a gas turbine cogeneration plant is a decrease in maximum power output during the period with high ambient air temperature. One of the ways to avoid this disadvantage is to cool intake air by ice storage and augment maximum power output. An advantage of this system is to utilize a discounted rate for energy charge of electricity consumed to drive electric compression refrigerators for ice storage during the nighttime. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of intake air cooling by ice storage on the operational performance of a gas turbine cogeneration plant for district heat and power supply. An optimal operational planning model based on the mixed-integer linear programming is used to assess the effect rationally and efficiently. In a numerical study, the operational performances of gas turbine cogeneration plants with and without intake air cooled by ice storage are compared with each other, and the effect of intake air cooling on the operational strategy and cost is clarified.

Inlet Air Cooling Methods for Gas Turbine Based Power Plants

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kakaras ◽  
A. Doukelis ◽  
A. Prelipceanu ◽  
S. Karellas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Methods

Power generation from gas turbines is penalised by a substantial power output loss with increased ambient temperature. By cooling down the gas turbine intake air, the power output penalty can be mitigated. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art in applications for reducing the gas turbine intake air temperature and examine the merits from integration of the different air-cooling methods in gas turbine based power plants. Three different intake air-cooling methods (evaporative cooling, refrigeration cooling and evaporative cooling of pre-compressed air) have been applied in two combined cycle power plants and two gas turbine plants. The calculations were performed on a yearly basis of operation, taking into account the time-varying climatic conditions. The economics from integration of the different cooling systems were calculated and compared.

Power Reserve Control for Gas Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Mu¨ller ◽  
Andrew Wihler
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Maximum Power Output

In order to be able to optimally operate a combined cycle power plant in a liberalized electricity market, knowledge of the plant’s maximum exportable power generation capacity is vital. However, the maximum power output of a power plant is affected by numerous variable factors, such as the ambient conditions at the plant site. In addition, the allowable plant operating range might be narrowed by a compulsory reserve margin, if the power plant is participating in a frequency regulation program. In this paper, a power reserve controller is derived, which facilitates the optimal operation of a combined cycle gas turbine power plant subject to a reserve margin requirement. The power reserve controller bases on a mathematical description of the power plant and uses an adaptation mechanism to predict on a real-time basis the maximum allowable plant load limit. Based on tests on a single shaft combined cycle power plant, the operation of the power reserve controller is demonstrated and its performance is assessed. The test results prove that the controller predicts the maximum power output of the plant with high accuracy and that it is able to maintain a desired reserve capacity for frequency response as specified.

scholarly journals A technical-economic analysis of turbine inlet air cooling for a heavy duty gas turbine operating with blast-furnace gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e59810915006
Author(s):  
Raphael Camargo da Costa ◽  
Cesar Augusto Arezo e Silva Jr. ◽  
Júlio Cesar Costa Campos ◽  
Washington Orlando Irrazabal Bohorquez ◽  
Rogerio Fernandes Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

The study was developed inside an integrated steel mill, located in Rio de Janeiro city, aiming to analyse the technical-economic feasibility of installing a new inlet air refrigeration system for the gas turbines. The technologies applied for such purpose are named Turbine Inlet Air Cooling (TIAC) technologies. The power plant utilizes High Fogging and Evaporative Cooling methods for reducing the compressor’s inlet air temperature, however, the ambient climate condition hampers the turbine’s power output when considering its design operation values. Hence, this study was proposed to analyse the installation of an additional cooling system. The abovementioned power plant has two heavy-duty gas turbines and one steam turbine, connected in a combined cycle configuration. The cycle nominal power generation capacity is 450 MW with each of the gas turbines responsible for 90 MW. The gas turbines operate with steelwork gases, mainly blast furnace gas (BFG), and natural gas. The plant has its own weather station, which provided significant and precise data regarding the local climate conditions over the year of 2017. An in-house computer model was created to simulate the gas turbine power generation and fuel consumption considering both cases: with the proposed TIAC system and without it, allowing the evaluation of the power output increase due to the new refrigeration system. The results point out for improvements of 4.22% on the power output, corresponding to the electricity demand of approximately 32960 Brazilian homes per month or yearly earnings of 3.92 million USD.

Gas Turbine Power Augmentation Using Fog Inlet Air-Cooling System

Volume 1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ameri ◽  
Hamid Nabati ◽  
Alireza Keshtgar
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Air Cooling System

Gas turbines are almost constant volume machines at a specific rotating speed, i.e., air intake is limited to a nearly fixed volume of air regardless of ambient air conditions. As air temperature rises, its density falls. Thus, although the volumetric flow rate remains constant, the mass flow rate is reduced as air temperature rises. Power output is also reduced as air temperature rises because power output is proportional to mass flow rate. This power output reduction is from 0.5% to 0.9% of the ISO output power for every 1°C rise in the ambient temperature. The solution of this problem is very important because the peak demand season also happens in the summer. One of the useful methods to overcome this problem is to apply the fog inlet air cooling system for the gas turbines. In this paper the Rey Power Plant site climate conditions in the summer have been studied. The design conditions regarding the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity have been selected. The different inlet air cooling systems have been studied and the Fog system has been chosen. The economical study has shown that this system is very cheap in comparison with the installation of the new gas turbines. The capital cost is estimated to be 40 $/KW. The pay back period is around 1.5 year. The testing of this system has shown that the average power capacity of the power plant is increased by 19 MW and prevented the installation of a new gas turbine.

Power Reserve Control for Gas Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Müller ◽  
Andrew Wihler
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Maximum Power Output

In order to be able to optimally operate a combined cycle power plant in a liberalized electricity market, knowledge of the plant’s maximum exportable power generation capacity is vital. However, the maximum power output of a power plant is affected by numerous variable factors, such as the ambient conditions at the plant site. In addition, the allowable plant operating range might be narrowed by a compulsory reserve margin, if the power plant is participating in a frequency regulation program. In this paper, a power reserve controller is derived, which facilitates the optimal operation of a combined cycle gas turbine power plant subject to a reserve margin requirement. The power reserve controller is based on a mathematical description of the power plant and uses an adaptation mechanism to predict on a real-time basis the maximum allowable plant load limit. Based on tests on a single shaft combined cycle power plant, the operation of the power reserve controller is demonstrated and its performance is assessed. The test results prove that the controller predicts the maximum power output of the plant with high accuracy and that it is able to maintain a desired reserve capacity for frequency response as specified.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Evaporative Inlet Air Gas Turbine Cooling

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Obida Zeitoun
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration ◽  
Gas Turbine Cooling

Gas turbine inlet air-cooling (TIAC) is an established technology for augmenting gas turbine output and efficiency, especially in hot regions. TIAC using evaporative cooling is suitable for hot, dry regions; however, the cooling is limited by the ambient wet-bulb temperature. This study investigates two-stage evaporative TIAC under the harsh weather of Riyadh city. The two-stage evaporative TIAC system consists of indirect and direct evaporative stages. In the indirect stage, air is precooled using water cooled in a cooling tower. In the direct stage, adiabatic saturation cools the air. This investigation was conducted for the GE 7001EA gas turbine model. Thermoflex software was used to simulate the GE 7001EA gas turbine using different TIAC systems including evaporative, two-stage evaporative, hybrid absorption refrigeration evaporative and hybrid vapor-compression refrigeration evaporative cooling systems. Comparisons of different performance parameters of gas turbines were conducted. The added annual profit and payback period were estimated for different TIAC systems.

Evolution of Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ingistov ◽  
Michael Milos ◽  
Rakesh K. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Operational Data

A suitable inlet air filter system is required for a gas turbine, depending on installation site and its environmental conditions, to minimize contaminants entering the compressor section in order to maintain gas turbine performance. This paper describes evolution of inlet air filter systems utilized at the 420 MW Watson Cogeneration Plant consisting of four GE 7EA gas turbines since commissioning of the plant in November 1987. Changes to the inlet air filtration system became necessary due to system limitations, a desire to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and enhance overall plant performance. Based on approximately 2 years of operational data with the latest filtration system combined with other operational experiences of more than 25 years, it is shown that implementation of the high efficiency particulate air filter system provides reduced number of crank washes, gas turbine performance improvement and significant economic benefits compared to the traditional synthetic media type filters. Reasons for improved gas turbine performance and associated economic benefits, observed via actual operational data, with use of the latest filter system are discussed in this paper.

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