scholarly journals Gas Turbines and Natural Gas Synergism

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Gas Fueled

This article presents a study on new electric power gas turbines and the advent of shale natural gas, which now are upending electrical energy markets. Energy Information Administration (EIA) results show that total electrical production cost for a conventional coal plant would be 9.8 cents/kWh, while a conventional natural gas fueled gas turbine combined cycle plant would be a much lower at 6.6 cents/kWh. Furthermore, EIA estimates that 70% of new US power plants will be fueled by natural gas. Gas turbines are the prime movers for the modern combined cycle power plant. On the natural gas side of the recently upended electrical energy markets, new shale gas production and the continued development of worldwide liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities provide the other element of synergism. The US natural gas prices are now low enough to compete directly with coal. The study concludes that the natural gas fueled gas turbine will continue to be a growing part of the world’s electric power generation.

Novel High-Performing Single-Pressure Combined Cycle With CO2 Capture

2010 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Sipöcz ◽  
Klas Jonshagen ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Magnus Genrup
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Combined Cycles

The European electric power industry has undergone considerable changes over the past two decades as a result of more stringent laws concerning environmental protection along with the deregulation and liberalization of the electric power market. However, the pressure to deliver solutions in regard to the issue of climate change has increased dramatically in the last few years and has given rise to the possibility that future natural gas-fired combined cycle (NGCC) plants will also be subject to CO2 capture requirements. At the same time, the interest in combined cycles with their high efficiency, low capital costs, and complexity has grown as a consequence of addressing new challenges posed by the need to operate according to market demand in order to be economically viable. Considering that these challenges will also be imposed on new natural gas-fired power plants in the foreseeable future, this study presents a new process concept for natural gas combined cycle power plants with CO2 capture. The simulation tool IPSEpro is used to model a 400 MW single-pressure NGCC with post-combustion CO2 capture using an amine-based absorption process with monoethanolamine. To improve the costs of capture, the gas turbine GE 109FB is utilizing exhaust gas recirculation, thereby, increasing the CO2 content in the gas turbine working fluid to almost double that of conventional operating gas turbines. In addition, the concept advantageously uses approximately 20% less steam for solvent regeneration by utilizing preheated water extracted from heat recovery steam generator. The further recovery of heat from exhaust gases for water preheating by use of an increased economizer flow results in an outlet stack temperature comparable to those achieved in combined cycle plants with multiple-pressure levels. As a result, overall power plant efficiency as high as that achieved for a triple-pressure reheated NGCC with corresponding CO2 removal facility is attained. The concept, thus, provides a more cost-efficient option to triple-pressure combined cycles since the number of heat exchangers, boilers, etc., is reduced considerably.

Novel High-Perfoming Single-Pressure Combined Cycle With CO2 Capture

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Sipo¨cz ◽  
Klas Jonshagen ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Magnus Genrup
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Combined Cycles

The European electric power industry has undergone considerable changes over the past two decades as a result of more stringent laws concerning environmental protection along with the deregulation and liberalization of the electric power market. However, the pressure to deliver solutions in regard to the issue of climate change has increased dramatically in the last few years and given the rise to the possibility that future natural gas-fired combined cycle (NGCC) plants will also be subject to CO2 capture requirements. At the same time, the interest in combined cycles with their high efficiency, low capital costs and complexity has grown as a consequence of addressing new challenges posed by the need to operate according to market demand in order to be economically viable. Considering that these challenges will also be imposed on new natural gas-fired power plants in the foreseeable future, this study presents a new process concept for natural gas combined cycle power plants with CO2 capture. The simulation tool IPSEpro is used to model a 400 MW single-pressure NGCC with post-combustion CO2 capture, using an amine-based absorption process with Monoethanolamine. To improve the costs of capture the gas turbine, GE 109FB, is utilizing exhaust gas recirculation, thereby increasing the CO2 content in the gas turbine working fluid to almost double that of conventional operating gas turbines. In addition, the concept advantageously uses approximately 20% less steam for solvent regeneration by utilizing preheated water extracted from HRSG. The further recovery of heat from exhaust gases for water preheating by use of an increased economizer flow results in an outlet stack temperature comparable to those achieved in combined cycle plants with multiple pressure levels. As a result, overall power plant efficiency as high as that achieved for a triple-pressure reheated NGCC with corresponding CO2 removal facility is attained. The concept thus provides a more cost-efficient option to triple-pressure combined cycles since the number of heat exchangers, boilers, etc. is reduced considerably.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines - Major Greenhouse Gas Inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle

This article explains how combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants can help in reducing greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. In the last 25 years, the development and deployment of CCGT power plants represent a technology breakthrough in efficient energy conversion, and in the reduction of greenhouse gas production. Existing gas turbine CCGT technology can provide a reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost along with a minimum of greenhouse gas production. Natural gas, composed mostly of methane, is a hydrocarbon fuel used by CCGT power plants. Methane has the highest heating value per unit mass of any of the hydrocarbon fuels. It is the most environmentally benign of fuels, with impurities such as sulfur removed before it enters the pipeline. If a significant portion of coal-fired Rankine cycle plants are replaced by the latest natural gas-fired CCGT power plants, anthropogenic carbon dioxide released into the earth’s atmosphere would be greatly reduced.

The Approach to the Development of the Next Generation Gas Turbine and History of Tohoku Electric Power Company Combined Cycle Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Nishimura ◽  
Sadahiro Ohno ◽  
Shinya Ishikawa ◽  
Junichiro Masada ◽  
Kazumasa Takata
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Power Company ◽  
Electric Power Company

As global warming becomes increasingly serious, Japan has committed to reduce the CO2 emission by 25% from 1990 levels in Japan with preconditions by the end of 2020. To reach such the difficult target, resources and energy utilizations should be more efficient than before. Tohoku Electric Power Company, Inc. (Tohoku-EPCO) has been adopting the cutting-edge gas turbines for combined cycle power plants to contribute to the reduction of energy consumption and pollutant emission. Now Tohoku-EPCO and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) have started a study of next generation gas turbines to further improve the gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants efficiency. Tohoku-EPCO and MHI have invented a “closed circuit air cooling system” and a trial design of the closed circuit air cooled combustor is now being conducted as a collaborative project. Besides, the material technology development is being conducted for the further increase in the turbine Row 1 vane inlet temperature (TIT) in future.

Prediction of Gas Turbine On- and Off-Design Performance When Firing Coal-Derived Syngas

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

This paper describes a procedure used to model the performance of gas turbines designed to fire natural gas (or distillate oil) when fired on medium-Btu fuel, such as coal-derived syngas. Results from such performance studies can be used in the design or analysis of Gasification Combined Cycle (GCC) power plants. The primary difficulty when firing syngas in a gas turbine designed for natural gas is the tendency to drive the compressor toward surge. If the gas turbine has sufficient surge margin and mechanical durability, Gas Turbine Evaluation code (GATE) simulations indicate that net output power can be increased on the order of 15 percent when firing syngas due to the advantageous increase in the ratio of the expander-to-compressor mass flow rates. Three classes of single-spool utility gas turbines are investigated spanning firing temperatures from 1985°F-2500°F (1358 K-1644 K). Performance simulations at a variety of part-load and ambient temperature conditions are described; the resulting performance curves are useful in GCC power plant studies.

Past, Present and Future of Combined Cycle Power Plants: From an A/E’s Perspective

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The U.S

In the 1970s, power generation from gas turbines was minimal. Gas turbines in those days were run on fuel oil, since there was a so-called “natural gas shortage”. The U.S. Fuel Use Act of 1978 essentially disallowed the use of natural gas for power generation. Hence there was no incentive on the part of gas turbine manufacturers to invest in the development of gas turbine technology. There were many regulatory developments in the 1980s and 1990s, which led to the rapid growth in power generation from gas turbines. These developments included Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978 (encouraging cogeneration), FERC Order 636 (deregulating natural gas industry), Energy Policy Act of 1992 (creating EWGs and IPPs) and FERC Order 888 (open access to electrical transmission system). There was also a backlash from excessive electric rates due to high capital recovery of nuclear and coal-fired plant costs caused by tremendous cost increase resulting from tightening NRC requirements for nuclear plants and significant SO2/NOx/other emissions controls required for coal-fired plants. During this period, rapid technology developments took place in the metallurgy, design, efficiency, and reliability of gas turbines. In addition, U.S. DOE contributed to these developments by encouraging research and development efforts in high temperature and high efficiency gas turbines. Today we are seeing a tremendous explosion of power generating facilities by electric utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs). A few years ago, Merchant Power (generation without power purchase agreements) was unheard of. Today it is growing at a very fast pace. Can this rapid growth be sustained? The paper will explore the factors that will play a significant role in the future growth of gas turbine-based power generation in the U.S. The paper will also discuss the methods and developments that could decrease the capital costs of gas turbine power plants resulting in the lowest cost generation compared to other power generation technologies.

scholarly journals Electric Power and Natural Gas Synergism

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (03) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Electrical Supply

This article explains research and development in the field of gas turbine power plants. Natural gas fueled gas turbines driving generators are proving to be the most versatile and effective energy converter in the engineer's arsenal of prime movers. Continued research and development are making these gas turbine power plants even more effective, flexible, and efficient. Gas turbine plants can operate under either base load operations or in quick start/fast shutdown modes. The reliable and dispatchable backup capacity of fast-reacting fossil technology to hedge against variability of electrical supply was a key to successful renewable use in the 26 countries studied. The article concludes that the use of versatile electric power gas turbines fueled by natural gas will continue to grow in the world. In the United States, with recent shale discoveries and fracking of natural gas, such use should increase, with or without the emphasis on renewables.

scholarly journals Nigerian power sector: Why gas turbines will be relevant for the next 50 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 066-075
Author(s):  
Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday ◽  
Celestine Ebieto Ebieto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity

Several cases of the need for continuous utilization of gas turbines for power production and why gas turbines will be relevant in the next 50 years in the Nigerian power sector are presented in this paper. Using 7 criteria; the cost of installation, operation and maintenance costs, levelized cost of electricity, capacity factor, the efficiency of energy conversion, power to size ratio/area coverage and environmental pollution, gas turbine operation was compared with wind and solar energy technologies. Gas turbine for power production appears to be more favourable in 5 out of the 7 criteria including lower installation cost which is a very important factor for poor and developing nations like Nigeria. The quantity of fuel for producing different quantities of power using gas turbines was estimated. Nigeria has huge proven reserves of natural gas which is the fuel for gas turbines. If we go for combined cycle power plants which have low specific fuel consumption (SFC), 50% of the natural gas reserves are enough to produce some 35 GW of electricity for over 50 years. The current rate of natural gas production can produce 27.06 GW of electricity at 0.06kg/s.MW sfc. It was also observed that the current installed power from gas turbines is too low compared to the power demand; hence, further installations are required. Pollution should not be an issue in installing more gas turbine plants because the gas turbine is a clean-burning engine and the present installed capacity is insignificant compared to what is obtainable in some advanced nations. The results in this work will guide gas turbine operators in planning for further installation of gas turbine power plants. The study does not rule out the need to exploit solar photovoltaic system and wind turbines in areas with high sunshine and high wind speeds respectively, for off-grid power production.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Fueled Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (03) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Hydrogen, reacting with oxygen, is a very energetic, non-polluting fuel. Can it be used as a fuel for gas turbines? Two successful and significant examples of its use are reviewed. Surplus renewable electrical energy from solar and wind could be used for electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to power gas turbine power plants. Serving as a means of energy storage, the hydrogen could be kept in caverns. It could also be added directly to natural gas pipeline systems serving gas turbine power plants, thus reducing greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Prediction of Gas Turbine On- and Off-Design Performance When Firing Coal-Derived Syngas

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

This paper describes a procedure used to model the performance of gas turbines designed to fire natural gas (or distillate oil) when fired on medium-BTU fuel, such as coal-derived syngas. Results from such performance studies can be used in the design or analysis of Gasification Combined-Cycle (GCC) power plants. The primary difficulty when firing syngas in a gas turbine designed for natural gas is the tendency to drive the compressor toward surge. If the gas turbine has sufficient surge margin and mechanical durability, Gas Turbine Evaluation code (GATE) simulations indicate that net output power can be increased on the order of 15% when firing syngas due to the advantageous increase in the ratio of the expander-to-compressor mass flow rates. Three classes of single-spool utility gas turbines are investigated spanning firing temperatures from 1985 F to 2500 F (1358 K to 1644 K). Performance simulations at a variety of part-load and ambient temperature conditions are described; the resulting performance curves are useful in GCC power plant studies.

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