Analysis of Circular Braiding Process, Part 1: Theoretical Investigation of Kinematics of the Circular Braiding Process

Circular braiding is a manufacturing process for making circular braided fabrics. Relative sliding of yarns during their interlacing motion introduces friction which limits the density of the braided fabric. A kinematic analysis is presented in this paper. Yarns’ absolute motion, relative sliding motion and twist motion in the convergent zone are found to be important quantities in braid kinematics that impact the final braid structure. The straight yarn assumption, which ignores the effect of interyarn forces, is analyzed in detail for its validity in calculating the braid angle. In Part 2 of this paper series a mechanics model is proposed to determine the braid angle by considering interlacing forces and their effects on the braided structure.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Circular Braiding Process, Part 2: Mechanics Analysis of the Circular Braiding Process and Experiment

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2832688 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 351-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Q. Zhang ◽

D. Beale ◽

R. M. Broughton ◽

S. Adanur

Keyword(s):

Algebraic Equation ◽

Kinematic Analysis ◽

Equilibrium Equations ◽

Friction Forces ◽

Final Structure ◽

Mechanics Model ◽

Mechanics Analysis ◽

Newton Raphson ◽

Braided Structure ◽

Raphson Method

The final structure of a braid is a consequence of force interactions among yarns in the convergent zone. In Part 1, the influence of friction forces on the final braided structure was discussed via kinematic analysis. A transformation from a 3-D cone to a 2-D plane was made for the mechanics analysis. A mechanics model is proposed in this paper to determine the braid angle by considering interlacing forces. Equilibrium equations for the braiding process are deduced. A Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the nonlinear algebraic equation set. Experiments have been conducted to produce braids at different machine speeds and with different tensions, and reveal that the mechanics model is potentially a better predictor of final braid structure than the kinematic analysis.

Download Full-text

Geometric design of the limaçon-to-circular fluid processing machine

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4050383 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Truong H. Phung ◽

Ibrahim A. Sultan

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Case Studies ◽

Theoretical Investigation ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Production Cost ◽

Radial Clearance ◽

Positive Displacement ◽

Tangent Method ◽

Proposed Modification ◽

New Machine

Abstract A limaçon machine is a rotary positive displacement device, in which the housing and rotor are constructed of limaçon of Pascal curves. Previous works have been published to investigate the working of these machines in two applications: gas expanders and compressors. This paper presents a theoretical investigation into the potential of modifying the rotor prole of the limaçon machines in order to simplify the machine's manufacturing process and to reduce production cost. The proposed modification will produce new characteristics for the housing-rotor interaction. An outcome that motivates the need to obtain new mathematical models to investigate the housing-rotor interference, and describe the volumetric relationships of the new machine. This paper sets out by introducing a background on the limaçon technology in a simple yet adequate fashion. The housing-rotor inference has been discussed from two different mathematical standpoints, i.e. the tangent method and the radial clearance method. The paper then introduces the volumetric relationship for the proposed modified machine and combines all the models produced in an optimisation endeavour to design the best machine for a given set of operating condition. Case studies of different fluid processing applications are considered to demonstrate the soundness of the proposed modifications and models. The outcome of this study confirms the validity of the proposed modification and its potential to produce a limaçon machine with favourable characteristics.

Download Full-text

A Computational Mechanics Model for the Brim Forming Process in Paperboard Container Manufacturing

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.1580527 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 125 (3) ◽

pp. 476-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. K. Ramasubramanian ◽

K. Muthuraman

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Process ◽

Element Model ◽

Realistic Model ◽

Plastic Behavior ◽

Displacement Curve ◽

Forming Process ◽

Die Geometry ◽

Mechanics Model ◽

Highly Nonlinear ◽

Container Manufacturing

The manufacturing process of brim forming in paperboard containers consists of taking a thin paperboard shell and forming a brim to provide additional stiffness to the structure. A paper cup is an example of such a structure manufactured at rates exceeding 300 units per minute. A realistic model for the manufacturing process is not available and the effects of process and material parameters are not well understood. In this study, a finite element model of this highly nonlinear problem is presented. The model takes into account the material orthotropy and nonlinear elastic-plastic behavior, die paperboard contact interaction during loading and unloading, and friction between the metal die and paperboard, die geometry, and environmental conditions. Model predictions of the force-displacement curve agree well with the experimentally observed results.

Download Full-text

Particularities in the Bi-Mobile Mechanical Systems Design

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.859.31 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 859 ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Adriana Comănescu ◽

Dinu Comănescu ◽

Ileana Dugăeşescu

Keyword(s):

Mechanism Design ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Kinematic Analysis ◽

Design Method ◽

Mechanical Systems ◽

Command And Control ◽

Systems Design ◽

Industrial Equipment ◽

Structural Synthesis ◽

And Control

The paper deals with the structural synthesis and kinematic analysis of bi-mobile mechanisms used in robotics and other industrial equipment when a suitable curve is necessary to be described in a manufacturing process. The design method is illustrated step by step for a bi-mobile mechanism design. The parameters obtained through the analysis of the inverse model may be used for the system command and control.

Download Full-text

Effects of the methylammonium ion substitution by 5-ammoniumvaleric acid in lead trihalide perovskite solar cells: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0nj02748k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (34) ◽

pp. 14642-14649

Author(s):

Rodrigo Urzúa-Leiva ◽

Amir Narymany Shandy ◽

Haibing Xie ◽

Mónica Lira-Cantú ◽

Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Theoretical Investigation ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Organic Cation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Ion Substitution

In the last decade, lead triiodide perovskite (APbI3) (A: organic cation) solar cells (PSCs) have been broadly studied due to their promising features related to the low cost, easy manufacturing process, and stability.

Download Full-text

Kinematic Approximations in TED and RHEED Analysis of Reconstructed Surfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135587 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 396-397

Author(s):

L. -M. Peng ◽

M. J. Whelan

Keyword(s):

Electron Diffraction ◽

Kinematic Analysis ◽

Incident Beam ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Electron ◽

Great Success ◽

High Energy Electron ◽

Kinematic Approximation ◽

Reconstructed Surfaces

In recent years there has been a trend in the structure determination of reconstructed surfaces to use high energy electron diffraction techniques, and to employ a kinematic approximation in analyzing the intensities of surface superlattice reflections. Experimentally this is motivated by the great success of the determination of the dimer adatom stacking fault (DAS) structure of the Si(111) 7 × 7 reconstructed surface.While in the case of transmission electron diffraction (TED) the validity of the kinematic approximation has been examined by using multislice calculations for Si and certain incident beam directions, far less has been done in the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) case. In this paper we aim to provide a thorough Bloch wave analysis of the various diffraction processes involved, and to set criteria on the validity for the kinematic analysis of the intensities of the surface superlattice reflections.The validity of the kinematic analysis, being common to both the TED and RHEED case, relies primarily on two underlying observations, namely (l)the surface superlattice scattering in the selvedge is kinematically dominating, and (2)the superlattice diffracted beams are uncoupled from the fundamental diffracted beams within the bulk.

Download Full-text

Identifying groups of airborne particles by ordination

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172012 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 856-857

Author(s):

M. Shlepr ◽

C. M. Vicroy

Keyword(s):

Elemental Analysis ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Spatial Representation ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

Common Source ◽

Data Set ◽

Microelectronics Industry ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Source Materials

The microelectronics industry is heavily tasked with minimizing contaminates at all steps of the manufacturing process. Particles are generated by physical and/or chemical fragmentation from a mothersource. The tools and macrovolumes of chemicals used for processing, the environment surrounding the process, and the circuits themselves are all potential particle sources. A first step in eliminating these contaminants is to identify their source. Elemental analysis of the particles often proves useful toward this goal, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a commonly used technique. However, the large variety of source materials and process induced changes in the particles often make it difficult to discern if the particles are from a common source.Ordination is commonly used in ecology to understand community relationships. This technique usespair-wise measures of similarity. Separation of the data set is based on discrimination functions. Theend product is a spatial representation of the data with the distance between points equaling the degree of dissimilarity.

Download Full-text