Artificial neural networks for voice activity detection Technology

Currently, the direction of voice biometrics is actively developing, which includes two related tasks of recognizing the speaker by voice: the verification task, which consists in determining the speaker's personality, and the identification task, which is responsible for checking the belonging of the phonogram to a particular speaker. An open question remains related to improving the quality of the verification identification algorithms in real conditions and reducing the probability of error. In this work study Voice activity detection algorithm is proposed, which is a modification of the algorithm based on pitch statistics; VAD is investigated as a component of a speaker recognition system by voice, and therefore the main purpose of its work is to improve the quality of the system as a whole. On the example of the proposed modification of the VAD algorithm and the energy-based VAD algorithm, the analysis of the influence of the choice on the quality of the speaker recognition system is carried out.

A New Way to Compute the Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents for Non-Smooth and Discontinues Dynamical Systems

One of the most important problems of nonlinear dynamics is related to the development of methods concerning the identification of the dynamical modes of the corresponding systems. The classical method is related to the calculation of the Lyapunov characteristic exponents ( LCEs ). Usually, to implement the classical algorithms for the LCEs calculation the smoothness of the right-hand sides of the corresponding equations is required. In this work, we propose a new algorithm for the LCEs computation in systems with strong nonlinearities (these nonlinearities can not be linearized ) including the hysteresis. This algorithm uses the values of the Jacobi matrix in the vicinity of singularities of the right-hand sides of the corresponding equations. The proposed modification of the algorithm is also can be used for systems containing such design hysteresis nonlinearity as the Preisach operator (thus, this modification can be used for all members of the hysteresis family). Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be successfully applied to the well-known chaotic systems with smooth nonlinearities . Examples of dynamical systems with hysteresis nonlinearities , such as the Lorentz system with hysteresis friction and the van der Pol oscillator with hysteresis block, are considered. These examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

IN-IDRIS: MODIFICATION OF IDRIS STEMMING ALGORITHM FOR INDONESIAN TEXT

Stemming has an important role in text processing. Stemming of each language is different and strongly affected by the type of text language. Besides that, each language has different rules in the use of words with an affix. A large number of the words used in the Indonesian language are formed by combining root words with affixes and other combining forms. One of the problems in Indonesian stemming is having different types of affixes, and also having some prefixes that changes according to the first letters of the root words. Implementing Idris stemmer for Indonesian text is of interest because Indonesia and Malaysia have the same language root. However, the results do not always produce the actual word, because the Idris algorithm first removes the prefix according to Rule 2. This elimination directly affected the Idris stemmer result when implemented to Indonesian text. In this study, we focus on a modified Idris stemmer (from Malay) to IN-Indris with Indonesia context. In order to test the proposed modification to the original algorithm, Indonesian online novels excerpts are used to measure the performance of IN-Idris.test was conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with other stemmers. From the experiment result, IN-Idris had an accuracy of approximately 82.81%. There was an increased accuracy up to 5.25% when compared to Idris accuracy. Moreover, the proposed stemmer is also running faster than Idris with a gap of speed of around 0.25 seconds. ABSTRAK: Stemming mempunyai peranan penting dalam pemprosesan teks. Stem setiap bahasa adalah berbeza dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis bahasa teks. Selain itu, setiap bahasa mempunyai peraturan yang berbeza dalam penggunaan kata dengan awalan. Sebilangan besar kata-kata yang digunakan dalam bahasa Indonesia dibentuk dengan menggabungkan kata akar dengan afiks dan bentuk gabungan lain. Salah satu masalah dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah mempunyai pelbagai jenis awalan, dan juga mempunyai beberapa awalan yang berubah sesuai dengan huruf pertama kata dasar. Menerapkan stemder Idris untuk teks Indonesia adalah minat kerana Indonesia dan Malaysia mempunyai akar bahasa yang sama. Namun, hasilnya tidak selalu menghasilkan kata yang sebenarnya, kerana algoritma Idris pertama kali menghapus awalan menurut Peraturan 2. Penghapusan ini secara langsung mempengaruhi hasil batang Idris ketika diterapkan ke teks Indonesia. Dalam kajian ini, kami memfokuskan pada stemmer Idris yang diubahsuai (dari bahasa Melayu) ke IN-Indris dengan konteks Indonesia. Untuk menguji cadangan pengubahsuaian pada algoritma asli, petikan novel dalam talian Indonesia digunakan untuk mengukur prestasi IN-Idris. Ujian dilakukan untuk membandingkan algoritma yang dicadangkan dengan stemmer lain. Dari hasil eksperimen, IN-Idris mempunyai ketepatan sekitar 82,81%, ada peningkatan ketepatan hingga 5,25% dibandingkan dengan ketepatan Idris. Selain itu, stemmer yang dicadangkan juga berjalan lebih cepat daripada Idris dengan jurang kelajuan sekitar 0.25 saat.

Robust Estimation of Deformation from Observation Differences Using Some Evolutionary Optimisation Algorithms

In this paper, an original modification of the generalised robust estimation of deformation from observation differences (GREDOD) method is presented with the application of two evolutionary optimisation algorithms, the genetic algorithm (GA) and generalised particle swarm optimisation (GPSO), in the procedure of robust estimation of the displacement vector. The iterative reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method is traditionally used to perform robust estimation of the displacement vector, i.e., to determine the optimal datum solution of the displacement vector. In order to overcome the main flaw of the IRLS method, namely, the inability to determine the global optimal datum solution of the displacement vector if displaced points appear in the set of datum network points, the application of the GA and GPSO algorithms, which are powerful global optimisation techniques, is proposed for the robust estimation of the displacement vector. A thorough and comprehensive experimental analysis of the proposed modification of the GREDOD method was conducted based on Monte Carlo simulations with the application of the mean success rate (MSR). A comparative analysis of the traditional approach using IRLS, the proposed modification based on the GA and GPSO algorithms and one recent modification of the iterative weighted similarity transformation (IWST) method based on evolutionary optimisation techniques is also presented. The obtained results confirmed the quality and practical usefulness of the presented modification of the GREDOD method, since it increased the overall efficiency by about 18% and can provide more reliable results for projects dealing with the deformation analysis of engineering facilities and parts of the Earth’s crust surface.

Real Time Sustainable Power Quality Analysis of Non-Linear Load under Symmetrical Conditions

Voltage sag is one of the most significant power quality problems in the industry and has a significant impact on induction motor safety and stability. This paper analyzes the characteristics of voltage dips in power systems and induction motors with a special emphasis on balanced dips with the help of virtual grids (regenerative grid simulator), as per IEC 61000-4-11. Three phase induction motors with 3.3 kW, 16 A coupled to a DC generator with 3.7 kW, and 7.8 A rated are considered for the test analysis. This paper aids in the development of an induction motor to achieve improved precision by taking different voltage sags into account. The experimental results benefit the design modifications of induction motors at industrial and other commercial levels of consumers regarding major power quality issues and the behavior of the induction motors. A proposed modification employing ANSYS is provided to further examine the precise performance of induction motors during sag events.

Control device synthesis by polynomial matrix fractional descriptions method with limitation on controller structure

Modification of the algorithm for the polynomial synthesis of a multi-channel controller was proposed to preserve all control channels in this article. In order to test the functionality of the proposed modification, an example of a linear model of an unstable multi-channel plant is considered. The choice of the plant was determined by the possibility of a visual algorithm demonstration for polynomial synthesis of the controller, taking into account the proposed modifications.The plant was represented as three series-connected standard links: an aperiodic link of the first order, an unstable link, and an integrator, and has three input and two output channels. The control in the system is carried out in the feedback of the system and is summed up with the input impact. The feature of the plant is to limit the task to the second output, since it is essentially a derivative of the first output. In addition, the plant has a direct input–output channel. That is, the traversal matrix of the system is nonzero (when described through the state space). The synthesis task was set as follows: it is necessary to achieve certain quality indicators of the output vector value while maintaining all three control channels of the plant.

Immobilized enzymes: a comprehensive review

Background This article is a comprehensive review of the events recorded in the history of enzymology from twentieth century to the recent work of author’s groups on different biochemical aspects of the immobilized enzymes. The review differs from those presented before on the basis that it is not limited to one or few aspects. It extends its spectrum to a large number of aspects from the definition to biomedical applications of immobilized enzymes. Main body The author and his associates have proposed modification of classification of immobilized enzymes by Enzyme Engineering Conference 1971. His groups have worked on cell bound proteases of medicinal seeds and have given them the name of “naturally immobilized enzymes”. Thus, the author proposes that the enzymes may be basically classified into “naturally immobilized enzymes” and “artificially immobilized enzymes”. The artificially immobilized enzymes may be further sub-classified as done in 1971. Conclusion The classification suggested above sounds logical and thus acceptable to the author and his associates. The author and his associates also suggest some applications on the basis of their results on naturally immobilized enzymes.

Increasing the sensitivity of real-time method for diagnostic of autogenerators phase synchronization based on their non-stationary time series

Purpose of this work is to of the research – Increasing the sensitivity of a method for diagnosing phase synchronization of autogenerators based on their non-stationary time series in real time, and also a comparison of the statistical properties of the proposed modification of the method with the well-known method for diagnostics of loop synchronization, which has proven itself in the analysis of experimental data. Methods.The paper compares the probabilities of the appearance of an error of the second kind of the developed modified method for diagnostics of phase synchronization with the probabilities of occurrence of an error of the second kind of the known method at equal values of sensitivity. When comparing the methods, generated test time realizations with a priori known boundaries of the phase synchronization sections are used, which repeat the statistical properties of the experimental data. It also compares the computational complexity of the two methods. Results. A modification of the method for diagnosing phase synchronization of autonomic regulation circuits in real time is proposed. It is shown that the proposed modification provides similar values of sensitivity and probability of appearance of errors of the second kind as the previously proposed approach. The developed method has less computational complexity than the previously proposed method. The values of free parameters corresponding to different values of sensitivity and probability of appearance of errors of the second kind are obtained. Conclusion. The area of application of the developed method with modification is formulated. The low computational complexity of the proposed method, as well as the possibility of switching devices to integer computations in calculations, makes it possible to use it for wearable registrations performing calculations in real time, based on small-sized low-power processors that do not support floating-point arithmetic operations.

The unfortunate regressivity of public natural disaster insurance: Quantifying distributional implications of EQC building cover for New Zealand

<p>This thesis examines the question “What have been the distributional implications of the setup of Earthquake Commission (EQC) building cover for New Zealand homeowners?” In New Zealand, the vast majority of property owners pay identical premiums for the benefit of the first $100,000 tranche of natural disaster cover per dwelling. The research provides a detailed quantification of the degree of regressivity of the scheme created by these flat premiums. Using EQC claims and property datasets relating to the Canterbury Earthquake Series, I test the hypothesis that wealthier homeowners are receiving more benefit. Wealth is identified by property value, income and a range of socio-economic variables collected from the most recent New Zealand Census before the earthquake series. In explaining EQC total dwelling payout by property value and by these socio-economic variables, the research shows there is a distributional implication to EQC’s building cover. This thesis includes a proposed modification to the premium structure of the scheme, whereby regressivity could be avoided. The research concludes with a survey of other public natural disaster insurance schemes worldwide, and identifies those likely to face similar regressivity issues.</p>

The unfortunate regressivity of public natural disaster insurance: Quantifying distributional implications of EQC building cover for New Zealand

<p>This thesis examines the question “What have been the distributional implications of the setup of Earthquake Commission (EQC) building cover for New Zealand homeowners?” In New Zealand, the vast majority of property owners pay identical premiums for the benefit of the first $100,000 tranche of natural disaster cover per dwelling. The research provides a detailed quantification of the degree of regressivity of the scheme created by these flat premiums. Using EQC claims and property datasets relating to the Canterbury Earthquake Series, I test the hypothesis that wealthier homeowners are receiving more benefit. Wealth is identified by property value, income and a range of socio-economic variables collected from the most recent New Zealand Census before the earthquake series. In explaining EQC total dwelling payout by property value and by these socio-economic variables, the research shows there is a distributional implication to EQC’s building cover. This thesis includes a proposed modification to the premium structure of the scheme, whereby regressivity could be avoided. The research concludes with a survey of other public natural disaster insurance schemes worldwide, and identifies those likely to face similar regressivity issues.</p>