Locomotive Friction-Creep Studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Logston ◽  
G. S. Itami

The utilization of available locomotive wheel-rail adhesion has been and continues to be an area of great concern to locomotive builders and railroads throughout the world. In 1976, EMD completed an extensive four-year research program initiated to investigate the relationship between wheel-rail friction and wheel creep on a locomotive wheel. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of this friction-creep study. Included is a discussion of the various conditions that affect the friction-creep relationship. Test sites, test-procedures, instrumentation, and data analysis methods are also discussed. The conclusions are aimed at providing an understanding of adhesion at the wheel-rail interface and how this pertains to locomotive utilization of that adhesion.

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah Latifah ◽  
Rofifa Dhia ‘Athifa

ABSTRAK Pada masa kontemporer ini, banyak masyarakat Muslim Indonesia yang berasumsi bahwa asuransi merupakan pilihan yang terbaik. Karena mereka menganggap bahwa asuransi dapat menjamin kehidupan mereka. Namun, hal ini kurang dibenarkan dalam syari’ah Islam karena asuransi yang mereka gunakan adalah asuransi konvensional. Yang mana didalamnya terdapat permasalahan-permasalahan seperti gharar dan maisir yang sangat bertentangan dengan syari’ah Islam. Maka dari itu perlu diadakannya Islamisasi dalam konsep asuransi konvensional yang ada, sehingga asuransi konvensional yang ada di Indonesia dapat berubah sesuai dengan konsep asuransi dalam Islam (asuransi syari’ah). Adapun metode kajian yang digunakan dalam membahas permasalahan ini yaitu penelitian literatur. Data dalam penelitian ini didapat dengan menggunakan metode dokumenter, untuk mencari data-data tentang konsep asuransi konvensional dan konsep, teori serta proses Islamisasi Naquib al-Attas dan Isma’il Raji al-Faruqi yang bersumber dari buku, jurnal, internet, dan makalah. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah induktif, deduktif, dan analisis deskriptif komparatif. Proses Islamisasi yang diterapkan terhadap konsep asuransi konvensional dengan menggunakan proses Islamisasi yang dipaparkan oleh Al-Attas, yaitu pertama, dengan menghapus konsep-konsep dan nilai-nilai Barat didalam konsep asuransi, seperti konsep uang hangus, konsep riba, konsep gharar dan maisir, akad tabaduli. Dan kedua, memasukkan konsep-konsep dan nilai-nilai Islam kedalamnya, seperti konsep akad takafuli, tabarru’, mudharabah, konsep amanah, dan konsep pengawasan terhadap asuransi yang dijalankan. Sehingga jika proses Islamisasi ini diterapkan kepada semua konsep asuransi konvensional di seluruh Indonesia, bahkan dunia maka semua akan berubah menjadi konsep asuransi yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Kata Kunci: Al-Attas; Asuransi; Islamisasi ABSTRACT In this contemporary period, many Indonesian Muslim communities assume that insurance is the best choice. Because they assume that insurance can guarantee their lives. But, this is not justified in Islamic shari'ah because the insurance they use is conventional insurance. Which there many problems in its such as gharar and maisir which are very contrary to the Islamic shari'ah. Therefore it is necessary to hold Islamization in the existing conventional insurance concept, so that conventional insurance in Indonesia can change in accordance with the concept of insurance in Islam. The study method used in discussing this problem is literature research. The data in this study were obtained by using the documentary method, to find data on conventional insurance concepts and the concepts, theories and processes of Islamization of Naquib al-Attas and Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi sourced from books, journals, the internet, and papers. The data analysis methods used are inductive, deductive, and comparative descriptive analysis. Islamization applied to the concept of conventional insurance by using the Islamization process described by Al-Attas, first, by removing Western concepts and values in the concept of insurance, such as the concept of charred money, the concept of usury, the concept of gharar and maisir, and contract tabaduli. And second, incorporating Islamic concepts and values into them, such as the concept of akad takafuli, tabarru', mudharabah, amanah concept, and the concept of supervision of insurance that is carried out. So if this Islamization is applied to the all conventional insurance in the world, then everything will turn out to be an insurance concept that is in accordance with Islamic values. Keyword: Al-Attas; Islamization; Insurance


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 4783-4789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Mabbott ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Royston Goodacre

Reproducibility of SERS signal acquired from thin films developed in-house and commercially has been assessed using seven data analysis methods.


2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. e22-e23
Author(s):  
Karen A. Monsen ◽  
Karen S. Martin ◽  
Bonnie L Westra

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Higuera ◽  
Daniel G. Gavin ◽  
Patrick J. Bartlein ◽  
Douglas J. Hallett

Over the past several decades, high-resolution sediment–charcoal records have been increasingly used to reconstruct local fire history. Data analysis methods usually involve a decomposition that detrends a charcoal series and then applies a threshold value to isolate individual peaks, which are interpreted as fire episodes. Despite the proliferation of these studies, methods have evolved largely in the absence of a thorough statistical framework. We describe eight alternative decomposition models (four detrending methods used with two threshold-determination methods) and evaluate their sensitivity to a set of known parameters integrated into simulated charcoal records. Results indicate that the combination of a globally defined threshold with specific detrending methods can produce strongly biased results, depending on whether or not variance in a charcoal record is stationary through time. These biases are largely eliminated by using a locally defined threshold, which adapts to changes in variability throughout a charcoal record. Applying the alternative decomposition methods on three previously published charcoal records largely supports our conclusions from simulated records. We also present a minimum-count test for empirical records, which reduces the likelihood of false positives when charcoal counts are low. We conclude by discussing how to evaluate when peak detection methods are warranted with a given sediment–charcoal record.


2014 ◽  
Vol 439 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja von der Linden ◽  
Mark T. Allen ◽  
Douglas E. Applegate ◽  
Patrick L. Kelly ◽  
Steven W. Allen ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahid Ehtemami ◽  
Rollin Scott ◽  
Shonda Bernadin

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