Fracture Mechanics Applied to Elevated Temperature Crack Growth

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Jordan ◽  
G. J. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Strain Intensity ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Hastelloy X ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Tubular Specimens ◽  
Temperature Crack

Twenty-six isothermal crack growth tests were performed on Hastelloy-X tubular specimens at a variety of temperatures and strain ranges. Conditions were selected to include nominally elastic and nominally plastic conditions. A number of parameters including the stress intensity factor, strain intensity factor, J-integral, Crack Opening Displacement, and Tompkins model were examined for their ability to correlate the data. Test conditions were selected such that growth rates at a single value of the parameter were obtained at radically different crack lengths, thus exploring the geometry independence of the correlating parameter. None of the parameters were fully satisfactory. However, COD calculated from J-integral appeared to be the most successful.

J-Integral and Crack Opening Displacement as Crack Initiation Criteria in Rubber

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Lee ◽  
J. A. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Carbon Black Content ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Growth Initiation

Abstract 1. Evaluation of ∫σdδ where σ is the net section stress and δ is the deformed crack tip diameter requires only one specimen to characterize the initiation of crack growth in unfilled and carbon-black-filled NR. 2. ∫σdδ is equal to one half of the J-integral for crack growth initiation, which is identical to the Thomas tearing energy for a blunt notch. 3. The critical J-integral for crack initiation increases linearly with carbon black content. 4. The critical crack tip radius for crack initiation is independent of carbon black content, and the required crack tip region stress increases linearly with carbon black content.

Effect of Cold Expansion on Crack Opening Displacement and Stress Intensity Factor

2009 ◽  
Vol 417-418 ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Yong Shou Liu ◽  
Bing Wang Gou ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Zhu Feng Yue
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Opening Displacement ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Cold Expansion

Two-dimensional (2D) finite element analyses have been carried out to study the crack opening displacement and stress intensity factor of a cracked centre-hole plate. With the different interference levels (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and acted by residual stress caused by cold expansion, the crack opening displacement, the stress intensity factor and J-integral around the crack tip is presented. With the different interference levels and acted by different applied loads , the crack opening displacement, the stress intensity and J-integral around the crack tip is also presented. The results of the 2D FEM analysis show, 1) with the different interference levels and acted by residual stress caused by cold expansion, the crack mouth is throughout closed and the middle part is open, but the opening displacement is constant; 2) under some applied loads, with the interference levels up, the stress intensity factor on the crack tip and J-integral, become weak gradually, then they keep constant values; 3) with the interference increases, the stress intensity factor and J-integral decreases. When the interference increases a certain value, the stress intensity factor and J-integral do not decrease and keep constant values.

The Fracture Toughness of Hardened Tool Steels

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Watt ◽  
Pamela Nadin ◽  
S. B. Biner
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Toughness Testing

This report details the development of a three-stage fracture toughness testing procedure used to study the effect of tempering temperature on toughness in 01 tool steel. Modified compact tension specimens were used in which the fatigue precracking stage in the ASTM E-399 Procedure was replaced by stable precracking, followed by a slow crack growth. The specimen geometry has been designed to provide a region where slow crack growth can be achieved in brittle materials. Three parameters, load, crack opening displacement, and time have been monitored during the testing procedure and a combination of heat tinting and a compliance equation have been used to identify the position of the crack front. Significant KIC results have been obtained using a modified ASTM fracture toughness equation. An inverse relationship between KIC and hardness has been measured.

scholarly journals The Use of the Acoustic Emission Method to Identify Crack Growth in 40CrMo Steel

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Krampikowska ◽  
Robert Pała ◽  
Ihor Dzioba ◽  
Grzegorz Świt
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Ae Signals

The article presents the application of the acoustic emission (AE) technique for detecting crack initiation and examining the crack growth process in steel used in engineering structures. The tests were carried out on 40CrMo steel specimens with a single edge notch in bending (SENB). In the tests crack opening displacement, force parameter, and potential drop signal were measured. The fracture mechanism under loading was classified as brittle. Accurate AE investigations of the cracking process and SEM observations of the fracture surfaces helped to determine that the cracking process is a more complex phenomenon than the commonly understood brittle fracture. The AE signals showed that the frequency range in the initial stage of crack development and in the further crack growth stages vary. Based on the analysis of parameters and frequencies of AE signals, it was found that the process of apparently brittle fracture begins and ends according to the mechanisms characteristic of ductile crack growth. The work focuses on the comparison of selected parameters of AE signals recorded in the pre-initiation phase and during the growth of brittle fracture cracking.

A Study of the Stress Intensity Factor and Crack Opening Displacement Relationship Between Uniform Thickness Pipe Bends and Non-Uniform Thickness Pipe Bends

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Dong Bae ◽  
Chul-Goo Kim ◽  
Seung-Jae Kim ◽  
Hyun-Jae Lee ◽  
Yun-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Crack Opening Displacement ◽  
Elastic Stress ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Thickness Variations

This paper proposes the relationship of stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement between pipe bends with uniform thickness and those with non-uniform thickness. In actual case, pipe bends have thickness variations. Unlike typical pipe bends, heat induction bend pipes have significant thickness variations (non-uniform thickness) because of manufacturing process. When the ratio of radius of curvature and pipe radius is 3 for heat induction bend pipes, the thickness at intrados and extrados can be calculated by 1.75 times and 0.875 times of nominal thickness which is original thickness before manufacturing process, respectively. In this situation, it is difficult to apply existing elastic stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement results [1, 2] and it is essential to modify existing solution or to create new solution. In this paper, to find effect of pipe bends thickness variation, 90° through-wall cracked pipe bends with not only uniform thickness but also non-uniform thickness are considered. The ratios of radius and thickness are 5, 10 and ratios of pipe radius of curvature and radius are 3, 4 and 5. Loading condition is in-plane opening bending for intrados crack and closing bending for extrados crack. The through-wall crack sizes are 12.5%, 25% and 37.5% of circumferential cross section. Material of pipe bends is assumed to follow elastic behavior. The proposal is made by extensive finite elements analyses using ABAQUS [3], predicted elastic stress intensity factors for pipe bends with non-uniform thickness are compared with finite element results. The results show a good agreement. It may be useful to calculate elastic stress intensity factor for bends with non-uniform thickness without complex modeling and finite analyses.

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