Influence of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Intermittent Flow on Hydraulic Sand Dune Migration in Horizontal Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Chokri Touati
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Particle Mobility ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Gas Ratio

This paper presents an experimental study of three-phase flows (air-water-sand) inside a horizontal pipe. The results obtained aim to enhance the fundamental understanding of sand transportation due to saltation in the presence of a gas-liquid two-phase intermittent flow. Sand dune pitch, length, height, and front velocity were measured using high-speed video photography. Four flow compositions with differing gas ratios, including hydraulic conveying, were assessed for sand transportation, having the same mixture velocity. For the test conditions under analysis, it was found that the gas ratio did not affect the average dune front velocity. However, for intermittent flows, the sand bed was transported further downstream relative to hydraulic conveying. It was also observed that the slug body significantly influences sand particle mobility. The physical mechanism of sand transportation was found to be discontinuous with intermittent flows. The sand dune local velocity (within the slug body) was measured to be three times higher than the averaged dune velocities, due to turbulent enhancement within the slug body.

Influence of Slug Flow on Hydraulic Sand Dune Migration in Horizontal Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Chokri Touati
Keyword(s):  
Slug Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Particle Mobility ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Slug Flows ◽  
Gas Ratio

This paper presents an experimental study of three phase flows (air-water-sand) inside a horizontal pipe. The results obtained aim to enhance the fundamental understanding of sand transportation due to saltation in the presence of slug flow. Sand dune pitch, height and front velocity were measured using high-speed video photography. Four flow compositions with differing gas ratios, including hydraulic conveying, were assessed for sand transportation, having the same mixture velocity. For the test conditions under analysis, it was found that the gas ratio did not affect the average dune front velocity. However, for slug flows, the sand bed was transported further downstream relative to hydraulic conveying. It was also observed that the slug body significantly influences sand particle mobility. The physical mechanism of sand transportation was found to be discontinuous with slug flows. The sand dune local velocity (inside the slug body) was measured to be three times higher than the averaged dune velocities.

Influence of Pipeline Inclination on Hydraulic Conveying of Sand Particles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Nossair ◽  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Afshin Goharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Load Transport ◽  
Bed Load Transport ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Dune Dynamics

The understanding of sand particle transport by fluids in pipelines is of importance for the drilling of horizontal and inclined hydrocarbon production wells, topside process facilities, infield pipelines, and trunk lines. Previous studies on hydraulic conveying of sand particles in pipelines have made significant contributions to the understanding of multiphase flow patterns, pressure drop and particle transport rate in horizontal pipelines. However, due to the complexity of the flow structure resulting from liquid-sand interactions, the mechanisms responsible for bed-load transport flow for hydraulic conveying of sand particles have not been extensively studied in inclined pipelines. This paper presents an experimental investigation of hydraulic conveying of sand particles resulting from a stationary flat bed in both horizontal and +3.6 degree upward inclined pipelines. The characteristics of sand transportation by saltation from an initial sand bed are experimentally visualized using a transparent Plexiglas pipeline and high-speed digital photography. The dune formation process is assessed as a function of pipeline orientation. Based on the visualized dune morphology, pipeline inclination is found to have a significant influence on hydraulic conveying of sand dune dynamics (i.e., dune velocity), as well as sand dune geometry (i.e., dune pitch and characteristic dune angles).

Investigation on Sand Particle Impingement on Steel Pipe in Two Phase Flow Using Acoustic Emission Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 540-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Alej ◽  
David Mba ◽  
Ting Hu Yan ◽  
Shuib Husin
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity ◽  
Experimental Findings

This paper presents an experimental investigation that employed the acoustic emission (AE) technology to monitor sand transportation in two-phase flow. This investigation was undertaken on two phase (air-sand) flow in a horizontal pipe for varying Superficial Gas Velocities (VSG). The objective of this research programme is to develop a simple, non-invasive technique for monitoring of sand particle concentration levels in multi-phase flow conditions. The experimental findings show that AE absolute energy can be correlated with the size of sand, number of sand particles and Superficial Gas Velocity (VSG).

scholarly journals Efficient Preparation of Bafilomycin A1 from Marine Streptomyces lohii Fermentation Using Three-Phase Extraction and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Xiaoping He ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Xingwang Zhang ◽  
Zhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Bafilomycin A1 ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Lower Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Counter Current

An efficient strategy was developed for the rapid separation and enrichment of bafilomycin A1 (baf A1) from a crude extract of the marine microorganism Streptomyces lohii fermentation. This strategy comprises liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) with a three-phase solvent system (n-hexane–ethyl acetate–acetonitrile–water = 7:3:5:5, v/v/v/v) followed by separation using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The results showed that a 480.2-mg fraction of baf A1-enriched extract in the middle phase of the three-phase solvent system was prepared from 4.9 g of crude extract after two consecutive one-step operations. Over 99% of soybean oil, the main hydrophobic waste in the crude extract, and the majority of hydrophilic impurities were distributed in the upper and lower phase, respectively. HSCCC was used with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane–acetonitrile–water (15:8:12, v/v/v) to isolate and purify baf A1 from the middle phase fraction, which yielded 77.4 mg of baf A1 with > 95% purity within 90 min. The overall recovery of baf A1 in the process was determined to be 95.7%. The use of a three-phase solvent system represents a novel strategy for the simultaneous removal of hydrophobic oil and hydrophilic impurities from a microbial fermentation extract.

Bubble Behaviour in Three Phase Capillary Microreactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J Simmons ◽  
David C Y Wong ◽  
Paul J Travers ◽  
James S Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Microchannel Reactors ◽  
Flow Maps ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Monolith Reactors ◽  
Produce Flow ◽  
Churn Flow

Two-phase flow characteristics in vertical capillary downflow were investigated in order to obtain understanding of the behaviour of three-phase monolith reactors. Experiments were conducted using air and dyed water in round and square capillary tubes of 2 mm and 3 mm diameter. The flow regimes and transitions observed were recorded using high speed videography and this data was used to produce flow maps for each tube. The gas and liquid superficial velocities used ranged from 0.001 to 10 m/s and 0.0001 to 1 m/s respectively. The flow regimes and their transitions were found to be a strong function of tube geometry and surface tension effects, and some differences were observed between capillaries of round and square section. This has significant implications for the design of microchannel reactors. Annular, slug-annular, slug, bubbly and churn flow regimes were observed in the round tubes; channelling/irregular flow was observed in the square tubes in place of annular and slug-annular flow.

A Review of Transient Electrical Upsets in Induction Motors and Their Effects on Centrifugal Compressors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moeller ◽  
Anand Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Three Phase

For several decades in the process industry, critical plant operations demanding continuous run time have used high speed turbocompressors, most commonly driven by induction motors. Transient disturbances, caused by grid and motor-terminal upsets, are common occurrences in three-phase induction motors. Such upsets can arise during start-up as well as steady state operating conditions, and can have an impact on the driven equipment. Common upset conditions include startup line bursts, voltage unbalances, two-phase & three-phase short circuits, and bus-transfers & reclosures. These transient upsets not only impact the motor, but also have a torsional influence on the motor-compressor drive-train. Understanding the significance of these upsets, and how it impacts the driven equipment is thus an important part of machinery design and the component selection process for centrifugal compressors. This paper presents a qualitative approach to analyzing these transient conditions arising from induction motors, and the resulting effects on driven equipment such as centrifugal compressors. As the compression industry continues to develop into a globally integrated market, it becomes even more important to understand these effects; to ensure that a consistent global strategy exists to control these upsets and to mitigate some of the ill-effects resulting from torsional bursts on the drive train. A review of the current industry standards and mitigation techniques has also been presented.

scholarly journals The Influence on Response of a Combined Capacitance Sensor in Horizontal Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Lingfu Kong ◽  
Beibei Xie ◽  
Xin Fang ◽  
Weihang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Capacitance Sensor ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut

In the process of production logging interpretation, a water cut is one of the key factors to obtain the oil phase content in the oil well. In order to measure the water cut of the horizontal oil–water two-phase flow with low yield, the response characteristics of the combined capacitance sensor (CCS) are investigated under different flow patterns. Firstly, the measuring principles of coaxial, cylindrical, and CCS are introduced in detail. Then, according to the different flow pattern conditions of the horizontal oil–water two-phase flow, the response characteristics of the CCS are simulated and analyzed using the finite element method. Additionally, compared with the other two sensors, the advantages of the CCS are verified. Finally, the temperature and pressure calibration experiments are carried out on the CCS. The horizontal oil–water two-phase flow patterns in a low yield liquid level are divided in detail with a high-speed camera. Dynamic experiments are carried out in a horizontal pipe with an inner diameter of 125 mm on the horizontal oil–water two-phase flow experimental equipment. The simulation and experimental results show that the CCS has good response characteristics under different working conditions.

scholarly journals CNN-Based Volume Flow Rate Prediction of Oil–Gas–Water Three-Phase Intermittent Flow from Multiple Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Jinku Li ◽  
Delin Hu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Maomao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Superficial Velocity ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Oil Gas

In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based method using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the volume flow rates of individual phases in the oil–gas–water three-phase intermittent flow simultaneously by analyzing the measurement data from multiple sensors, including a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a Venturi tube and a microwave sensor. To build datasets, a series of experiments for the oil–gas–water three-phase intermittent flow in a horizontal pipe, in which gas volume fraction and water-in-liquid ratio ranges are 23.77–94.45% and 14.95–86.97%, respectively, and gas flow superficial velocity and liquid flow superficial velocity ranges are 0.66–5.23 and 0.27–2.14 m/s, respectively, have been carried out on a test loop pipeline. The preliminary results indicate that the model can provide relative prediction errors on the testing-1 dataset for the volume flow rates of oil-phase, gas-phase and water-phase within ±10% with 94.49%, 92.56% and 95.71% confidence levels, respectively. Additionally, the prediction results on the testing-2 dataset also demonstrate the generalization ability of the model. The consuming time of a prediction with one sample is 0.43 s on an Intel Xeon CPU E5-2678 v3, and 0.01 s on an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti GPU. Hence, the proposed CNN-based prediction model, which can fulfill the real-time application requirements in the petroleum industry, reveals the potential of using deep learning to obtain accurate results in the multiphase flow measurement field.

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