Quantification of Perceived Environmental Friendliness for Vehicle Silhouette Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira N. Reid ◽  
Richard D. Gonzalez ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Objective Metrics

Quantification of subjective attributes expressed as functions of design variables is a significant challenge in creating product design optimization models. For example, the objective assessment of a vehicle’s environmental friendliness is typically based on fuel economy and emissions. But some design variables such as a vehicle’s silhouette (two-dimensional body shape) may create a subjective perception of environmental friendliness, which may impact consumer preference along with objective metrics. In this paper, we show a method for assessing subjective attributes in the context of design attributes. We focus on perceived environmental friendliness (PEF) and we develop a model of PEF as a function of vehicle silhouette shape variables. The modeling process consists of stimuli development using design of experiments, survey design including direct assessment of the key subjective attribute PEF, elicitation of consumer preference, measurement of purported subjective mechanisms (for the PEF case, whether the design is “inspired by nature”), measurement of respondent characteristics (for the PEF case, environmental attitudes and demographics), statistical analysis of data, and validation. Results for the PEF example indicate that silhouettes perceived as environmentally friendly are the most preferred. Design variables that correlated with PEF were identified and used to generate new designs, which were validated in a follow-up study. Implications of using the general methodology in engineering design are discussed.

A Methodology for Quantifying the Perceived Environmental Friendliness of Vehicle Silhouettes in Engineering Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Reid ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
Panos Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Design Attributes

Methods from psychology and engineering are used to quantify subjective, or perceptual, design attributes of artifacts. A modeling framework of perceptual attributes suitable for inclusion in design optimization is presented. The framework includes stimuli development based on design of experiments, survey design, and statistical analysis of data. The proposed modeling method is demonstrated on a subjective attribute we call ‘perceived environmental friendliness’ using vehicle silhouettes as a case study.

scholarly journals Support received by family members before, at and after an ill person’s death

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna O’Sullivan ◽  
Anette Alvariza ◽  
Joakim Öhlén ◽  
Cecilia Larsdotter
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Advanced Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bereaved Family

Abstract Background It is widely recognised, that family members are central to care of people with advanced illness, and that support should be provided to all family members in need thereof. The aim of this study was to investigate family members’ experiences of support received during the last three months of life, at the time of death and after the death of a person with advanced illness. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey design was employed, using the VOICES(SF) questionnaire and multiple methods for data analyses. The sample consisted of 485 bereaved family members (aged: 20–90 years old, 70% women) of people who died in hospital between August 2016-April 2017. Results Of the family members, 58,8% reported they had received enough help and support during the illness, whereas 30,2% had not. Family members’ comments about support during the illness were mainly related to care the ill person had or had not received, rather than about support they themselves received. Of all family members, 52,8% reported having had enough support at the time of the ill person’s death. Related to support at death, 14,6% reported that the imminence of death was not clear, which was described as having affected their opportunity to be with the dying person at the time of death. Of all, 25,2% had a follow-up conversation after the death, 48% did not and did not want to, and 21% had no follow-up conversation, but would have liked one. A follow-up conversation was described as helpful for the bereavement process, and disappointment was expressed when not receiving support after the death. Conclusions Family members’ experiences of support were partly related to whether the ill person’s care needs were fulfilled. Healthcare staff expressing empathy and respect in the care of dying people and their family members were important for family members’ experiences of support. Family members’ difficulty recognising that death was imminent and the importance of healthcare staff providing them with clear information were expressed in connection with support at death. Follow-up conversations were valued by family members, especially if with a healthcare professional who was present at the time of death.

Helping Motives in Late Modern Society: values and attitudes among nursing students

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
May-Karin Rognstad ◽  
Per Nortvedt ◽  
Olaf Aasland
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Patient Factor

This article reports a follow-up study of Norwegian nursing students entitled ‘The helping motive -an important goal for choosing nursing education’. It presents and discusses a significant ambiguity within the altruistic helping motive of 301 nursing students in the light of classical and modern virtue ethics. A quantitative longitudinal survey design was used to study socialization and building professional identity. The follow-up study began after respondents had completed more than two-and-a-half years of the three-year educational programme. Data were collected using a questionnaire with closed questions, supplemented by 18 semi-structured, in-depth, audiotaped interviews. A motive such as ‘desire for human contact/to help others’ appeared to be highly significant. The research questions employed were: What motivates nursing students at the end of their studies to help other people? What does helping others mean for nursing students? Factor analysis revealed two factors. Factor 1 can be expressed as an altruism factor and factor 2 can be interpreted as an ‘acknowledgement-from-the-patient factor’ that in fact indicates an ambiguity within the helping motive itself. Findings from the interviews also reveal ambiguous helping motives. On one hand the students want to be altruistic and on the other they wish to receive positive feedback from patients when giving help. The findings indicate that this positive feedback is essential to the students in order for them to provide altruistic care.

scholarly journals Simulating the M–R Relation from APF Follow-up of TESS Targets: Survey Design and Strategies for Overcoming Mass Biases

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Burt ◽  
Brad Holden ◽  
Angie Wolfgang ◽  
L. G. Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
R Relation

scholarly journals Structural Assessment of Scars Using Optical Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
L. van Haasterecht ◽  
Paul P. M. van Zuijlen ◽  
ML. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Optical Techniques ◽  
Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Precise Quantification ◽  
Resolution Imaging

AbstractThe evaluation of scar treatment benefits from exact structural measurements. Accurate assessment of thickness, surface area, and relief is crucial in routine clinical follow-up. From an experimental perspective, precise visualization of the microstructural organization is necessary for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathological scarring. Structural proteins in scars differ from healthy skin in terms of amount, type, and importantly, organization. The precise quantification of this extracellular matrix (ECM) organization was, until recently, limited to two-dimensional images from fixated and stained tissue. Advances in optical techniques now allow high-resolution imaging of these structures, in some cases in vivo. The enormous potential of these techniques as objective assessment tools is illustrated by a substantial increase in available devices. This chapter describes currently used devices and techniques used in the clinical follow-up of scar progression from a volumetric standpoint. Furthermore, some of the most powerful techniques for microstructural research are described including optical coherence tomography, nonlinear optical techniques such as second harmonic generation microscopy, and confocal microscopy.

scholarly journals Perception of usefulness of laboratory tests ordering by internal medicine residents in ambulatory setting: A single-center prospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250769
Author(s):  
Dimitria Doi ◽  
Romulo Ribeiro do Vale ◽  
Jean Michell Correia Monteiro ◽  
Glauco Cabral Marinho Plens ◽  
Mario Ferreira Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Test Ordering

The demand for high value health care uncovered a steady trend in laboratory tests ordering and inappropriate testing practices. Residents’ training in laboratory ordering practice provides an opportunity for quality improvement. We collected information on demographics, the main reason for the appointment, preexisting medical conditions and presence of co-morbidities from first-visit patients to the internal medicine outpatient service of our university general hospital. We also collected information on all laboratory tests ordered by the attending medical residents. At a follow-up visit, we recorded residents’ subjective perception on the usefulness of each ordered laboratory test for the purposes of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment or screening. We observed that 17.3% of all ordered tests had no perceived utility by the attending resident. Tests were usually ordered to exclude differential diagnoses (26.7%) and to help prognosis estimation (19.1%). Age and co-morbidity influenced the chosen category to legitimate usefulness of tests ordering. This study suggests that clinical objectives (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment or prevention) as well as personalization to age and previous health conditions should be considered before test ordering to allow a more appropriate laboratory tests ordering, but further studies are necessary to examine this framework beyond this medical training scenario.

Abstract TMP84: Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube, but not Tracheostomy, Predicts 30-Day Readmissions in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Analysis of the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Hays Shapshak ◽  
John P Donnelly ◽  
Farhaan Vahidy ◽  
Karen C Albright
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Percutaneous Gastrostomy ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Peg Tube

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is associated with substantial disability, accounting for considerable resource utilization among stroke survivors. Debate exists about the timing and utilization of tracheostomy (Trach) and percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement in sICH patients. We hypothesized that sICH survivors with PEG and/or Trach would have higher odds of 30-day readmission. Methods: We analyzed the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database, a nationally representative sample of hospital discharges. Patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of sICH (ICD-9 code 431) were included in the analysis. Repeat, pediatric, same-day events, head trauma, AVM/fistula, and discharges occurring in December were excluded. Patients who received PEG and/or Trach were identified using published algorithms. We defined readmission as any admission within 30-days of index hospitalization discharge. Odds ratios for 30-day readmission comparing exposed versus unexposed were estimated with adjustment for demographics, risk factors, and concurrent illness. All analyses were performed using survey design variables. Results: Among the 32,715 sICH index hospitalizations, 3,480 (10.6%) received a PEG and 1806 (5.5%) received a Trach. Overall 4,320 (13.2%) were readmitted within 30 days (PEG 20.5%, trach 18.9%). In the fully adjusted models, sICH patients with PEG had higher odds of readmission (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.14-1.80), while patients with trach did not (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.54-1.11). Predictors of readmission among individuals with and without PEG and Trach will be presented. Conclusions: sICH patients who underwent PEG placement had higher odds of 30-day readmission while patients receiving Trach did not. This finding suggests that heightened post-discharge surveillance of individuals receiving PEG may be warranted.

A Follow-Up Study of the Indicators of Teaching Presence Critical to Students in Online Courses

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Sheridan ◽  
Melissa A. Kelly ◽  
David T. Bentz
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Teaching Presence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Follow Up Study

The purpose of the study presented in this chapter was to examine students’ perceptions of the importance of various indicators of teaching presence for their success in online courses. A cross-sectional survey design was used to identify the indicators that students perceived to be most important and to determine whether there were potential differences between graduate students and undergraduate students in terms of the students’ perceptions. Although the indicators that students rated as most important were similar for both groups of students, there were statistically significant differences for a few of the indicators. Students’ comments suggested additional indicators and provided insights about the importance of dispositions in online courses.

Social Software for Business Process Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-322
Author(s):  
Agnes Koschmider ◽  
Minseok Song ◽  
Hajo A Reijers
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Social Software ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Formal Business

Formal models of business processes are used for a variety of purposes. But where the elicitation of the characteristics of a business process usually takes place in a collaborative fashion, the building of the final, formal process model is done mostly by a single person. This article presents the design and Implementation of a Recommendation-Based Process Modeling Support System with ‘social features.’ A process builder using this system will receive recommendations to complete or edit a formal business process model on the basis of previous usage of modeling fragments by her peers. Such features potentially Improve the modeling process and, as such, the modeling outcome, that is, the quality of the process model. This article also contains an evaluation of the system's usage and effectiveness, which builds on an experimental design. It is shown that process builders are inclined to follow up on the provided recommendations and that this will improve the semantical quality of the created model. However, Information on peer usage of modeling fragments does not play a big role in selecting the recommendations being followed up. This article fits within a stream of research that puts emphasis on the modeling process, rather than on the model artifact.

The diaphysial axis – metacarpal head angle in the management of fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 984-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Al-Qattan ◽  
M. I. Al-Motairi ◽  
H. A. Al-Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Lateral Deviation ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Metacarpal Head ◽  
Current Series ◽  
A Prospective Study

The diaphysial axis – metacarpal head angle (DHA) is the angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the diaphysis of the proximal phalanx and central point of the metacarpal head. The normal DHA ranges from 177.1° and 180.0°. There were no significant differences between DHA measurements when taken by the same observer at two separate occasions ( P = 0.986) or when taken by two different observers ( P = 0.948). We have put an algorithm of management of paediatric phalangeal base fractures incorporating the DHA in the decision making. A prospective study of 92 children (5–14 years) with phalangeal base fractures was conducted. Closed reduction was possible in all but one case in which open reduction and K-wire fixation was required. Closed reduction of the remaining 91 fractures yielded a ‘good’ reduction in 80 cases (no finger deformity on clinical examination with a post-reduction DHA greater than 177°). After a mean follow-up of 4.2 months, all these 80 cases qualified for an excellent outcome as per Al-Qattan’s criteria. The remaining 11 children were considered to have an ‘acceptable’ reduction (no scissoring, but there was a mild residual lateral deviation of the finger with a DHA angle of 169.4° to 176.2°). At a mean follow-up of 28 months, all these 11 mal-united fractures remodelled with normalization of the DHA; and all 11 children qualified for an excellent outcome as per Al-Qattan’s criteria. The current series stresses on the advantages of using DHA in the objective assessment of paediatric phalangeal base fractures and demonstrates the remodelling of fractures with about 10° of lateral deviation.

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