Review of Corrosion Role in Gas Pipeline and Some Methods for Preventing It

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karami
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Cathodic Potential ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Product Flow ◽  
Periodic Inspections

Nowadays, pipelines are the most important transportation artery and researches indicate that the pipelines will be a secure tool for energy transmission for over 50 years, which is more significant for petrochemical, oil, and gas industries. The large part of chemical fluids, especially natural gas, transmits with pipelines. These pipelines manufactured with large pipes that they can bear high pressures about several thousand kilogram per cubic centimeter. The gas pressure is obtained by high pressure station in long distances. The function of gas pipelines is very important and vital; therefore, they have to be safe. But unfortunately, utilization of old pipelines in operation increases probability of occurrence. The most important reasons of making these occurrences are the internal and external corrosions that are very effective in damaging gas pipelines, hence safety decreases. So, controlling of corrosion in gas pipelines needs to use cathodic protection with cathodic potential, substance becomes a cathode, and this system decreases the rate of corrosion. Periodic inspections of pipelines are essential, through a method called pigging. A pig is a device inserted into a pipeline which travels freely through it and is driven by the product flow to do specific tasks within the pipeline. In this paper, first, corrosion and its types, as one of the most important threats in gas pipelines, will be investigated. Then methods of controlling corrosion will be explained by stating that cathodic protection is the most important method. Finally, pigs will be investigated because it needs continuous inspections in the performance of pipelines for security reasons.

Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Plant to Prepare Natural Gas for Use in Foam Fracturing Treatments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griffin Beck ◽  
Melissa Poerner ◽  
Kevin Hoopes ◽  
Sandeep Verma ◽  
Garud Sridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Mobile Plant ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Production Techniques

Hydraulic fracturing treatments are used to produce oil and gas reserves that would otherwise not be accessible using traditional production techniques. Fracturing treatments require a significant amount of water, which has an associated environmental impact. In recent work funded by the Department of Energy (DOE), an alternative fracturing process has been investigated that uses natural gas as the primary fracturing fluid. In the investigated method, a high-pressure foam of natural gas and water is used for fracturing, a method than could reduce water usage by as much as 80% (by volume). A significant portion of the work focused on identifying and optimizing a mobile processing facility that can be used to pressurize natural gas sourced from adjacent wells or nearby gas processing plants. This paper discusses some of the evaluated processes capable of producing a high-pressure (10,000 psia) flow of natural gas from a low-pressure source (500 psia). The processes include five refrigeration cycles producing liquefied natural gas as well as a cycle that directly compresses the gas. The identified processes are compared based on their specific energy as calculated from a thermodynamic analysis. Additionally, the processes are compared based on the estimated equipment footprint and the process safety. Details of the thermodynamic analyses used to compare the cycles are provided. This paper also discusses the current state of the art of foam fracturing methods and reviews the advantages of these techniques.

Risk Management at TransCanada Pipelines

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Cicansky ◽  
Glenn Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines

This Paper presents the method TransCanada PipeLines uses to assess the integrity risks with respect to operating its high pressure natural gas pipelines. TransCanada PipeLines’ experiences, results and successes gained through the implementation of its risk program, TRPRAM (TransCanada Pipelines Risk Assessment Model) are highlighted.

To Comply: Why Should I?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Robert ◽  
Nadia Be´langer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Regulatory Agency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Oil Gas

The National Energy Board (NEB) is a Canadian federal regulatory agency whose mandate under the NEB Act is to regulate the construction and operation of interprovincial and international oil, gas and commodity pipelines; the construction and operation of international and designated interprovincial power lines; the setting of tolls and tariffs for oil and gas pipelines under its jurisdiction; the export of oil, natural gas and electricity, and the import of natural gas. International and interprovincial pipelines are subject to the statutory requirements of the NEB Act and Regulations made by the NEB. The regulations typically incorporate consensus standards such as the Canadian Standards Association (CSA Z662 - Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems). The NEB tracks and monitors compliance to ensure that companies fulfill the requirements of the Act and Regulations as well as any conditions imposed at the time of approval of the facilities. In carrying out its mandate, the NEB promotes the safety of people, the protection of property and the environment, and economic efficiency in the Canadian public interest. Recently, the NEB has implemented a formal system to track and monitor compliance. In approving new projects, the NEB imposes conditions outlined in approval Orders and Certificates. It then tracks these conditions for compliance, completeness and effectiveness. The compliance information is gathered mainly from activities such as inspections, audits and company filings. This paper explores in greater detail the NEB’s role in terms of tracking and monitoring compliance, NEB expectations of regulated companies and the effectiveness of a self-reporting condition. It also discusses the advantages for companies to be in compliance and its importance.

scholarly journals Generation of electrical energy at gas pipelines using a transported natural gas technological pressure drop

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01089
Author(s):  
M.D. Buranov ◽  
A.A. Mukolyants ◽  
I.V. Sotnikova
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Specific Capital

The article discusses the possibilities of generating electricity without burning fuel by expanding high-pressure natural gas at gas distribution stations with lower specific capital costs. It is proposed to reduce the pressure of the transported natural gas using expander-generator units instead of traditional throttle devices.

Esso Australia's process safety management process

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Ron Reinten
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Fractionation Plant

Safety is a core value at Esso Australia. We strive to observe the highest standards of safety to ensure that nobody gets hurt in our operations. We believe this goal can be achieved through a broadly shared commitment to personal and process safety—both of which are managed using our operations integrity management system (OIMS). In the Gippsland region of Victoria, Esso Australia operates oil and gas production facilities ranging from sub-sea completions to substantial staffed offshore facilities, an onshore crude stabilisation, three gas processing plants and a natural gas liquids fractionation plant, all interconnected by a network of offshore and onshore pipelines. Every day Esso’s Gippsland operations produce millions of litres of crude oil and millions of cubic meters of natural gas. Having all this fuel energy flowing through these plants each day at high pressures, and widely ranging temperatures, it is imperative that it is safely controlled and contained by the process equipment. How do we do this? With process safety systems. Process safety is a crucial component of OIMS that ensures Esso’s assets are operated and maintained in keeping with corporate and industry safety standards. In this presentation we show how process safety is managed within OIMS and how the people within Esso individually and collectively contribute to it. Our work in this area has recently been captured in a training package that includes a DVD shown at the conference. It was created to raise the awareness and understanding of all Esso employees about the principles that underpin Esso’s approach to process safety. This abstract outlines how we approach process safety across the life-cycle of our facilities and the role people play in managing this very important aspect of our work. Our training reinforces the message that responsibility for effective management of process safety lies with every employee and how OIMS is designed to assist people to achieve the desired results where all risks are appropriately managed. We have sought to connect the concepts used to manage personal safety, which are well understood by the workforce, with those that are needed to understand how to manage process safety.

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