Influence of Prehistory and Leading Edge Contouring on Aero Performance of a Three-Dimensional Nozzle Guide Vane

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Saha ◽  
Boris I. Mamaev ◽  
Jens Fridh ◽  
Björn Laumert ◽  
Torsten H. Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Stagnation Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Loss Coefficients ◽  
Exit Mach Number ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
End Wall

Experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of the prehistory in the aerodynamic performance of a three-dimensional nozzle guide vane with a hub leading edge contouring. The performance is determined with two pneumatic probes (five hole and three hole) concentrating mainly on the end wall. The investigated vane is a geometrically similar gas turbine vane for the first stage with a reference exit Mach number of 0.9. Results are compared for the baseline and filleted cases for a wide range of operating exit Mach numbers from 0.5 to 0.9. The presented data includes loading distributions, loss distributions, fields of exit flow angles, velocity vector, and vorticity contour, as well as mass-averaged loss coefficients. The results show an insignificant influence of the leading edge fillet on the performance of the vane. However, the prehistory (inlet condition) affects significantly in the secondary loss. Additionally, an oil visualization technique yields information about the streamlines on the solid vane surface, which allows identifying the locations of secondary flow vortices, stagnation line, and saddle point.

Influence of Pre-History and Leading Edge Contouring on Aero-Performance of a 3D Nozzle Guide Vane

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Saha ◽  
Boris I. Mamaev ◽  
Jens Fridh ◽  
Björn Laumert ◽  
Torsten H. Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Stagnation Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Loss Coefficients ◽  
Exit Mach Number ◽  
Nozzle Guide

Experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of the pre-history in the aerodynamic performance of a three-dimensional nozzle guide vane with a hub leading edge contouring. The performance is determined with two pneumatic probes (5 hole and 3 hole) concentrating mainly on the endwall. The investigated vane is a geometrically similar gas turbine vane for the first stage with a reference exit Mach number of 0.9. Results are compared for the baseline and filleted cases for a wide range of operating exit Mach numbers from 0.5 to 0.9. The presented data includes loading distributions, loss distributions, fields of exit flow angles, velocity vector and vorticity contour, as well as, mass-averaged loss coefficients. The results show an insignificant influence of the leading edge fillet on the performance of the vane. However, the pre-history (inlet condition) affects significantly in the secondary loss. Additionally, an oil visualization technique yields information about the streamlines on the solid vane surface which allows identifying the locations of secondary flow vortices, stagnation line and saddle point.

The Extension of a Solution-Adaptive Three-Dimensional Navier–Stokes Solver Toward Geometries of Arbitrary Complexity

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Nozzle Guide

This paper describes recent developments to a three-dimensional, unstructured mesh, solution-adaptive Navier–Stokes solver. By adopting a simple, pragmatic but systematic approach to mesh generation, the range of simulations that can be attempted is extended toward arbitrary geometries. The combined benefits of the approach result in a powerful analytical ability. Solutions for a wide range of flows are presented, including a transonic compressor rotor, a centrifugal impeller, a steam turbine nozzle guide vane with casing extraction belt, the internal coolant passage of a radial inflow turbine, and a turbine disk cavity flow.

Aero-Thermal Aspects of Film Cooled Nozzle Guide Vane Endwalls: Part 1 — Aerodynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood H. Alqefl ◽  
Kedar P. Nawathe ◽  
Pingting Chen ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Yong W. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Cooling Flows ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Endwall Film Cooling

Abstract The first stage turbine of a modern gas turbine is subjected to high thermal loads which lead to a need for aggressive cooling schemes to protect its components from melting. Endwalls are particularly challenging to cool due to the complex system of secondary flows near them that wash the protective film coolants into the mainstream. This paper shows that without including combustor cooling, the complex secondary flow physics are not representative of modern engines. Aggressive injection of all cooling flows upstream of the passage is expected to interact and change passage aerodynamics and, subsequently, mixing and transport of coolants. This study describes, experimentally, the aero-thermal interaction of cooling flows near the endwall of a first stage nozzle guide vane passage. The test section involves an engine-representative combustor-turbine interface geometry, combustor coolant flow and endwall film cooling flow injected upstream of a linear cascade. The approach flow conditions represent flow exiting a cooled, low-NOx combustor. This first part of this two-part study aims to understand the complex aerodynamics near the endwall through detailed measurements of passage three-dimensional velocity fields with and without endwall film cooling. The aerodynamic measurements reveal a dominant vortex in the passage, named here as the Impingement Vortex, that opposes the passage vortex formed at the airfoil leading edge plane. This Impingement Vortex completely changes our description of flow over a modern film cooled endwall.

Aero-thermal Aspects of Film Cooled Nozzle Guide Vane Endwall - Part 1: Aerodynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-54
Author(s):  
Mahmood H. Alqefl ◽  
Kedar P. Nawathe ◽  
Pingting Chen ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Yong W. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Cooling Flows ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Endwall Film Cooling

Abstract The first stage turbine of a modern gas turbine is subjected to high thermal loads which lead to a need for aggressive cooling schemes to protect its components from melting. Endwalls are particularly challenging to cool due to the complex system of secondary flows near them that wash the protective film coolants into the mainstream. This paper shows that without including combustor cooling, the complex secondary flow physics are not representative of modern engines. Aggressive injection of all cooling flows upstream of the passage is expected to interact and change passage aerodynamics and, subsequently, mixing and transport of coolants. This study describes, experimentally, the aero-thermal interaction of cooling flows near the endwall of a first stage nozzle guide vane passage. The test section involves an engine-representative combustor-turbine interface geometry, combustor coolant flow and endwall film cooling flow injected upstream of a linear cascade. The approach flow conditions represent flow exiting a cooled, low-NOx combustor. This first part of this two-part study aims to understand the complex aerodynamics near the endwall through detailed measurements of passage three-dimensional velocity fields with and without endwall film cooling. The aerodynamic measurements reveal a dominant vortex in the passage, named here as the Impingement Vortex, that opposes the passage vortex formed at the airfoil leading edge plane. This Impingement Vortex completely changes our description of flow over a modern film cooled endwall.

Numerical Analysis on Effects of the Contoured Endwall on the Three Dimensional Flow Characteristics in an Annular Turbine Nozzle Vane

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Sang Lee ◽  
Jin Taek Chung ◽  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
Seung Joo Choe
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Three Dimensional Flow ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Nozzle Guide

The three-dimensional flow in a turbine nozzle guide vane passage causes large secondary loss through the passage and increased heat transfer on the blade surface. In order to reduce or control these secondary flows, a linear turbine with contoured endwall configurations was used and changes in the three-dimensional flow field were analyzed and discussed. Contoured endwalls are installed at a location downstream of the saddle point near the leading edge of the pressure side blade and several positions along the centerline of the passage at constant distance. The objective of this study is to document the development of the three-dimensional flow in a turbine nozzle guide vane cascade with modified endwall. In addition, it proposes and appropriates endwall contouring which shows best overall loss reduction performance among the simulated contoured endwall. The results of this study show that the development of passage vortex and cross flow in the cascade composed of one flat and one contoured endwalls are affected by the acceleration which occurs in contoured endwall side. The overall loss is reduced near the flat endwall rather than contoured endwall, the best performance was shown for the case of 10–15% contoured for span-wise, 40–70% length of chord from trailing edge.

Measurement and Calculation of End Wall Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics on a Nozzle Guide Vane in Annular Cascade

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Harvey ◽  
T. V. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Wall Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Annular Cascade ◽  
End Wall

Detailed measurements of surface static pressures and heat transfer rates on the aerofoil and hub end wall of an annular nozzle guide vane (in the absence of a downstream rotor) are presented. Heat transfer rates have been measured using thin film gauges in an annular cascade in the Pyestock Isentropic Light Piston Cascade. Test Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and cascade geometry are fully representative of engine conditions. The results of 3-D calculations of surface Mach number and 2-D calculations of aerofoil heat transfer are presented and compared with the measurements. A new method of calculating end wall heat transfer using the axisymmetric analogue for three-dimensional boundary layers is described in detail. The method uses a 3-D Euler solver to calculate the inviscid surface streamlines along which heat transfer coefficients are calculated. The metric coefficient which describes the lateral convergence or divergence of the streamlines is used to include three-dimensional effects in the calculation. The calculated heat transfer rates compare well with the measured values. Reference is made to surface flow visualization in the interpretation of the results.

scholarly journals Influence of Swirl Clocking on the Performance of Turbine Stage with Three-Dimensional Nozzle Guide Vane

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5503
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jeon ◽  
Changmin Son ◽  
Jinuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of the swirl clocking on three-dimensional nozzle guide vane (NGV) is investigated using computational fluid dynamics. The research reports the loss characteristics of leaned and swept NGVs and the influence of swirl clocking. The three-dimensional NGVs are built by stacking the same 2D profile along different linear axes, characterized by different angles with respect to the normal or radial direction: ε = −12° ~ +12° for the leaned and γ = −5° ~ +10° for the swept airfoils. A total of 40 models are analyzed to study the effects of lean and sweep on aerodynamic performance. To investigate the influence of swirl clocking, the analysis cases include the center of the swirl that was positioned at the leading edge as well as the middle of the passage. The prediction results show that the relationship of the changes in mass flow rate and throat area are not monotonic. Further observation confirms the redistribution of loading and flow angle under different lean and sweep angles; thus, three-dimensional design is a key influencing factor on aerodynamic performance. In the presence of swirl clocking, NGV performance is changed significantly and the findings offer new insight and opportunities to improve three-dimensional NGV airfoil design.

scholarly journals The Extension of a Solution-Adaptive 3D Navier-Stokes Solver Towards Geometries of Arbitrary Complexity

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Compressor Rotor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Arbitrary Geometries ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Nozzle Guide

This paper describes recent developments to a three dimensional, unstructured mesh, solution-adaptive Navier-Stokes solver. By adopting a simple, pragmatic but systematic approach to mesh generation, the range of simulations which can be attempted is extended towards arbitrary geometries. The combined benefits of the approach result in a powerful analytical ability. Solutions for a wide range of flows are presented including a transonic compressor rotor, a centrifugal impellor, a steam turbine nozzle guide vane with casing extraction belt, the internal coolant passage of a radial inflow turbine and a turbine disc-cavity flow.

Experimental Studies of Leading Edge Contouring Influence on Secondary Losses in Transonic Turbines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Saha ◽  
Jens Fridh ◽  
Torsten Fransson ◽  
Boris I. Mamaev ◽  
Mats Annerfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Flow Angle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contour Plots

An experimental study of the hub leading edge contouring using fillets is performed in an annular sector cascade to observe the influence of secondary flows and aerodynamic losses. The investigated vane is a three dimensional gas turbine guide vane (geometrically similar) with a mid-span aspect ratio of 0.46. The measurements are carried out on the leading edge fillet and baseline cases using pneumatic probes. Significant precautions have been taken to increase the accuracy of the measurements. The investigations are performed for a wide range of operating exit Mach numbers from 0.5 to 0.9 at a design inlet flow angle of 90°. Data presented include the loading, fields of total pressures, exit flow angles, radial flow angles, as well as profile and secondary losses. The vane has a small profile loss of approximately 2.5% and secondary loss of about 1.1%. Contour plots of vorticity distributions and velocity vectors indicate there is a small influence of the vortex-structure in endwall regions when the leading edge fillet is used. Compared to the baseline case the loss for the filleted case is lower up to 13% of span and higher from 13% to 20% of the span for a reference condition with Mach no. of 0.9. For the filleted case, there is a small increase of turning up to 15% of the span and then a small decrease up to 35% of the span. Hence, there are no significant influences on the losses and turning for the filleted case. Results lead to the conclusion that one cannot expect a noticeable effect of leading edge contouring on the aerodynamic efficiency for the investigated 1st stage vane of a modern gas turbine.

Application of Unsteady CFD Methods to Trailing Edge Cutback Film Cooling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ravelli ◽  
G. Barigozzi
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vane ◽  
Unsteady Rans ◽  
Exit Mach Number ◽  
Nozzle Guide

The main purpose of this numerical investigation is to overcome the limitations of the steady modeling in predicting the cooling efficiency over the cutback surface in a high pressure turbine nozzle guide vane. Since discrepancy between Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) predictions and measured thermal coverage at the trailing edge was attributable to unsteadiness, Unsteady RANS (URANS) modeling was implemented to evaluate improvements in simulating the mixing between the mainstream and the coolant exiting the cutback slot. With the aim of reducing the computation effort, only a portion of the airfoil along the span was simulated at an exit Mach number of Ma2is = 0.2. Three values of the coolant-to-mainstream mass flow ratio were considered: MFR = 0.66%, 1.05%, and 1.44%. Nevertheless the inherent vortex shedding from the cutback lip was somehow captured by the URANS method, the computed mixing was not enough to reproduce the measured drop in adiabatic effectiveness η along the streamwise direction, over the cutback surface. So modeling was taken a step further by using the Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) method at MFR = 1.05%. Results from the SAS approach were found to have potential to mimic the experimental measurements. Vortices shedding from the cutback lip were well predicted in shape and magnitude, but with a lower frequency, as compared to PIV data and flow visualizations. Moreover, the simulated reduction in film cooling effectiveness toward the trailing edge was similar to that observed experimentally.

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