Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

A three-dimensional (3D) mass evacuation simulation using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models and an experimental study are discussed. The flooding associated with the large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on Mar. 11, 2011, was responsible for more than 90% of the disaster casualties. Unfortunately, it is expected that other huge tsunamis could occur in Japan coastal areas if an earthquake with magnitude greater than eight occurs along the Nankai Trough. Therefore, recent disaster prevention plans should include evacuation to higher buildings, elevated ground, and constructed tsunami evacuation towers. In this study, evacuation simulations with 500 KDHs were conducted. The simulations consisted of several subgroups of KDHs. It is shown that the possible evacuation path of each group should be carefully determined to minimize the evacuation time. Several properties such as evacuee motion characteristics of KDHs, number of evacuees, exit gates, and number of injured persons were carefully considered in the simulations. Evacuee motion was also experimentally investigated by using a multistoried building to replicate the structure of an actual tsunami evacuation tower that could accommodate approximately 120 evacuees. The experimental results suggest that an appropriately divided group population could effectively reduce the overall group evacuation time. The results also suggest that fatigue due to walking during evacuation adversely affects the total evacuation time, especially in the ascent of stairways. The experimental data can be used to obtain more accurate simulations of mass evacuation.

Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

A 3D mass evacuation simulation using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models and an experimental study are discussed. The tidal wave associated with the large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake was responsible for more than 90% of the disaster casualties. Unfortunately, it is expected that other huge tsunamis could occur in Japan coastal areas if an earthquake with magnitude greater than 8 occurred along the Nankai Trough. Therefore, recent disaster prevention plans should include evacuation to higher buildings, elevated ground, and construction of tsunami evacuation towers. In the evacuation simulation with 500 KDHs, the mass consists of several subgroups. It is shown that the possible evacuation path of each group should be carefully determined to minimize the evacuation time. Several properties such as evacuee motion characteristics of KDHs, number of evacuees, exit gates and, number of injured persons were carefully considered in the simulation. Evacuee motion was also experimentally investigated by building a test field that simulates the structure of an actual tsunami evacuation tower for accommodating approximately 120 evacuees. The experimental results suggest that an appropriately divided group population may effectively reduce the overall group evacuation time. The results also suggest that the fatigue due to walking during evacuation adversely affect the total evacuation time, especially the ascent of stairways. The experimental data can be used to obtain more accurate simulations of mass evacuation.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using Three-Dimensional Kinematic Digital Human Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Mitsuru Endo ◽  
Jiro Urii
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using 3D Kinematic Digital Human Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise KDH models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

A Three-Dimensional Evacuation Simulation Using Digital Human Models With Precise Kinematic Joints

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
School Students ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Human Joints ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

Disaster drills are important for minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes, floods, and fires. Therefore, mass-evacuation drills are considered to be an important obligation of schools and workplaces that employ several individuals. Moreover, for the validation of drill effectiveness as well as disaster prevention, the significance of mass-evacuation simulation has increased.In the present paper, a three-dimensional mass-evacuation simulation is first explained. The developed multi-agent-based simulation with a detailed three-dimensional building infrastructure uses a kinematic digital human (KDH) model with precise human joints. Simulation of a mass-evacuation drill by high-school students agrees well with the results of actual drills. In addition, considering the transportation of badly injured persons during disasters, digital human motion sets of patients, and transporters have been developed for critical evacuation simulation. Several examples have revealed the possibility of applying the extended simulation to evacuation from houses and hospitals.

A Three-Dimensional Evacuation Simulation Using Digital Human Models With Precise Kinematic Joints

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Human Model ◽  
School Students ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

Disaster drills are important for minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes, floods, and fires. Therefore, mass-evacuation drills are considered to be an important obligation of schools and workplaces that employ several individuals. Moreover, for the validation of drill effectiveness as well as disaster prevention, the significance of mass-evacuation simulation has increased. In the present paper, a three-dimensional mass-evacuation simulation is first explained. The developed multi-agent-based simulation with a detailed three-dimensional building infrastructure uses a kinematic digital human model with precise human joints. Simulation of a mass-evacuation drill by high-school students agrees well with the results of actual drills. In addition, considering the transportation of badly injured persons during disasters, digital human motion sets of patients and transporters have been developed for critical evacuation simulation. Several examples have revealed the possibility of applying the extended simulation to evacuation from houses and hospitals.

scholarly journals Crowd Evacuation Behaviour Modeling and Simulation in 3D Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192
Keyword(s):  
Exit Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Safe Condition

Crowd simulation is an active research domain and is crucial for simulating crowd behaviour in certain condition such as normal or panic situation. The simulation is to show the interaction between the individual in a crowd. Nowadays, there are many kinds of scenarios as well as simulation softwares that can be adapted to simulate a crowd simulation such as during emergency situation e.g. building evacuation. Crowd simulation in three-dimensional platform is fairly important in order to have a more realistic looks and movement of the crowd in one particular environment. The evacuation simulation is useful for the crowd in one confinement to seek for a safe exit path in shortest time possible and thus increase the occupant’s safety. The evacuation time is said to be in safe condition if all the evacuees successfully can get through the exit in minimal time. To aid in minimal exit time, the concept of faster-is-slower (bottleneck) must be solved as it can lead to more waiting time or delay during evacuation process. In this paper, it will discuss about the crowd simulation behavior, crowd simulation based on agent-based model, existing crowd simulation tools and the result of simulating the three-dimensional (3D) crowd evacuation time based on a number of exits variation in panic situation. The tools used to carry out the experiment is Anylogic software whereby the results show that it adheres to shorter evacuation time when the number of exit increases. The 3D layout design was following the original layout the faculty’s lower ground floor where the classrooms are mostly resided. The simulation is useful in order to estimate of evacuation time with different total number of exits to alleviate the faster-is-slower effect in case of any emergency situation happens at the faculty building.

scholarly journals EVACUATION SIMULATION IN KALAYAAN RESIDENCE HALL, UP DILIMAN USING GAMA SIMULATION SOFTWARE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
A. R. C. Claridades ◽  
J. K. S. Villanueva ◽  
E. G. Macatulad
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Residence Hall ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Floor Plans

Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) has recently been adopted in some studies for the modelling of events as a dynamic system given a set of events and parameters. In principle, ABM employs individual agents with assigned attributes and behaviors and simulates their behavior around their environment and interaction with other agents. This can be a useful tool in both micro and macroscale-applications. In this study, a model initially created and applied to an academic building was implemented in a dormitory. In particular, this research integrates three-dimensional Geographic Information System (GIS) with GAMA as the multi-agent based evacuation simulation and is implemented in Kalayaan Residence Hall. A three-dimensional GIS model is created based on the floor plans and demographic data of the dorm, including respective pathways as networks, rooms, floors, exits and appropriate attributes. This model is then re-implemented in GAMA. Different states of the agents and their effect on their evacuation time were then observed. GAMA simulation with varying path width was also implemented. It has been found out that compared to their original states, panic, eating and studying will hasten evacuation, and on the other hand, sleeping and being on the bathrooms will be impedances. It is also concluded that evacuation time will be halved when path widths are doubled, however it is recommended for further studies for pathways to be modeled as spaces instead of lines. A more scientific basis for predicting agent behavior in these states is also recommended for more realistic results.

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