scholarly journals Crowd Evacuation Behaviour Modeling and Simulation in 3D Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1192
Keyword(s):  
Exit Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Crowd Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Safe Condition

Crowd simulation is an active research domain and is crucial for simulating crowd behaviour in certain condition such as normal or panic situation. The simulation is to show the interaction between the individual in a crowd. Nowadays, there are many kinds of scenarios as well as simulation softwares that can be adapted to simulate a crowd simulation such as during emergency situation e.g. building evacuation. Crowd simulation in three-dimensional platform is fairly important in order to have a more realistic looks and movement of the crowd in one particular environment. The evacuation simulation is useful for the crowd in one confinement to seek for a safe exit path in shortest time possible and thus increase the occupant’s safety. The evacuation time is said to be in safe condition if all the evacuees successfully can get through the exit in minimal time. To aid in minimal exit time, the concept of faster-is-slower (bottleneck) must be solved as it can lead to more waiting time or delay during evacuation process. In this paper, it will discuss about the crowd simulation behavior, crowd simulation based on agent-based model, existing crowd simulation tools and the result of simulating the three-dimensional (3D) crowd evacuation time based on a number of exits variation in panic situation. The tools used to carry out the experiment is Anylogic software whereby the results show that it adheres to shorter evacuation time when the number of exit increases. The 3D layout design was following the original layout the faculty’s lower ground floor where the classrooms are mostly resided. The simulation is useful in order to estimate of evacuation time with different total number of exits to alleviate the faster-is-slower effect in case of any emergency situation happens at the faculty building.

scholarly journals Study on evacuation simulation under crowd-diversion condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Piao Chiu ◽  
Yan-Chyuan Shiau ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lai
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Safety Evacuation ◽  
Occupant Evacuation

With the increasing number of domestic buildings, the importance of safety evacuation in case of fire in the buildings has been aware. Occupants in a building will crowd at exit(s) when they evacuate in disasters. The content of this study includes the following: (1) to conduct a literature review on severe stampedes in history, identifying the number of casualties, and to explore existing research on crowd evacuation; (2) to examine the applicability of software packages EXODUS and Unity for simulating occupant evacuation using them for simulations under identical conditions; and (3) to construct simulated evacuation environments using Unity and perform simulations with different combinations of occupant number, space size, exit size, and flow diverter size. The simulation results found that placing a flow diverter in front of the exit could reduce the evacuation time effectively. The best result was observed when the width of the door is close to the width of the flow diverter; it can reduce the evacuation time by about 25%. When more than 60 people were emptying through an exit below 120 cm width, the blocking happened regardless of whether a flow diverter was placed.

Experimental Research of the Intelligent Evacuation Inducible System in Building Fire

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 1485-1488
Author(s):  
Hai Chao Ran ◽  
Li Hua Sun ◽  
Xiao Zhi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Experiment Platform ◽  
System A ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Behaviors

When a fire or other emergency situation occurs, the intelligent evacuation inducible system is an important means for crowd to evacuate or escape. The factors, such as correct choice of escape routes, to overcome the fear psychology and reasonably avoiding obstacles, have big effects on reaching a safe exit for crowd evacuation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the intelligent evacuation inducible system, a "black house" experiment platform is established in this paper. The time of the fire to reach a dangerous moment is obtained by setting different fire scenarios and using the CFAST method. The actual safe evacuation time is also obtained by several evacuation experiments with different groups of people. According to the time criterion, the interaction mechanism of intelligent evacuation inducible system and crowd evacuation behaviors is analyzed.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using Three-Dimensional Kinematic Digital Human Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Mitsuru Endo ◽  
Jiro Urii
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

The Influence of Linear Architecture Space Structure on Building Evacuation Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Emergency Decision

Building evacuation has always been an important research question for government emergent agencies, architecture designer and building energy-saving researchers. However, most research works focus on the emergency decision theory, psychological reactions of individuals and groups, and evacuation simulation operations. Very few research works have been done to investigate the effect of architecture space structure on building evacuation time. This paper discusses the characteristic of linear architecture space structure in buildings, and analyze the influence of linear architecture space organization structure on the evacuation time in campus teaching buildings. The experiment results show that the combination of separated rooms in linear architecture space structure has a better evacuation efficiency than the combination of only large rooms.

scholarly journals Crowd Emergency Evacuation Simulation Time Analysis via Obstacle Optimization Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
S. Hamizan ◽  
S Roselina ◽  
H Habibollah ◽  
Y Yusliza ◽  
M Y Lizawati
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Fire Drill ◽  
Simulation Time

Abstract The crowd evacuation simulation is essential to provide important results for occupants, especially in the large capacity building compared to the human fire drill exercise. The strategy of evacuation such as the use of obstacles may need to be adapted by many organizations as an aid to help in visualizing and estimating the evacuation time during an emergency. During certain crowd events, they may consider the various setting of the object to ensure smoothness and effective crowd evacuation flow. In this paper, it aims to provide the simulation with 100-1000 agents and testing with obstacle using Anylogic tool and analysis of evacuation time validated using SPSS. The results show that the placement of obstacles near the exit way indeed can reduce the evacuation time and complies with the anti-arching phenomenon during evacuation.

scholarly journals Resilience: A “Psychosocial” Competency and Its Role in the Pathways of University Students in Intercultural Research (Pre and Post-COVID19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Miriam Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
University Education ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Intercultural Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Rapid changes to the workplace, even more so after the pandemic, demand education in competencies different from strictly disciplinary competencies, competencies which allow the individual to deal with emergencies and which imply a renewal of professional and institutional identity, favoring restructuring, employability and professionalization focused on future needs. In this paper, the focus is on what the author describes as a “psychosocial competency” in light of her theory, or Resilience. Like resilience, this theory, the Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense, involves three interacting and self-sustained levels: micro (individual), meso (organizational) and macro (national). We present two studies in which the impact of Resilience was observed: a) on academic achievement for delayed students, associated with institutions that do little to promote resilience and b) its importance in the shared representations of university students with respect to the competencies necessary for facing new challenges in the workplace. This group was taking part in a bilateral exchange program in France. COVID-19 suddenly placed them in an emergency situation, which demanded flexibility and the ability to adapt (stranded, without financial or health resources and lacking psychosocial support). Both research studies refer to the Quality of university education as regards Achievement, Professionalization, Identity and Employability. Both reveal deficiencies in the education system in terms of coping with crises. The methodologies, respectively, were quantitative (bivariate and multivariate level) and qualitative (techniques: interview and hierarchical evocation). The results of both studies show: a) the relevant role of Resilience with respect to Achievement; b) the lack of development in this regard. Finally, with a view towards transfer and intervention, a proposal is made to create and/or improve resilience and other psychosocial competencies by means of agreed-upon psychosocial support programs.

scholarly journals High-Rise Building Evacuation Simulation Based on Physical Stamina of Evacuees

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Soonjo Kwon ◽  
Hyuncheol Kim ◽  
Taehwan Hwang ◽  
Jaemin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Evacuation Safety

Currently, high-rise buildings are being continuously constructed, and thus, it is necessary to predict evacuation safety in advance in case of emergency situations in high-rise buildings. However, current studies focus only on the movement of individuals in evacuation situations for predicting the final evacuation time. Therefore, in this study, a simulation of realistic evacuation in high-rise buildings was performed based on characteristics such as the physical stamina of evacuees. The evacuation simulation was performed on the world's tallest high-rise building, Burj Khalifa, and comparative verification was performed with and without consideration of the physical stamina of evacuees. The results of the simulation indicated that the total evacuation time significantly increases when physical stamina is considered. Hence, realistic evacuation in high-rise buildings is possible when the stamina of evacuees is considered.

Simulation and Experiment of Mass Evacuation to a Tsunami Evacuation Tower

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

A three-dimensional (3D) mass evacuation simulation using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models and an experimental study are discussed. The flooding associated with the large tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on Mar. 11, 2011, was responsible for more than 90% of the disaster casualties. Unfortunately, it is expected that other huge tsunamis could occur in Japan coastal areas if an earthquake with magnitude greater than eight occurs along the Nankai Trough. Therefore, recent disaster prevention plans should include evacuation to higher buildings, elevated ground, and constructed tsunami evacuation towers. In this study, evacuation simulations with 500 KDHs were conducted. The simulations consisted of several subgroups of KDHs. It is shown that the possible evacuation path of each group should be carefully determined to minimize the evacuation time. Several properties such as evacuee motion characteristics of KDHs, number of evacuees, exit gates, and number of injured persons were carefully considered in the simulations. Evacuee motion was also experimentally investigated by using a multistoried building to replicate the structure of an actual tsunami evacuation tower that could accommodate approximately 120 evacuees. The experimental results suggest that an appropriately divided group population could effectively reduce the overall group evacuation time. The results also suggest that fatigue due to walking during evacuation adversely affects the total evacuation time, especially in the ascent of stairways. The experimental data can be used to obtain more accurate simulations of mass evacuation.

scholarly journals EVACUATION SIMULATION IN KALAYAAN RESIDENCE HALL, UP DILIMAN USING GAMA SIMULATION SOFTWARE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
A. R. C. Claridades ◽  
J. K. S. Villanueva ◽  
E. G. Macatulad
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Residence Hall ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Floor Plans

Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) has recently been adopted in some studies for the modelling of events as a dynamic system given a set of events and parameters. In principle, ABM employs individual agents with assigned attributes and behaviors and simulates their behavior around their environment and interaction with other agents. This can be a useful tool in both micro and macroscale-applications. In this study, a model initially created and applied to an academic building was implemented in a dormitory. In particular, this research integrates three-dimensional Geographic Information System (GIS) with GAMA as the multi-agent based evacuation simulation and is implemented in Kalayaan Residence Hall. A three-dimensional GIS model is created based on the floor plans and demographic data of the dorm, including respective pathways as networks, rooms, floors, exits and appropriate attributes. This model is then re-implemented in GAMA. Different states of the agents and their effect on their evacuation time were then observed. GAMA simulation with varying path width was also implemented. It has been found out that compared to their original states, panic, eating and studying will hasten evacuation, and on the other hand, sleeping and being on the bathrooms will be impedances. It is also concluded that evacuation time will be halved when path widths are doubled, however it is recommended for further studies for pathways to be modeled as spaces instead of lines. A more scientific basis for predicting agent behavior in these states is also recommended for more realistic results.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

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