Rail Flaw Detection Technologies for Safer, Reliable Transportation: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanath Alahakoon ◽  
Yan Quan Sun ◽  
Maksym Spiryagin ◽  
Colin Cole
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Detection Technologies

This paper delivers an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art technologies relevant to rail flaw detection giving emphasis to their use in detection of rail flaw defects at practical inspection vehicle speeds. The review not only looks at the research being carried out but also investigates the commercial products available for rail flaw detection. It continues further to identify the methods suitable to be adopted in a moving vehicle rail flaw detection system. Even though rail flaw detection has been a well-researched area for decades, an in-depth review summarizing all available technologies together with an assessment of their capabilities has not been published in the recent past according to the knowledge of the authors. As such, it is believed that this review paper will be a good source of information for future researchers in this area.

Guided wave–based rail flaw detection technologies: state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110131
Author(s):  
Hao Ge ◽  
David Chua Kim Huat ◽  
Chan Ghee Koh ◽  
Gonglian Dai ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
Detection Technologies

The unavoidable increase in train speed and load, as well as the aging of railway facilities, is requiring more and more attention to rail defects detection. As a promising tool for rail, in-service high-speed inspection, guided wave–based detection technologies have been developed in succession by researches in the past two decades. However, there is a lack of a systematic review on the developments and performances of these technologies. This article reviews ultrasonic rail inspection methods comprehensively with the focus on the state-of-the-art technologies based on guided wave. Different excitation options, including train wheel, electromagnetic acoustic transducer, pulsed laser, air-coupled, and contact piezoelectric transducer, are described, respectively, along with their inspection sensitivities, regions, and potential speeds. Finally, future challenges and prospects are discussed to a certain extent to provide references for researchers in this area.

scholarly journals Transcription Alignment of Historical Vietnamese Manuscripts without Human-Annotated Learning Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4894
Author(s):  
Anna Scius-Bertrand ◽  
Michael Jungo ◽  
Beat Wolf ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Marc Bui
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Alignment Task ◽  
Scanned Image ◽  
Automatic Transcription

The current state of the art for automatic transcription of historical manuscripts is typically limited by the requirement of human-annotated learning samples, which are are necessary to train specific machine learning models for specific languages and scripts. Transcription alignment is a simpler task that aims to find a correspondence between text in the scanned image and its existing Unicode counterpart, a correspondence which can then be used as training data. The alignment task can be approached with heuristic methods dedicated to certain types of manuscripts, or with weakly trained systems reducing the required amount of annotations. In this article, we propose a novel learning-based alignment method based on fully convolutional object detection that does not require any human annotation at all. Instead, the object detection system is initially trained on synthetic printed pages using a font and then adapted to the real manuscripts by means of self-training. On a dataset of historical Vietnamese handwriting, we demonstrate the feasibility of annotation-free alignment as well as the positive impact of self-training on the character detection accuracy, reaching a detection accuracy of 96.4% with a YOLOv5m model without using any human annotation.

A new digital correlation flaw detection system

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Lee ◽  
E. S. Furgason
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Digital Correlation

LORE: a model for the detection of fine-grained locative references in tweets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás José Fernández-Martínez ◽  
◽  
Carlos Periñán-Pascual ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Location Detection

Extracting geospatially rich knowledge from tweets is of utmost importance for location-based systems in emergency services to raise situational awareness about a given crisis-related incident, such as earthquakes, floods, car accidents, terrorist attacks, shooting attacks, etc. The problem is that the majority of tweets are not geotagged, so we need to resort to the messages in the search of geospatial evidence. In this context, we present LORE, a location-detection system for tweets that leverages the geographic database GeoNames together with linguistic knowledge through NLP techniques. One of the main contributions of this model is to capture fine-grained complex locative references, ranging from geopolitical entities and natural geographic references to points of interest and traffic ways. LORE outperforms state-of-the-art open-source location-extraction systems (i.e. Stanford NER, spaCy, NLTK and OpenNLP), achieving an unprecedented trade-off between precision and recall. Therefore, our model provides not only a quantitative advantage over other well-known systems in terms of performance but also a qualitative advantage in terms of the diversity and semantic granularity of the locative references extracted from the tweets.

Cistus incanus L. commercial products as a good source of polyphenols in human diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Viapiana ◽  
Agnieszka Konopacka ◽  
Krzysztof Waleron ◽  
Marek Wesolowski
Keyword(s):  
Good Source ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Cistus Incanus

scholarly journals The Understanding of Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Mishra ◽  
G. Y. Sandesh Reddy ◽  
Himanshu Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Computer Based

Deep learning is a computer-based modeling approach, which is made up of many processing layers that are used to understand the representation of data with several levels of abstraction. This review paper presents the state of the art in deep learning to highlight the major challenges and contributions in computer vision. This work mainly gives an overview of the current understanding of deep learning and their approaches in solving traditional artificial intelligence problems. These computational models enhanced its application in object detection, visual object recognition, speech recognition, face recognition, vision for driverless cars, virtual assistants, and many other fields such as genomics and drug discovery. Finally, this paper also showcases the current developments and challenges in training deep neural network.

scholarly journals Preface to the April 2018 Issue including selected works from CIbSE 2017 and LACLO 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Cancela ◽  
Isabel Brito ◽  
Luca Cernuzzi ◽  
Marcela Genero ◽  
Jesús García Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
The State ◽  
San Jose

This issue of the CLEIej consists of three main parts: i) a review paper on the state of the art of how contextual information extracted from a user task can help to improve searches for contents relevant to this task; ii) extended and revised versions of Selected Papers (which correspond to the second and third best paper from each track) presented at the XX Ibero-American Conference on Software Engineering (CIbSE 2017), which took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in May 2017; and, iii) extended and revised versions of selected papers from LACLO 2016, the XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology, which took place in San José, Costa Rica, in October 2016.

scholarly journals Tunnel Squeezing Deformation Control and the Use of Yielding Elements in Shotcrete Linings: A Review

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Zheng ◽  
Kui Wu ◽  
Zhushan Shao ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Nannan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Squeezing Ground ◽  
Deformation Control ◽  
Development History ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Supporting Effect ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Shotcrete Lining

Shotcrete lining shows high resistance but extremely low deformability. The utilization of yielding elements in shotcrete lining, which leads to the so-called ductile lining, provides a good solution to cope with tunnel squeezing deformations. Although ductile lining exhibits great advantages regarding tunnel squeezing deformation control, little information has been comprehensively and systematically available for its mechanism and design. This is a review paper for the purpose of summarizing the development history and discussing the state of the art of ductile lining. It begins by providing a brief introduction of ductile lining and an explanation of the importance of studying this issue. A following summary of supporting mechanism and benefits of ductile lining used in tunnels excavated in squeezing ground conditions is provided. Then, it summarizes the four main types of yielding elements applied in shotcrete lining and introduces their basic structures and mechanical performances. The influences of parameters of yielding elements on the supporting effect are discussed and the design methods for ductile lining are reviewed as well. Furthermore, recommendations for further research in ductile lining are proposed. Finally, a brief summary is presented.

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