scholarly journals Tunnel Squeezing Deformation Control and the Use of Yielding Elements in Shotcrete Linings: A Review

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Zheng ◽  
Kui Wu ◽  
Zhushan Shao ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Nannan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Squeezing Ground ◽  
Deformation Control ◽  
Development History ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Supporting Effect ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Shotcrete Lining

Shotcrete lining shows high resistance but extremely low deformability. The utilization of yielding elements in shotcrete lining, which leads to the so-called ductile lining, provides a good solution to cope with tunnel squeezing deformations. Although ductile lining exhibits great advantages regarding tunnel squeezing deformation control, little information has been comprehensively and systematically available for its mechanism and design. This is a review paper for the purpose of summarizing the development history and discussing the state of the art of ductile lining. It begins by providing a brief introduction of ductile lining and an explanation of the importance of studying this issue. A following summary of supporting mechanism and benefits of ductile lining used in tunnels excavated in squeezing ground conditions is provided. Then, it summarizes the four main types of yielding elements applied in shotcrete lining and introduces their basic structures and mechanical performances. The influences of parameters of yielding elements on the supporting effect are discussed and the design methods for ductile lining are reviewed as well. Furthermore, recommendations for further research in ductile lining are proposed. Finally, a brief summary is presented.

scholarly journals The Understanding of Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Mishra ◽  
G. Y. Sandesh Reddy ◽  
Himanshu Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Computer Based

Deep learning is a computer-based modeling approach, which is made up of many processing layers that are used to understand the representation of data with several levels of abstraction. This review paper presents the state of the art in deep learning to highlight the major challenges and contributions in computer vision. This work mainly gives an overview of the current understanding of deep learning and their approaches in solving traditional artificial intelligence problems. These computational models enhanced its application in object detection, visual object recognition, speech recognition, face recognition, vision for driverless cars, virtual assistants, and many other fields such as genomics and drug discovery. Finally, this paper also showcases the current developments and challenges in training deep neural network.

scholarly journals Preface to the April 2018 Issue including selected works from CIbSE 2017 and LACLO 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Cancela ◽  
Isabel Brito ◽  
Luca Cernuzzi ◽  
Marcela Genero ◽  
Jesús García Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
The State ◽  
San Jose

This issue of the CLEIej consists of three main parts: i) a review paper on the state of the art of how contextual information extracted from a user task can help to improve searches for contents relevant to this task; ii) extended and revised versions of Selected Papers (which correspond to the second and third best paper from each track) presented at the XX Ibero-American Conference on Software Engineering (CIbSE 2017), which took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in May 2017; and, iii) extended and revised versions of selected papers from LACLO 2016, the XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology, which took place in San José, Costa Rica, in October 2016.

scholarly journals Review of single clustering methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Nurshazwani Muhamad Mahfuz ◽  
Marina Yusoff ◽  
Zakiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Real World Problems

<div style="’text-align: justify;">Clustering provides a prime important role as an unsupervised learning method in data analytics to assist many real-world problems such as image segmentation, object recognition or information retrieval. It is often an issue of difficulty for traditional clustering technique due to non-optimal result exist because of the presence of outliers and noise data.  This review paper provides a review of single clustering methods that were applied in various domains.  The aim is to see the potential suitable applications and aspect of improvement of the methods. Three categories of single clustering methods were suggested, and it would be beneficial to the researcher to see the clustering aspects as well as to determine the requirement for clustering method for an employment based on the state of the art of the previous research findings.</div>

scholarly journals A Review of PZT Patches Applications in Submerged Systems

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Presas ◽  
Yongyao Luo ◽  
Zhengwei Wang ◽  
David Valentin ◽  
Mònica Egusquiza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Vibration Control ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Mechanical And Structural Properties

Submerged systems are found in many engineering, biological, and medicinal applications. For such systems, due to the particular environmental conditions and working medium, the research on the mechanical and structural properties at every scale (from macroscopic to nanoscopic), and the control of the system dynamics and induced effects become very difficult tasks. For such purposes in submerged systems, piezoelectric patches (PZTp), which are light, small and economic, have been proved to be a very good solution. PZTp have been recently used as sensors/actuators for applications such as modal analysis, active sound and vibration control, energy harvesting and atomic force microscopes in submerged systems. As a consequence, in these applications, newly developed transducers based on PZTp have become the most used ones, which has improved the state of the art and methods used in these fields. This review paper carefully analyzes and summarizes these applications particularized to submerged structures and shows the most relevant results and findings, which have been obtained thanks to the use of PZTp.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Waste and Biomass: A Review on Process, Reactor, and Plant Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ischia ◽  
Luca Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Context Models

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging path to give a new life to organic waste and residual biomass. Fulfilling the principles of the circular economy, through HTC “unpleasant” organics can be transformed into useful materials and possibly energy carriers. The potential applications of HTC are tremendous and the recent literature is full of investigations. In this context, models capable to predict, simulate and optimize the HTC process, reactors, and plants are engineering tools that can significantly shift HTC research towards innovation by boosting the development of novel enterprises based on HTC technology. This review paper addresses such key-issue: where do we stand regarding the development of these tools? The literature presents many and simplified models to describe the reaction kinetics, some dealing with the process simulation, while few focused on the heart of an HTC system, the reactor. Statistical investigations and some life cycle assessment analyses also appear in the current state of the art. This work examines and analyzes these predicting tools, highlighting their potentialities and limits. Overall, the current models suffer from many aspects, from the lack of data to the intrinsic complexity of HTC reactions and HTC systems. Therefore, the emphasis is given to what is still necessary to make the HTC process duly simulated and therefore implementable on an industrial scale with sufficient predictive margins. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals A critical review of the data pipeline: how wastewater system operation flows from data to intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 2613-2634
Author(s):  
Jean-David Therrien ◽  
Niels Nicolaï ◽  
Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Smart Water ◽  
Data Pipeline ◽  
Systems Models

Abstract Faced with an unprecedented amount of data coming from evermore ubiquitous sensors, the wastewater treatment community has been hard at work to develop new monitoring systems, models and controllers to bridge the gap between current practice and data-driven, smart water systems. For additional sensor data and models to have an appreciable impact, however, they must be relevant enough to be looked at by busy water professionals; be clear enough to be understood; be reliable enough to be believed and be convincing enough to be acted upon. Failure to attain any one of those aspects can be a fatal blow to the adoption of even the most promising new measurement technology. This review paper examines the state-of-the-art in the transformation of raw data into actionable insight, specifically for water resource recovery facility (WRRF) operation. Sources of difficulties found along the way are pinpointed, while also exploring possible paths towards improving the value of collected data for all stakeholders, i.e., all personnel that have a stake in the good and efficient operation of a WRRF.

scholarly journals Micro- and Macroscale Consequences of Interactions between CO2 and Shale Rocks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Bhuiyan ◽  
Nicolaine Agofack ◽  
Kamila M. Gawel ◽  
Pierre R. Cerasi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In carbon storage activities, and in shale oil and gas extraction (SOGE) with carbon dioxide (CO2) as stimulation fluid, CO2 comes into contact with shale rock and its pore fluid. As a reactive fluid, the injected CO2 displays a large potential to modify the shale’s chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, which need to be well studied and documented. The state of the art on shale–CO2 interactions published in several review articles does not exhaust all aspects of these interactions, such as changes in the mechanical, petrophysical, or petrochemical properties of shales. This review paper presents a characterization of shale rocks and reviews their possible interaction mechanisms with different phases of CO2. The effects of these interactions on petrophysical, chemical and mechanical properties are highlighted. In addition, a novel experimental approach is presented, developed and used by our team to investigate mechanical properties by exposing shale to different saturation fluids under controlled temperatures and pressures, without modifying the test exposure conditions prior to mechanical and acoustic measurements. This paper also underlines the major knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to improve the safety and efficiency of SOGE and CO2 storage.

scholarly journals A review of the measurement of sediment yield in different scales

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos de Araújo ◽  
Donald W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Global Data

The present review paper has the objective of presenting and briefly discussing the state-of-the-art papers on sediment yield (SY) measurement. About 80 publications are referred to, representing all continents, and more than 30 countries. It is observed that SY measurement technique is a much stronger function of temporal than of spatial resolution. Annual average SY data of 364 catchments are summarized. Global data presents no trend concerning catchment area and the same behavior is observed for the continents, except for Africa, which presents a consistent decrease of SY with increasing area. A graphical representation of the spatial and temporal applicability of the different SY measurement techniques is shown.

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