Experimental Study of Premixed-Charge Compression Ignition Mode in Low Load Fueled With Butanol Isomers and Diesel Binary Fuels in a Common-Rail Diesel Engine

Abstract Low NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions are simultaneously attempted to implement via an experimental study on diesel/butanol isomers binary fuels in premixed-charge compression ignition (PCCI) mode. N-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol were blended with diesel in a certain volume ratio of 0.24:0.76, denoted as N24, I24, S24, and T24, respectively. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of binary fuels in PCCI mode decreases slightly than that in direction injection (DI) mode. T24 obtains higher ITE than the other three test fuels with 50% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). NOx formation is certainly inhibited more than 60% in PCCI mode, especially when the EGR rate is 50%. PCCI mode produces more CO, HC, and carbonyl emissions than DI mode to varying degrees; under these circumstances, T24 tends to have the lowest emissions among four test fuels, reflecting the potential of tert-butanol as a diesel alternative fuel. Butanol isomers have a vital contribution on particulate matter emissions inhibition for both PM total number and total mass. Tert-butanol tends to form accumulation mode particle, and n-butanol tends to form nucleation mode mainly caused by molecular structure diversity of isomers. The geometric mean diameter of diesel/butanol isomers increases in PCCI mode compared with that in DI mode.

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Characteristics of Particulate Matter Emissions on Diesel Passenger Vehicles Fueled with GTL Based on Real-Road Operating Parameters

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.253 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 534 ◽

pp. 253-260

Author(s):

Di Ming Lou ◽

Yi Zhou Zhao ◽

Yuan Hu Zhi ◽

Pi Qiang Tan ◽

Yan Juan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Particle Number ◽

Emission Rate ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Specific Power ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Mixture Ratio ◽

Passenger Vehicles ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions

An on-board experimental research was made on diesel passenger vehicles fueled with national IV diesel, gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel and three other different volume ratio of mixed fuel (G10D90, G20D80, G50D50) about the regularity of Particulate Matter (PM) emission characteristics changing with velocity, acceleration and vehicle specific power (VSP). The experimental results show that: PM emission rate increases gradually with higher velocity; acceleration leads to the deterioration of emissions; curves concave at the point when VSP value equals zero. Moreover, the emission rate of particle number decreases 50% to 60% while that of particle mass decreases 30% to 45% when the volumetric mixture ratio of GTL fuel improves. It is obvious that GTL fuel improves the characteristics of PM emission significantly, making it one of the promising clean alternative fuel.

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Optimization of a diesel engine calibration for operating with a residual glycerol-derived biofuel

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/1468087419891535 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 146808741989153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Magín Lapuerta ◽

Ángel Ramos ◽

Sara Rubio ◽

Carles Estévez

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Engine Calibration ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Gas Recirculation

The new European directive for the promotion of renewable energy mandates an increase in the share of advanced and waste-based biofuels in the transport sector. In this study, an advanced glycerol-derived biofuel was used as a component of a ternary blend, denoted as o·bio®. This blend included 27.4 %v/v of fatty acid glycerol formal ester, 69.6 %v/v of fatty acid methyl ester and 3 %v/v of acetals obtained as a by-product of the fatty acid glycerol formal ester production process (which were proved to improve cold-flow properties). Finally, o·bio® was blended with diesel fuel at a content of 20 %v/v. Two operating conditions based on usual driving modes were selected, where the engine calibration could be re-optimized after the change of fuel, corresponding to vehicle velocities of 50 and 70 km/h. Since the main effect of the blend used is to reduce particulate matter emissions, exhaust gas recirculation was increased and injection was delayed, so that the initial benefits in particulate matter emissions could be re-distributed into benefits in both particulate matter and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. From a combined analysis of the particulate matter–NOx trade-off and trying to limit the negative effect of delaying injection on fuel consumption, the final proposal was to set an additional 6% exhaust gas recirculation at 50 km/h and an additional 3% exhaust gas recirculation at 70 km/h, while delaying injection 2 °CA after top dead center at both vehicle operating conditions with respect to the original calibration. The use of the blend along with the optimization of the engine calibration is expected to reduce particulate matter and NOx emissions by around 50% with a vehicle speed condition of 50 km/h and to reduce particulate matter and NOx emissions by around 30% and 40% at 70 km/h with respect to diesel fuel emissions.

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Optimization of FOME (fish oil methyl esters) blend and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) for simultaneous control of NOx and particulate matter emissions in diesel engines

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2013.09.056 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 224-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

K. Bhaskar ◽

G. Nagarajan ◽

S. Sampath

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Diesel Engines ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Simultaneous Control ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Gas Recirculation

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Dilution Sensitivity of Particulate Matter Emissions From Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion

Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion ◽

10.1115/icef2015-1092 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Fang ◽

David B. Kittelson ◽

William F. Northrop

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Diesel Combustion ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Total Particulate Matter ◽

Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽

Carbonaceous Particles ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions ◽

Soot Emissions ◽

Hydrous Ethanol

Dual-fuel reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion can yield high thermal efficiency and simultaneously low NOx and soot emissions. Although soot emissions from RCCI is very low, hydrocarbon emissions are high, potentially resulting in higher than desired total particulate matter (PM) mass and number caused by semi-volatile species converting the particle phase upon primary dilution in the exhaust plume. Such high organic fraction PM is known to be highly sensitive to the dilution conditions used when collecting samples on a filter or when measuring particle number using particle sizing instruments. In this study, PM emissions from a modified single-cylinder diesel engine operating in RCCI and conventional diesel combustion modes were investigated under different dilution conditions. To investigate the effect of the fumigated fuel on the PM emissions, 150 proof hydrous ethanol and gasoline were used as low reactivity fuels to study the relative contribution of fumigant versus directly injected fuel on the PM emissions. Our study found that PM from RCCI combustion is more sensitive to the variation of dilution conditions than PM from single fuel conventional diesel combustion. RCCI PM primarily consisted of semi-volatile organic compounds and a smaller amount of solid carbonaceous particles. The fumigated fuel had a significant effect on the PM emissions characteristics for RCCI combustion. Hydrous ethanol fueled RCCI PM contained a larger fraction of volatile materials and were more sensitive to the variation of dilution conditions compared to the gasoline fueled RCCI mode.

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