Characteristics of Particulate Matter Emissions on Diesel Passenger Vehicles Fueled with GTL Based on Real-Road Operating Parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Di Ming Lou ◽  
Yi Zhou Zhao ◽  
Yuan Hu Zhi ◽  
Pi Qiang Tan ◽  
Yan Juan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

An on-board experimental research was made on diesel passenger vehicles fueled with national IV diesel, gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel and three other different volume ratio of mixed fuel (G10D90, G20D80, G50D50) about the regularity of Particulate Matter (PM) emission characteristics changing with velocity, acceleration and vehicle specific power (VSP). The experimental results show that: PM emission rate increases gradually with higher velocity; acceleration leads to the deterioration of emissions; curves concave at the point when VSP value equals zero. Moreover, the emission rate of particle number decreases 50% to 60% while that of particle mass decreases 30% to 45% when the volumetric mixture ratio of GTL fuel improves. It is obvious that GTL fuel improves the characteristics of PM emission significantly, making it one of the promising clean alternative fuel.

Experimental Study of Premixed-Charge Compression Ignition Mode in Low Load Fueled With Butanol Isomers and Diesel Binary Fuels in a Common-Rail Diesel Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Li ◽  
Guan Huang ◽  
Chenxu Jiang ◽  
Yong Qian ◽  
Zhuoyao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Tert Butanol ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract Low NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions are simultaneously attempted to implement via an experimental study on diesel/butanol isomers binary fuels in premixed-charge compression ignition (PCCI) mode. N-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol were blended with diesel in a certain volume ratio of 0.24:0.76, denoted as N24, I24, S24, and T24, respectively. The indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of binary fuels in PCCI mode decreases slightly than that in direction injection (DI) mode. T24 obtains higher ITE than the other three test fuels with 50% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). NOx formation is certainly inhibited more than 60% in PCCI mode, especially when the EGR rate is 50%. PCCI mode produces more CO, HC, and carbonyl emissions than DI mode to varying degrees; under these circumstances, T24 tends to have the lowest emissions among four test fuels, reflecting the potential of tert-butanol as a diesel alternative fuel. Butanol isomers have a vital contribution on particulate matter emissions inhibition for both PM total number and total mass. Tert-butanol tends to form accumulation mode particle, and n-butanol tends to form nucleation mode mainly caused by molecular structure diversity of isomers. The geometric mean diameter of diesel/butanol isomers increases in PCCI mode compared with that in DI mode.

scholarly journals Predicting the particulate matter emissions from spray-guided gasoline direct-injection spark ignition engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Leach ◽  
Richard Stone ◽  
Derek Fennell ◽  
David Hayden ◽  
Dave Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Direct Injection Spark Ignition

An index which links the fuel composition to particulate matter emissions (the PN index) was developed and is here evaluated with model fuels in a single-cylinder optical-access spray-guided direct-injection engine; the model fuels have independent control of the double-bond content and volatility, as used in the index. This index is investigated in three different engines: a single-cylinder research engine, a V8 engine recently available in the market and a current-production supercharged V6 engine. A number of market gasolines were tested in all three engines, and the results follow the trends predicted by the particle number index. Imaging of the in-cylinder sprays shows that the composition of the model fuels affects the mixture homogeneity and their particulate matter emissions; in particular, the lack of a light end in the model fuel composition can lead to misleadingly low particle number emissions owing to improved mixture preparation which is unrepresentative of market fuels. The PN index was investigated in a Jaguar Land Rover V6 engine with five different fuels over a simulated New European Driving Cycle, and the results show that the index trends are followed. The emissions were evaluated from two fuels representing the EU5 reference-fuel specifications that has been developed using the particle number index to give a difference in particulate matter emissions. The results from these fuels show that a difference in the particle number emissions of a factor of about 2 can be seen at both stoichiometric conditions and rich conditions, for two fuels representative of the EU5 reference-fuel specifications. This follows trends predicted by the particle number index. This has important implications for policy makers and European Union legislation, where particle number emissions from gasoline vehicles are now regulated for the first time, as batch-to-batch variations in the fuel composition would result in different test results under the current legislation.

Effect of the valve timing and the coolant temperature on particulate emissions from a gasoline direct-injection engine fuelled with gasoline and with a gasoline–ethanol blend

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (10) ◽  
pp. 1419-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Richard Stone ◽  
Dave Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Valve Timing ◽  
Total Particle Number ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Variable-valve-timing technology and ethanol addition to gasoline are both considered to be effective strategies for better performance and potential improvement in the fuel economy in gasoline engines. In this study, a Jaguar V8, naturally aspirated spray-guided direct-injection engine was operated with four different valve-timing combinations using an unleaded gasoline and a gasoline–10 vol % ethanol blend. The internal exhaust gas recirculation rate and the in-cylinder gas temperature were modelled for different valve-timing strategies. The results showed that a high valve overlap led to high internal exhaust gas recirculation and a high charge temperature, which evidently improved the fuel spray atomization and reduced the particulate matter emissions. Adding 10 vol % ethanol led to a rise in the total particle number and the total particle mass in emissions by a factor of up to 2 under warm-engine conditions (with a coolant temperature of 90 °C) but led to a reduction in the total particle number and the total particle mass in emissions by up to two-thirds under cold conditions (with a coolant temperature of 20 °C). Thermogravimetric analysis tests were conducted to analyse the compositions of filter-borne particulate matter emissions, and more than 75 mass % organic material was always present. All measurements are reported for both pre- and post-three-way-catalyst samples, the latter always showing a significant reduction (a factor of about 2) in the particulate matter emissions.

Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions from In-Use Passenger Vehicles Recruited in Three Locations: CRC Project E-24

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Cadle ◽  
Patricia Mulawa ◽  
Ronald A. Ragazzi ◽  
Kenneth T. Knapp ◽  
Joseph M. Norbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Particulate

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Risks of Particulate Matter Emissions from Road Transport Based on the Emission Inventory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6123
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bebkiewicz ◽  
Zdzisław Chłopek ◽  
Hubert Sar ◽  
Krystian Szczepański ◽  
Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental hazards posed by solid particles resulting from road transport. To achieve this, a methodology used to inventory pollutant emissions was used in accordance with the recommendations of the EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Economic Area). This paper classifies particulates derived from road transport with reference to their properties and sources of origin. The legal status of environmental protection against particulate matter is presented. The emissions of particulate matter with different properties from different road transport sources is examined based on the results of Poland’s inventory of pollutant emissions in the year 2018. This study was performed using areas with characteristic traffic conditions: inside and outside cities, as well as on highways and expressways. The effects of vehicles were classified according to Euro emissions standards into the categories relating to the emissions of different particulate matter types. The results obtained showed that technological progress in the automobile sector has largely contributed to a reduction in particulate matter emissions associated with engine exhaust gases, and that this has had slight effect on particulate matter emissions associated with the tribological processes of vehicles. The conclusion formed is that it is advisable to undertake work towards the control and reduction of road transport particulate matter emissions associated with the sources other than engine exhaust gases.

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