Design and Test of a Candidate Topping Combustor for Second Generation PFB Applications

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Garland ◽  
P. W. Pillsbury ◽  
T. E. Dowdy
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Second Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles utilize topping combustion to raise the combustion turbine inlet temperature to the state of the art. Principally for this reason, cycle efficiency is improved over first generation PFB systems. Topping combustor design requirements differ from conventional gas turbine combustors since hot, vitiated air from the PFB is used for both cooling and combustion. In addition, the topping combustor fuel, a hot, low-heating value gas produced from coal pyrolysis, contains ammonia. This NOx-forming constituent adds to the combustor’s unique design challenges. The candidate combustor is the multi-annular swirl burner (MASB) based on the design described by J.M. Beér. This concept embodies rich-burn, quick quench, and lean-burn zones formed aerodynamically. The initial test sponsored by the Department of Energy, Morgantown, West Virginia, has been completed and the results of that test are presented.

Materials Issues for PFBC Expander Turbines

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Several large pressurized fluidized bed combustion systems have recently been installed. In addition, second-generation concepts are being developed, in which the turbine inlet temperature will be appreciably higher. The durability of the gas turbine expander remains a question for the technology, and experience is limited. The available information is presented, and the potential problems of erosion, corrosion, and erosion/corrosion are discussed.

scholarly journals Integration of Combustion Turbine Systems Into Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Newby ◽  
W. F. Domeracki ◽  
A. W. McGuigan ◽  
R. L. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Hot Gas Filtration ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Currently, pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power plants apply multiple stages of cyclones to clean the combustion products prior to turbine expansion, and rugged, inefficient expanders are required for this dirty-gas duty. The turbine inlet temperature is limited to the fluid bed combustor temperature, about 843°C (1550°F), so the plant thermal efficiency is relatively low. The development of hot gas filtration and coal-gas topping for PFBC combined cycles is the next step in the evolution of PFBC, and will result in the use of modern, high-efficiency combustion turbines in PFBC applications as well as plant thermal efficiencies up to 47% (HHV). Westinghouse is developing integrated combustion turbine systems that interface with PFBC plants and incorporate the functions of hot gas filtration, alkali vapor removal, topping combustion, hot gas piping and control, and turbine compression and expansion. This paper reports on the engineering considerations made by Westinghouse for these integrated combustion turbine systems and summarizes the current development activities and status.

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure on Second-Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Robertson ◽  
D. Bonk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
New Type ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

In the search for a more efficient, less costly, and more environmentally responsible method for generating electrical power from coal, research and development has turned to advanced pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) and coal gasification technologies. A logical extension of this work is the second-generation PFBC plant, which incorporates key components of each of these technologies. In this new type of plant, coal is devolatilized/carbonized before it is injected into the PFB combustor bed, and the low-Btu fuel gas produced by this process is burned in a gas turbine topping combustor. By integrating coal carbonization with PFB coal/char combustion, gas turbine inlet temperatures higher than 1149°C (2100°F) can be achieved. The carbonizer, PFB combustor, and particulate-capturing hot gas cleanup systems operate at 871°C (1600°F), permitting sulfur capture by time-based sorbents and minimizing the release of coal contaminants to the gases. This paper presents the performance and economics of this new type of plant and provides a brief overview of the pilot plant test programs being conducted to support its development.

Study of Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles With Gas Turbine Topping Cycle

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bohn ◽  
G. H. Dibelius ◽  
R. U. Pitt ◽  
R. Faatz ◽  
G. Cerri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Topping Cycle ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
High Temperature Gas

Coal based combined cycles for efficient generation of electricity or cogeneration of thermal and mechanical (electrical) power can be realized making use of Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC). A draw-back with respect to the efficiency, however, is imposed from the combustion system limiting the temperature to some 850°C. This threshold may be overcome by integrating a high pressure, high temperature gas turbine topping cycle into the process. In a first step, the high pressure, high temperature gas turbine is fired by natural gas, and the exhaust gas of the turbine is fed to the PFB combustor as an oxygen carrier. In a future advanced system, the fuel gas may be provided by an integrated coal gasification process. A basic reference case has been established based on commercially available gas turbine equipment, hot gas filtration systems as actually tested in various pilot installations, and on a conservative steam cycle component technology. With an ISO gas turbine inlet temperature of 1165°C and an overall compression ratio of 16 up to 30, the entire process yields a net efficiency of some 46% (LHV) and an overall power output of some 750 MW with the gaseous fuel making up for some 50% of the overall energy input. Both the efficiency and the power output have been found rather insensitive with respect to a variation of the overall compression ratio. However, for a non-intercooled compression, an increase of the maximum process pressure would allow for the energy input to be shifted towards coal (and to reduce the natural gas input), and in particular for an elevated PFB combustor pressure considered mandatory for compactness as well as for combustion efficiency including emissions. The numerous calculations for the design, the optimization and the prediction of part-load operation of complex systems are efficiently performed with a semi-implicit method, the results of which have been checked carefully against those of a more conventional sequential approach and found in good agreement.

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