Comparison of Whole-Body Vibration Exposures on Older and Newer Haulage Trucks at an Aggregate Stone Quarry Operation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Mayton ◽  
Christopher C. Jobes ◽  
Richard E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vector Sum ◽  
Mean Vector ◽  
Sampling Times

Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and the postural requirements of the job have been identified as important risk factors in the development of musculoskeletal disorders of the back among workers exposed to a vibratory environment. This paper focuses on preliminary results of WBV data collected for two groups of haulage trucks — four older trucks from manufacturer A (MFR-A) and two newer trucks from manufacturer B (MFR-B). All of the trucks and their respective seats were considered to be in good working order during the study. Measurement periods for the truck groups had similarities, but varied from 2 to 58 minutes. Sampling times for the older trucks included a mean of 19.5 minutes and a standard deviation (STD) of 6.5 minutes compared to a mean of 40.8 minutes and a STD of 12.1 minutes for the newer trucks. Data collection coincided with the approximate delivery and first operation of the new trucks, and occurred approximately 12 months apart under similar weather and road conditions, and with the same drivers except an additional driver was included with the older trucks. Truck routes were somewhat different in that quarry production had changed location in the time between data collection activities. Overall, the results suggest that the newer trucks may provide better overall isolation to drivers/operators from WBV exposure compared to the older trucks operating at the quarry; although, this will need to be confirmed with additional measurements. Considering the higher variability and shorter sampling times for the older trucks, the results should be viewed with caution. For two of seven trials, the older trucks showed that seats amplified vibration, i.e., a transmissibility (T) >1.0. Seat T for the older trucks ranged from 0.31 to 1.17 with a mean of 0.77 and STD of 0.32. This contrasted with the newer haulage trucks where seats amplified vibration in 3 of 8 trials. In this case, T did not vary greatly and ranged from 0.87 to 1.05 with a mean of 0.97 and STD of 0.07. Regarding older trucks, in five of seven trials, the seat (output) data of weighted root-mean square (RMS) acceleration (wRMSz) for the dominant z-axis exceeded the action level of 0.5 m/s2 action level recommended by the European Union Good Practice Guide for WBV (EUGPG) and levels exceeded the recommended exposure limit of 1.15 m/s2 in two of the seven trials. The wRMSz values for the older trucks varied from 0.41 to 1.83 m/s2 with a mean of 0.99 and STD of 0.57. Similarly, newer trucks indicated a narrower range of wRMSz from 0.38 to 0.95 m/s2. The mean wRMSz was lower for the newer trucks at 0.58 m/s2 with a STD of 0.23 m/s2. Similarly, newer trucks indicated wRMSz reached or exceeded the action level in four of eight trials. None of the trials with the new trucks showed wRMSz levels that reached or exceeded the recommended 1.15 m/s2 exposure limit. As an indicator of driver/operator discomfort, overall weighted total RMS acceleration (vector sum) values seem to show a “rougher” ride for the older trucks. The vector sum values for these trucks ranged widely from 0.70 to 2.59 m/s2 and, in four of seven trials, showed levels greater than 1.40 m/s2. The mean vector sum was 1.44 m/s2 with a STD of 0.75 m/s2. Comparatively, the newer trucks exhibited less variation with a range from 0.69 to 1.59 m/s2. The mean vector sum was 1.02 m/s2 with a STD of 0.35 m/s2. Vibration dose values for the dominant z-axis (VDVz), gave a sense of vehicle jarring/jolting conditions. All trials with the older trucks were within the recommended EUGPG action level of 9.1 m/s1.75. On the other hand, in three of eight trials, both newer trucks exceeded this action level with values of 9.18, 12.58, and 13.21 m/s1.75. Neither truck group showed VDVz that exceeded the exposure limit of 21 m/s1.75. A statistical analysis was not conducted, since the differences reported between truck groups may not be statistically significant owing to the relatively small sample size. Road conditions, changes in the truck routes, and driver/operator differences (e.g., stopping and turning) are possible factors in the higher VDV for the newer trucks.

A Methodology for the Test Design and Evaluation of Human Whole-Body Vibration in Ground Vehicle Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 1192-1196
Author(s):  
Ellen C. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Iso 2631

To date, testing and evaluation of whole-body vibration in ground vehicle systems have not always fully utilized appropriate experimental design methodology, applicable statistical tests, or relevant criteria. A test design and evaluation methodology was developed to eliminate these oversights. This methodology uses inferential statistics, questionnaires, and a comparison of vibration data with representative mission scenarios. The methodology was employed in the evaluation of two alternative tracked ground vehicle designs. The independent variables were track type, terrain, vehicle speed, and crew position. The dependent variables were International Standards Organization (ISO) 2631 whole-body vibration exposure limit times at the lateral, transverse, and vertical axes. Two different multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) performed on the exposure limit data indicated that all main effects, as well as several interactions, were significant (p < .01). A comparison of exposure limits to a representative mission scenario indicated that both track types would exceed ISO 2631 exposure, comfort, and fatigue limits during expected travel over cross-country terrain. Crew questionnaires also indicated crew discomfort when exposed to this type of terrain. The experiment demonstrated that the procedure was useful in helping to determine the extent that vehicle vibration permits the performance of the vehicle mission, within limits dictated by safety, efficiency, and comfort.

scholarly journals Whole Body Vibration Analysis of Baby Hammock

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Ying Hao Ko ◽  
Chia Sin Geh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Rocking Motion ◽  
Action Value ◽  
Iso 2631

Studies have been carried on the effect of rocking on a baby and concluded that baby sleeps easier while being rocked. In Malaysia, as in many Southeast Asian Countries, it is common to put babies to sleep in a baby hammock. the vertical rocking motion generated by baby hammock has exposed babies to whole-body vibration (WBV). It has been shown by ISO2631 (1997) that WBV may lead the discomfort and adverse effect on health. Standards have been set by ISO 2631 (1997) concerning the WBV for people in a recumbent position and consider weighted vibrations of more than 2 m/s2 to be extremely uncomfortable. However, standards concerning the allowable amount vibrations a baby in a baby hammock can safety endure are currently lacking. WBV analysis of the baby hammock with the weight ranged from 3kg to 14kg is conducted. For each measurement, four conditions are considered: manual rocking, auto rocking with low, medium and high speed. In this study, average root-mean-square values for the acceleration were found to be at a maximum of 2.46 m/s2, and to be above the extremely uncomfortable level. This study develops a baseline exposure time for the baby hammock before it reaches the safety values of exposure action value (EAV) and exposure limit value (ELV) set by ISO 2631(1997).

Whole-Body Vibration Exposures Among Solid Waste Collecting Truck Operators

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 860-864
Author(s):  
Hyoung-gon (Frank) Ryou ◽  
Peter W Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vibration Action ◽  
Regular Work ◽  
Vector Sum

A number of studies have shown an association between whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure and the onset and development of low back pain among professional vehicle operators. This study measured WBV exposures from 12 drivers who operated four different types of solid waste collecting trucks during part of their regular work shift. The daily average weighted A(8), vibration dose value VDV(8), and vector sum A(8) and VDV(8) exposures were analyzed and compared across the solid waste collecting trucks. Study result showed that the majority of A(8) and all of the VDV(8) predominant axis exposures were above International Organization for Standardization (ISO) daily vibration action limit (A(8) = 0.5 m/s2, VDV(8) = 9.1 m/s1.75). Based on the predominant axis and vector sum exposures, most of the trucks reached the daily vibration action limits before 8-hours. When compared to the predominant axis A(8) exposures, the predominant axis VDV(8) exposures reduced the acceptable solid waste collecting truck operating times on average by over 4 hours. Our study results demonstrated that these solid waste collecting truck operators were exposed to high levels of both continuous and impulsive WBV exposures, with the impulsive WBV exposures indicating that they may pose a greater risk to the driver’s health.

Investigation of Whole Body Vibration on Urban Midi Bus

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2066-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rao Jaganmohan ◽  
S.P. Sivapirakasham ◽  
K.R. Balasubramanian ◽  
K.T. Sreenath
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Effect ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Vibration Magnitude

The objective of the study is to measure the whole body vibration (WBV) transmitted to the driver as well as the passengers during the operation of bus and to compare results with ISO 2631-1(1997) comfort chart and health guidance criteria. In this study, vibration exposure of the driver, passenger in the mid row seat and passenger in the rear row seat were measured at different operating conditions (static and dynamic). The BMI (Body Mass Index) was maintained for driver and passengers. The results of static test showed that the driver seat produced more vibrations compared to the passenger's mid row and rear row seat. This is due to the fact that driver seat was positioned close to the engine cabin. The results of dynamic test showed that, in all cases, the rear seat produced maximum vibrations. At 40 km/h speed the vibration magnitude exceeded the exposure limit at all tested seats. This high vibration magnitude might be due to the resonance effect caused between engine and chassis vibrations.

scholarly journals Whole Body Vibration on drivers seat and fender with fully loaded double axle tractor-trailers under different operating conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
MAN MOHAN DEO ◽  
ADARSH KUMAR ◽  
INDRA MANI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Spine Degeneration ◽  
Vector Sum ◽  
On Farm

Tractors play an important role in Indian agriculture; it is used for agricultural operations and as a common means of transportation in rural areas. It exposes the drivers and workers sitting on fenders to whole body vibration. which results into back pain, spine degeneration and even spine disc problems. Keeping this in mind a study was carried out to measure the whole body vibration on driver and fender seat with fully loaded double axle tractor-trailer under different operating conditions. Vibration was measured on two terrains (Asphalt, Farm), at three speed (10, 12, 14 km/h on asphalt terrain and 4, 5, 7 km/h on farm terrain, as per ISO-5008 (1979)), in three directions (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical) using tri-axial accelerometers. Data was taken for 120 s each and analyzed using vibration meter and analyzer for three replications of each treatments. Vector sum of vibration and Health Guidance Caution Zone upper and lower limit were obtained for different operating conditions to know the health effect of vibration.

Ia EPSPs in rat spinal motoneurons are potentiated after a 5-week whole-body vibration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Krutki ◽  
Włodzimierz Mrówczyński ◽  
Jan Celichowski ◽  
Marcin Bączyk
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Tonic Vibration Reflex ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Synaptic Excitation ◽  
The Mean

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is often applied as an alternative method for strength training or to prevent muscle force decrease. Previous studies indicated that WBV induced: 1) changes in the contractile parameters predominantly of fast motor units, 2) higher motoneuron excitability, and 3) higher motoneuron firing rates at lower stimulus intensities compared with the control. In this study, we evaluated the influence of WBV on Ia monosynaptic input from muscle spindles because the tonic vibration reflex is responsible for the enhancement of muscle activity observed after WBV. The aim was to answer the question of whether repeated activation of muscle spindles during WBV may result in altered synaptic excitation of motoneurons. WBV was performed on adult male Wistar rats, 5 days per week, for 5 weeks, and each daily session consisted of four 30-s runs of vibration at 50 Hz. Fast-type medial gastrocnemius motoneurons were investigated intracellularly in deeply anesthetized animals in the experimental (n=7, 34 motoneurons) and control (n=7, 32 motoneurons) groups. Monosynaptic Ia EPSPs were evoked by electrical stimulation of afferent fibers from the synergistic lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Data were analyzed using a mixed linear model. WBV induced an increase of the mean EPSP amplitude by 28% (P=0.025), correlated with the resting membrane potential and input resistance, and a shortening of the mean EPSP rise time by 11% (P=0.012). The potentiation of synaptic excitation of motoneurons indicates that WBV may support rehabilitation or training processes aimed at increasing muscle strength on the basis of increased motoneuronal drive.

The Effects of Acute and Long-Term Whole-Body Vibration Training on the Postural Control During Cognitive Task in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast ◽  
Rasool Bagheri ◽  
Ziaeddin Safavi-Farokhi ◽  
Mohammad Khaleghi Hashemian ◽  
Cyrus Taghizadeh Delkhosh
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
The Mean

Context: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common problem associated with impaired postural stability. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been developed to improve muscle function and reportedly improves postural stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 sessions of WBV on postural control during standing postural task in participants with CAI. Design: A controlled clinical trial study. Methods: Sixteen participants with CAI and 16 healthy participants aged between 20 and 40 years included in this study. They received WBV (30-Hz frequency, 3 series of four 45-s exercises with a 45-s rest) for a total of 12 sessions, 2 session per week for 6 weeks. Postural control was assessed by center of pressure (COP) parameters, including mean and SD in the anterior–posterior and medial–lateral displacement during single-leg standing. Assessments were done before and immediately after the first session and after the 12th session of WBV, with opened and closed eyes associated with easy and difficult cognitive tasks. Results: The results showed that the SD of COP displacement in the x-axis was significant in eyes opened and SD of COP displacement in the x- and y-axes were significant between groups in the eyes-opened, and eyes-closed conditions (P < .05). Analysis of variance indicated that the effect of WBV training was significant for the mean of COP displacement in the y-axis. Post hoc indicated that the effect of 12 sessions of WBV on the mean of COP displacement was significant in the CAI group (P < .05). However, the acute effect of WBV was not significant on the COP displacement in all axes (P > .05). Conclusion: Higher postural sway associated with postural cognitive interactions might be considered in the rehabilitation of CAI. Twelve sessions of WBV might induce some improvement in postural control with the method of WBV used in this study.

Does Whole-Body Vibration Training Have a Concurrent Effect on Bone and Muscle Health? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Christel Harijanto ◽  
Anthony Lim ◽  
Sara Vogrin ◽  
Gustavo Duque
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older People ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Central Registry ◽  
Muscle Health

Background: Aging results in musculoskeletal disorders, which are a leading cause of disability worldwide. While conventional nonpharmacological treatments have included interventions such as resistance exercise, there are subgroups of people who may be at risk of exercise-related injuries, for example, falls. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is an intervention that helps improve musculoskeletal function and is viable for those with limited mobility. Objectives: Whether WBV has a dual effect on bone and muscle conditions remains unknown. We aim to assess the evidence of the effects of WBV on bone and muscle parameters concurrently in older people. Methods: Under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. The main outcomes were changes in bone and muscle parameters. Results: Our meta-analysis showed that WBV does not have significant synergistic effects on measured bone (bone mineral density [BMD] in the hip and lumbar spine) and muscle (lean muscle mass and sit-to-stand time) outcomes, compared to controls (i.e., no WBV included). Conclusion: While there were no significant results, the included studies are limited by small sample size and variable intervention protocols and follow-up periods. Further trials should endeavor to measure both bone and muscle outcomes concurrently with a longer follow-up time. Osteoporosis status in participants must also be considered as it is not yet possible to exclude that WBV may have a significant effect on BMD in people with known osteoporosis. WBV does not appear to simultaneously influence bone and muscle health in older people, and future research is required to establish a regimen that may lead to measurable clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary response during whole-body vibration training in patients with severe COPD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 00101-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Gloeckl ◽  
Petra Richter ◽  
Sandra Winterkamp ◽  
Michael Pfeifer ◽  
Christoph Nell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Vibration Training ◽  
Whole Body Vibration Training ◽  
Severe Copd

Several studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown that whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has beneficial effects on exercise capacity. However, the acute cardiopulmonary demand during WBVT remains unknown and was therefore investigated in this study.Ten patients with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 38±8% predicted) were examined on two consecutive days. On day one, symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer. The next day, six bouts of repeated squat exercises were performed in random order for one, two or three minutes either with or without WBVT while metabolic demands were simultaneously measured.Squat exercises with or without WBVT induced comparable ventilatory efficiency (minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide production (V′CO2): 38.0±4.4 with WBVT versus 37.4±4.1 without, p=0.236). Oxygen uptake after 3 min of squat exercises increased from 339±40 mL·min−1 to 1060±160 mL·min−1 with WBVT and 988±124 mL min−1 without WBV (p=0.093). However, there were no significant differences between squat exercises with and without WBVT in oxygen saturation (90±4% versus 90±4%, p=0.068), heart rate (109±13 bpm versus 110±15 bpm, p=0.513) or dyspnoea (Borg scale 5±2 versus 5±2, p=0.279).Combining squat exercises with WBVT induced a similar cardiopulmonary response in patients with severe COPD compared to squat exercises without WBVT. Bearing in mind the small sample size, WBVT might be a feasible and safe exercise modality even in patients with severe COPD.

Influence of Speed in Whole Body Vibration Exposure in Heavy Equipment Mining Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz S. Marin ◽  
Andrés Rodriguez ◽  
Estefany Rey ◽  
Lope H. Barrero ◽  
Jack Dennerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Heavy Equipment ◽  
Vector Sum ◽  
Iso 2631

This study aimed to characterize and contrast the ISO 2631-1 daily average-continuous A(8) and cumulative-impulsive VDV(8) whole body vibration (WBV) exposures during the operation of mining heavy equipment vehicles (HEVs). In a cross-sectional study, WBV measurements were collected from six different types of HEVs. For each HEV, the daily A(8) and VDV(8) WBV exposures were determined for each axis (x, y and z) along with the vector sum (∑xyx).. The predominant axis of vibration exposure was related to and dependent on the type of HEV, which all have different average speeds. Most of the predominant axis WBV exposures were above the ISO daily vibration action limits and the vector sum-based WBV exposures were considerably higher. Our results indicated that mining HEV operators are exposed to high levels of both continuous and impulsive WBV exposures, with the impulsive WBV exposures being more restrictive with respect the HEVs daily maximum operation hours.

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