A Physics-Based Formal Vocabulary of Energy Verbs for Function Modeling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiradeep Sen ◽  
Joshua D. Summers ◽  
Xiaoyang Mao
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Complex Engineered Systems ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Engineered Systems

Abstract Function modeling of complex systems relies on predefined vocabularies of functions and flows. These vocabularies are usually developed in a top-down approach, i.e., by starting with a survey of existing systems and identifying their functions empirically. These vocabularies, while highly useful in manual modeling due to their expressive power and coverage, can be unsuitable for computerized modeling and reasoning, esp. for physics-based reasoning. To this end, this paper presents a physics-based vocabulary of function verbs developed using the bottom-up approach, where the need for the verbs is identified through a survey of physics phenomena involving operations on various energy forms allowed in physics. This survey results in a minimal set of only six verbs and two logical nodes that are proposed here. Each term is formally defined as object-oriented classes derived from more foundational classes proposed in prior research. The paper shows many applications of these terms, for modeling both simpler devices and more complex engineered systems. Collectively, this new vocabulary provides sufficient coverage over modeling needs and ensures models that are logically consistent and physics-wise valid.

MULTIMODAL EVALUATIONS OF JAPAN'S NANOTECHNOLOGY COMPETITIVENESS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1340003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAISUKE KANAMA
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Technology Competition ◽  
Venture Business ◽  
Industry Structures

In Japan, there are great expectations for nanotechnology because it is expected not only to renovate existing markets but also create new, large, and wide-ranging markets. Japan is generally believed to be strong in nanotechnology. However, how should the competitiveness of nanotechnology be measured? Based on publications, patents, venture business, and other survey results, this paper intends to discuss Japan's nanotechnology competitiveness and changes in the competition areas of nanotechnology by examining nanotechnology's technological characteristics and industry structures. A finding from this study is that in individual technology areas identified through quantitative analyses such as papers and patents, Japan's nanotechnology can be rated equal to or just behind that of the US. In the future, however, when nanotechnology commercialization becomes more widespread and the stages of technology competition change from top-down technology to bottom-up technology, Japan may lose relative competitiveness as it faces some barriers related to "nanosystematization".

scholarly journals A Congruence-Based Perspective on Finite Tree Automata

2022 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Pierre Ganty ◽  
Elena Gutiérrez ◽  
Pedro Valero
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Power ◽  
Tree Automata ◽  
Minimization Algorithm ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Finite Tree ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Original Result

We provide new insights on the determinization and minimization of tree automata using congruences on trees. From this perspective, we study a Brzozowski’s style minimization algorithm for tree automata. First, we prove correct this method relying on the following fact: when the automata-based and the language-based congruences coincide, determinizing the automaton yields the minimal one. Such automata-based congruences, in the case of word automata, are defined using pre and post operators. Now we extend these operators to tree automata, a task that is particularly challenging due to the reduced expressive power of deterministic top-down (or equivalently co-deterministic bottom-up) automata. We leverage further our framework to offer an extension of the original result by Brzozowski for word automata.

scholarly journals Improving Proteoform Identifications in Complex Systems Through Integration of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 3510-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah V. Schaffer ◽  
Robert J. Millikin ◽  
Michael R. Shortreed ◽  
Mark Scalf ◽  
Lloyd M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

scholarly journals Maximizing the Adjacent Possible in Automata Chemistries

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hickinbotham ◽  
Edward Clark ◽  
Adam Nellis ◽  
Susan Stepney ◽  
Tim Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Abstract Model ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Careful Design

Automata chemistries are good vehicles for experimentation in open-ended evolution, but they are by necessity complex systems whose low-level properties require careful design. To aid the process of designing automata chemistries, we develop an abstract model that classifies the features of a chemistry from a physical (bottom up) perspective and from a biological (top down) perspective. There are two levels: things that can evolve, and things that cannot. We equate the evolving level with biology and the non-evolving level with physics. We design our initial organisms in the biology, so they can evolve. We design the physics to facilitate evolvable biologies. This architecture leads to a set of design principles that should be observed when creating an instantiation of the architecture. These principles are Everything Evolves, Everything's Soft, and Everything Dies. To evaluate these ideas, we present experiments in the recently developed Stringmol automata chemistry. We examine the properties of Stringmol with respect to the principles, and so demonstrate the usefulness of the principles in designing automata chemistries.

The Power of Weighted Regularity-Preserving Multi Bottom-Up Tree Transducers

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Maletti
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Proof Technique ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Tree Transducer ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Tree Transducers

The expressive power of regularity-preserving [Formula: see text]-free weighted linear multi bottom-up tree transducers is investigated. These models have very attractive theoretical and algorithmic properties, but (especially in the weighted setting) their expressive power is not well understood. Despite the regularity-preserving restriction, their power still exceeds that of composition chains of [Formula: see text]-free weighted linear extended top-down tree transducers with regular look-ahead. The latter devices are a natural super-class of weighted synchronous tree substitution grammars, which are commonly used in syntax-based statistical machine translation. In particular, the linguistically motivated discontinuous transformation of topicalization can be modeled by such multi bottom-up tree transducers, whereas the mentioned composition chains cannot implement it. On the negative side, the inverse of topicalization cannot be implemented by any such multi bottom-up tree transducer, which confirms their bottom-up nature (and non-closure under inverses). An interesting, promising, and widely applicable proof technique is used to prove these statements.

scholarly journals Emergent Properties of Water Resources and Associated Watershed Systems

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
D.L. Marrin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Collective Interactions ◽  
Novel Structures

A challenge to managing water resources is characterizing the heterogeneity created by the interactions among hydrological, ecological and anthropological processes. An option applied to other scientific disciplines includes identifying and analyzing emergent phenomena in complex systems, whose components self-organize into novel structures or processes via their collective interactions with each other and the environment. A new level of organization and complexity emerges that cannot be predicted from or attributed to the components alone. Predictions based on the functionally emergent properties of watershed systems (top-down) differ from predictions based on reductionist models (bottom-up). This presentation reviews the ways in which emergent properties may be applied to water resources and associated systems.

Resilience Analysis and Allocation for Complex Systems Using Bayesian Network

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Yodo ◽  
Pingfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Complex Engineered Systems ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Engineering System Design ◽  
Allocation Approach

The concept of resilience has been explored in diverse disciplines. However, there are only a few which focus on how to quantitatively measure engineering resilience and allocate resilience in engineering system design. This paper is dedicated to exploring the gap between quantitative and qualitative assessments of engineering resilience in the domain of designing complex engineered systems, thus optimally allocating resilience into subsystems and components level in industrial applications. A conceptual framework is first proposed for modeling engineering resilience, and then Bayesian Network is employed as a quantitative tool for the assessment and analysis of engineering resilience for complex systems. One industrial-based case study, a supply chain system, is employed to demonstrate the proposed approach. The proposed resilience quantification and allocation approach using Bayesian Networks would empower system designers to have a better grasp of the weakness and strength of their own systems against system disruptions induced by adverse failure events.

Structure, behavior, and function of complex systems: The structure, behavior, and function modeling language

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok K. Goel ◽  
Spencer Rugaber ◽  
Swaroop Vattam
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Representation Function ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Functional Representation ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Behavior Function ◽  
And Function

AbstractTeleological modeling is fundamental to understanding and explaining many complex systems, especially engineered systems. Research on engineering design and problem solving has developed several ontologies for expressing teleology, for example, functional representation, function–behavior–structure, and structure–behavior–function (SBF). In this paper, we view SBF as a programming language. SBF models of engineering systems have been used in several computer programs for automated design and problem solving. The SBF language captures the expressive power of the earlier programs and provides a basis for interactive construction of SBF models. We provide a precise specification of the SBF language. We also describe an interactive model construction tool called SBFAuthor.

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