Modeling Considerations for Testing Full-Scale Offshore Wind Turbine Nacelles With Hardware-in-the-Loop

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Heinold ◽  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Amin Bibo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Torsional Frequency

Abstract When compared to open-loop configuration, full-scale wind turbine nacelle testing with Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) configuration allows for coupled electro-mechanical as well as full operational certification tests with the native nacelle controllers. This configuration requires a full turbine real-time simulation running in parallel to the nacelle under test. In this study, a baseline simulation model is used to investigate the nacelle fidelity necessary to capture dynamic characteristics of interest while meeting the real-time requirements. The same model is also utilized to understand the influence of different boundary conditions seen by the nacelle when mounted on a test bench without a rotor, tower, and platform. The results show that the torsional dynamics are mainly governed by the flexibility of the main shaft and the gearbox supports. It is also demonstrated that the abstraction of the nacelle leads to a torsional frequency shift and higher frequency content in component responses necessitating compensation techniques for proper implementation of HIL testing.

scholarly journals Simplified Floating Wind Turbine for Real-Time Simulation of Large-Scale Floating Offshore Wind Farms

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4571
Author(s):  
Thanh-Dam Pham ◽  
Minh-Chau Dinh ◽  
Hak-Man Kim ◽  
Thai-Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Simulation

Floating offshore wind has received more attention due to its advantage of access to incredible wind resources over deep waters. Modeling of floating offshore wind farms is essential to evaluate their impacts on the electric power system, in which the floating offshore wind turbine should be adequately modeled for real-time simulation studies. This study proposes a simplified floating offshore wind turbine model, which is applicable for the real-time simulation of large-scale floating offshore wind farms. Two types of floating wind turbines are evaluated in this paper: the semi-submersible and spar-buoy floating wind turbines. The effectiveness of the simplified turbine models is shown by a comparison study with the detailed FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) floating turbine model. A large-scale floating offshore wind farm including eighty units of simplified turbines is tested in parallel simulation and real-time software (OPAL-RT). The wake effects among turbines and the effect of wind speeds on ocean waves are also taken into account in the modeling of offshore wind farms. Validation results show sufficient accuracy of the simplified models compared to detailed FAST models. The real-time results of offshore wind farms show the feasibility of the proposed turbine models for the real-time model of large-scale offshore wind farms.

scholarly journals Control of an Open-Loop Hydraulic Offshore Wind Turbine Using a Variable-Area Orifice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Buhagiar ◽  
Tonio Sant ◽  
Marvin K. Bugeja
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Pelton Turbine ◽  
Hydroelectric Energy ◽  
Fixed Line

The viability of offshore wind turbines is presently affected by a number of technical issues pertaining to the gearbox and power electronic components. Current work is considering the possibility of replacing the generator, gearbox and electrical transmission with a hydraulic system. Efficiency of the hydraulic transmission is around 90% for the selected geometries, which is comparable to the 94% expected for conventional wind turbines. A rotor-driven pump pressurises seawater that is transmitted across a large pipeline to a centralised generator platform. Hydroelectric energy conversion takes place in Pelton turbine. However, unlike conventional hydro-energy plants, the head available at the nozzle entry is highly unsteady. Adequate active control at the nozzle is therefore crucial in maintaining a fixed line pressure and an optimum Pelton turbine operation at synchronous speed. This paper presents a novel control scheme that is based on the combination of proportional feedback control and feed forward compensation on a variable area nozzle. Transient domain simulation results are presented for a Pelton wheel supplied by sea water from an offshore wind turbine-driven pump across a 10 km pipeline.

VolturnUS 1:8: Conclusion of 18-Months of Operation of the First Grid-Connected Floating Wind Turbine Prototype in the Americas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Viselli ◽  
Andrew J. Goupee ◽  
Habib J. Dagher ◽  
Christopher K. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Mooring Line ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Floating Wind Turbine

This paper presents an overview of the successful conclusion of 18 months of testing the first grid-connected floating offshore wind turbine prototype in the Americas. The prototype, called VolturnUS 1:8, was installed off Castine, Maine, USA. The prototype is a 1:8 scale prototype and serves to de-risk the deployment of a full-scale 6MW turbine. VolturnUS utilizes innovations in materials, construction, and deployment technologies such as a concrete semi-submersible hull and an advanced composite tower to reduce the costs of offshore wind. The prototype unit was designed following the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) “Guide for Building and Classing Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Installations”. Froude scaling was used in designing the 1:8-scale VolturnUS prototype so that the motions of the prototype in the relatively protected site represent those of the full-scale unit in an open site farther offshore. During the past year, a comprehensive instrumentation package monitored key performance characteristics of the platform during operational, extreme, and survival storm conditions. Data collected include: wind speed, turbine power, rotor angular frequency, blade pitch, torque, acceleration; tower bending moment, 6 DOF accelerations at tower top and base, mooring line tensions, and wave elevation at the platform. During the past year the prototype has experienced many environments representative of scaled ABS design conditions including operational wind and sea-states, 50-year sea states and 500-year survival sea states. This large data set provides a unique view of a near full-scale floating wind turbine subjected to its prescribed environmental conditions. Inspections of the concrete hull following removal provided confirmation of material durability. Marine growth measurements provide data for future design efforts.

Foundation structural health monitoring of an offshore wind turbine—a full-scale case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Weijtjens ◽  
Tim Verbelen ◽  
Gert De Sitter ◽  
Christof Devriendt
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Structural Health

Wind Tunnel 2-DoF Hybrid/HIL Tests on the OC5 Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmas Bayati ◽  
Marco Belloli ◽  
Alan Facchinetti
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Tunnel Tests ◽  
Experimental Implementation

This paper presents the numerical and experimental implementation of a 2 degrees-of-freedom (DoF) setup for simulating the surge and pitch motion of OC5 semi submersible floating offshore wind turbine, through the “hardware-in-the-loop” (HIL) approach during wind tunnel tests. This approach is hybrid since a real-time combination of computations and measurements are carried out during the experiments. This allows to separate the model tests of floating wind turbines into wave/ocean basin and wind tunnel tests, as it is currently done within the H2020/LIFES50+ project respectively at Marintek (Norway) and Politecnico di Milano (Italy), with the possibility of exploiting the advantages of each facility and overcoming the scaling issues and conflicts (e.g. Froude-Reynolds) that are emphasized when it comes to testing both wind and wave in a single test facility. In this paper the modelling approach and experimental implementation are presented, with a special focus on signals and data handling in the real-time HIL control system aimed at minimizing the effect of model/full scale discrepancies. Results are shown for free decays, regular and irregular sea states, showing promising results for the next 6-DoF system being finalized.

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