Performance Analysis With Future Predictions of Different Solar Cooling Systems in Guayaquil, Ecuador

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Naranjo-Mendoza ◽  
Jesús López-Villada ◽  
Gabriel Gaona ◽  
Jerko Labus
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
System Configurations

This paper presents a comparative analysis of three different solar cooling system configurations developed for a case study building in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Guayaquil is a city located at the Ecuadorian coast with an average annual temperature of 25°C. The city’s need for air conditioning throughout the year and the relatively intense solar radiation provide a great opportunity for implementation of solar cooling systems. The first cooling system includes a 175 kWc single-effect absorption chiller powered by evacuated tubes solar thermal collectors. This system was compared with two 140 kWc compression chiller systems (air-cooled (AC) and water-cooled (WC)) powered by grid-connected photovoltaics. Both constant flow rate (CFR) and variable flow rate (VFR) of chilled water were analyzed. The three systems have to satisfy a cooling demand of the top floor in one governmental building (app. 1296 m2) which was selected as case study. Additionally, two 140 kWc conventional compression chiller systems (AC and WC) were included in the comparison as reference systems. Cooling demand of the building was simulated in EnergyPlus and coupled with the appropriate system configurations developed in TRNSYS. The weather file (TMY) was developed based on real meteorological data collected in the last decade. The present analysis was extended with the prediction scenarios for the years 2020, 2050 and 2080 using climate change adapted weather files.

Network modelling of dry-type transformer cooling systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cremasco ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Andreas Blaszczyk ◽  
Bogdan Cranganu-Cretu
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System Configurations ◽  
Dielectric Insulation

Purpose The application of dry-type transformers is growing in the market because the technology is non-flammable, safer and environmentally friendly. However, the unit dimensions are normally larger and material costs become higher, as no oil is present for dielectric insulation or cooling. At designing stage, a transformer thermal model used for predicting temperature rise is fundamental and the modelling of cooling system is particularly important. This paper aims to describe a thermal model used to compute dry transformers with different cooling system configurations. Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces a fast-calculating thermal and pressure network model for dry-transformer cooling systems, preliminarily verified by analytical methods and advanced CFD simulations, and finally validated with experimental results. Findings This paper provides an overview of the network model of dry-transformer cooling system, describing its topology and its main variants including natural or forced ventilation, with or without cooling duct in the core, enclosure with roof and floor ventilation openings and air barriers. Finally, it presents a formulation for the new heat exchanger element. Originality/value The network approach presented in this paper allows to model efficiently the cooling system of dry-type transformers. This model is based on physical principles rather than empirical assessments that are valid only for specific transformer technologies. In comparison with CFD simulation approach, the network model runs much faster and the accuracies still fall in acceptable range; therefore, one is able to utilize this method in optimization procedures included in transformer design systems.

scholarly journals A solar air-cooled high efficiency absorption system in dry hot climates: Reduction of water consumption and environmental impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2151-2162
Author(s):  
Jose Marcos ◽  
Raquel Lizarte ◽  
Fernando Varela ◽  
Maria Palacios-Lorenzo ◽  
Ana Blanco-Marigorta
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
Solar Cooling System

A solar cooling system with an optimized air-cooled double-effect water/LiBr absorption machine is proposed as a sustainable alternative to meet cooling demands in dry hot climates. This system allows eliminating the cooling towers in those regions of the planet where water is scarce. This work analyses the environmental benefits of this air-cooled system, as well as its environmental foot-prints, compared to a solar water-cooled single effect. In this regard, a methodology has been applied to calculate the annual saving in water consumption produced in a case study: a hospital located in Almer?a, in South of Spain. Further-more, the reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions is also quantified since this machine can be driven by solar energy and with higher efficiency than those of single effect.

Hybrid Cooling for Thermal-Electric Power Generation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Maulbetsch
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Hybrid Cooling ◽  
Dry Cooling

Water use by power plant cooling systems has become a critical siting issue for new plants and the object of increasing pressure for modification or retrofit at existing plants. Wet cooling typically costs less and results in more efficient plant performance. Dry cooling, while costing more and imposing heat rate and capacity penalties on the plant, conserves significant amounts of water and eliminates any concerns regarding thermal discharge to or intake losses on local water bodies. Hybrid cooling systems have the potential of combining the advantages of both systems by reducing, although not eliminating, water requirements while incurring performance penalties that are less than those from all-dry systems. The costs, while greater than those for wet cooling, can be less than those for dry. This paper addresses parallel wet/dry systems combining direct dry cooling using a forced-draft air-cooled condenser (ACC) with closed-cycle wet cooling using a surface (shell-and-tube) steam condenser and a mechanical-draft, counterflow wet cooling tower as applied to coal-fired steam plants, gas-fired combined-cycle plants and nuclear plants. A brief summary of criteria used to identify situations where hybrid systems should be considered is given. A methodology for specifying and selecting a hybrid system is described along with the information and data requirements for sizing and estimating the capital costs and water requirements a specified plant at a specified site. The methodology incorporates critical plant and operating parameters into the analysis, such as plant monthly load profile, plant equipment design parameters for equipment related to the cooling system, e.g. steam turbine, condenser, wet or dry cooling system, wastewater treatment system. Site characteristics include a water budget or constraints, e.g. acre feet of water available for cooling on an annual basis as well as any monthly or seasonal “draw rate” constraints and meteorological data. The effect of economic parameters including cost of capital, power, water and chemicals for wastewater treating are reviewed. Finally some examples of selected systems at sites of varying meteorological characteristics are presented.

scholarly journals Cost and Performance Goals for Commercial Active Solar Absorption Cooling Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Warren ◽  
M. Wahlig
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
System Cost ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling

Economic and thermal performance analysis is used to determine cost goals for typical commercial active solar cooling systems to be installed between the years 1986 and 2000. Market penetration for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems depends on payback period, which is related to the expected return on investment. Postulating a market share for solar cooling systems increasing to 20 percent by the year 2000, payback and return on investment goals as a function of year of purchase are established. The incremental solar system cost goals must be equal to or less than the 20-year percent value of future energy savings, based on thermal performance analysis, at the desired return on investment. The methodology is applied to determine the allowable incremental solar system cost for commercial-scale, 25-ton absorption cooling systems based on the thermal performance predicted by recent simulation analysis, Methods for achieving these cost goals and expected solar cooling system costs will be discussed.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Solar Cooling Systems with Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 08014
Author(s):  
Giovanni Brumana ◽  
Giuseppe Franchini ◽  
Elisa Ghirardi
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

The paper presents a complete solar cooling comparison. A detailed model of a tertiary sector building has been evaluated in three locations (Riyadh, Abu Dhabi, and Palermo) and coupled with four solar cooling systems: two solar thermal cooling systems (Li-Br absorption chiller and adsorption chiller), a solar Desiccant Evaporative Cooling system and a solar electric cooling (Photovoltaic coupled with Compression chiller). A multi-variable optimization procedure selects the optimal size of each component. The results show that the solar cooling system based on absorption chiller satisfied the cooling demand regardless of the site location whilst the performance of the Desiccant Evaporative Cooling system is dramatically affected by ambient conditions. The electric solar cooling option shows the best overall efficiency and appears a costeffective solution despite the high cost of the storage system.

Numerical Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in an Annular Porous Adsorber for Solar Cooling System

2010 ◽  
Vol 297-301 ◽  
pp. 802-807
Author(s):  
Nadia Allouache ◽  
Rachid Bennacer ◽  
Salahs Chikh ◽  
A. Al Mers
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Adsorbed Quantity ◽  
Solar Cooling System

The present study deals with a solid adsorption refrigerator analysis using activated carbon/methanol pair. It is a contribution to technology development of solar cooling systems. The main objective consists to analyse the heat and mass transfer in an annular porous adsorber that is the most important component of the system. The porous medium is contained in the annular space and the adsorber is heated by solar energy. A general model equation is used for modelling the transient heat and mass transfer. Effects of the key parameters on the adsorbed quantity, the coefficient of performance, and thus on the system performance are analysed and discussed.

Solar cooling system using concentrating collectors for office buildings: A case study for Greece

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 697-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Drosou ◽  
Panos Kosmopoulos ◽  
Agis Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Cooling System

Comparative Analysis of Solar Thermal Cooling and Solar Photovoltaic Cooling Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Fumo ◽  
V. Bortone ◽  
J. C. Zambrano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Solar Thermal Cooling ◽  
Thermal Cooling

The Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of Energy projects that more than 80% of the energy consumption of the U.S. by 2035 will come from fossil fuels. This projection should be the fuel to promote projects related to renewable energy in order to reduce energy consumption from fossil fuels to avoid their undesirable consequences such as carbon dioxide emissions. Since solar radiation match pretty well building cooling demands, solar cooling systems will be an important factor in the next decades to meet or exceed the green gases reduction that will be demanded by the society and regulations in order to mitigate environmental consequences such as global warming. Solar energy can be used as source of energy to produce cooling through different technologies. Solar thermal energy applies to technology such as absorption chillers and desiccant cooling, while electricity from solar photovoltaic can be used to drive vapor compression electric chillers. This study focuses on the comparison of a Solar Thermal Cooling System that uses an absorption chiller driven by solar thermal energy, and a Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System that uses a vapor compression system (electric chiller) driven by solar electricity (solar photovoltaic system). Both solar cooling systems are compared against a standard air cooled cooling system that uses electricity from the grid. The models used in the simulations to obtain the results are described in the paper along with the parameters (inputs) used. Results are presented in two figures. Each figure has one curve for the Solar Thermal Cooling System and one for the Solar Photovoltaic Cooling System. One figure allows estimation of savings calculated based the net present value of energy consumption cost. The other figure allows estimating primary energy consumption reduction and emissions reduction. Both figures presents the result per ton of refrigeration and as a function of area of solar collectors or/and area of photovoltaic modules. This approach to present the result of the simulations of the systems makes these figures quite general. This means that the results can be used to compare both solar cooling systems independently of the cooling demand (capacity of the system), as well as allow the analysis for different sizes of the solar system used to harvest the solar energy (collectors or photovoltaic modules).

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