Urban WRF-Solar Validation and Potential for Power Forecast in New York City

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Gamarro ◽  
Jorge E. Gonzalez ◽  
Luis E. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sky Conditions

Recent developments in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model have made it possible to accurately approximate solar power through the implementation of WRF-Solar. This study couples the WRF-Solar module with a multilayer urban canopy and building energy model in New York City (NYC) to create a unified WRF forecasting model called uWRF-Solar. Hourly time resolution forecasts are validated against ground station data collected at eight different sites. The validation is carried out independently for two different sky conditions: clear and cloudy. Results indicate that the uWRF-Solar model can forecast solar irradiance considerably well for the global horizontal irradiance (GHI) with an R squared value of 0.93 for clear sky conditions and 0.76 for cloudy sky conditions. Results are further used to directly forecast solar power production in the NYC region, where a power evaluation is done at a city scale. The outputs show a gradient of power generation produced by the potential available solar energy on the entire uWRF-Solar grid. In total, for the month of July 2016, NYC had a city PV potential of 233 kW/day/m2 and 7.25 MWh/month/m2.

On the Assessment of a Numerical Weather Prediction Model for Solar Photovoltaic Power Forecasts in Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Gamarro ◽  
Jorge E. Gonzalez ◽  
Luis E. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Numerical Weather Prediction Model ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
The City

Recent developments in the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model have made it possible to accurately estimate incident solar radiation. This study couples the WRF-solar modifications with a multilayer urban canopy and building energy model (BEM) to create a unified WRF forecasting system called urban WRF–solar (uWRF-solar). This paper tests the integrated approach in the New York City (NYC) metro region as a sample case. Hourly forecasts are validated against ground station data collected at ten different sites in and around the city. Validation is carried out independently for clear, cloudy, and overcast sky conditions. Results indicate that the uWRF-solar model can forecast solar irradiance considerably well for the global horizontal irradiance (GHI) with an R2 value of 0.93 for clear sky conditions, 0.61 for cloudy sky conditions, and finally, 0.39 for overcast conditions. Results are further used to directly forecast solar power production in the region of interest, where evaluations of generation potential are done at the city scale. Outputs show a gradient of power generation produced by the potential available solar energy on the entire uWRF-solar grid. In total, the city has a city photovoltaic (PV) potential of 118 kWh/day/m2 and 3.65 MWh/month/m2.

scholarly journals New York City Impacts on a Regional Heat Wave

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Ortiz ◽  
Jorge E. Gonzalez ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Martin Schoonen ◽  
Jeffrey Tongue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
York City ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Energy And Momentum

ABSTRACTHeat waves are projected to increase in magnitude and frequency throughout this century because of increasing global temperatures, making it critically important to acquire improved understanding of their genesis and interactions with large cities. This study presents an application of the method of factor separation to assess combined impacts of a synoptic-scale heat wave, urban land cover, and urban energy and momentum fluxes on temperatures and winds over New York City, New York, via use of high-resolution simulations (1-km grid spacing) with an urbanized version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Results showed that factors behaved different throughout the day, with synoptic conditions dominating afternoon temperature contributions (>7°C). At night, combined urban surface factors contributed over 5°C during the heat wave and up to 1.5°C on non-heat-wave days. Positive interactions among all factors during morning and nighttime indicate an amplification of the urban heat island of up to 4°C during the heat wave. Midtown Manhattan vertical cross sections, where urban canopies are most dense, showed a change in the sign (from positive to negative) of the contribution of the urban fluxes between night and day below 500 m, possibly as a result of decreased radiative cooling from trapping by buildings and increased thermal storage by buildings as well as frictional effects that oppose the incoming warm air.

Urban Canopy Modeling of the New York City Metropolitan Area: A Comparison and Validation of Single- and Multilayer Parameterizations

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 1906-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Holt ◽  
Julie Pullen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract High-resolution numerical simulations are conducted using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 with two different urban canopy parameterizations for a 23-day period in August 2005 for the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area. The control COAMPS simulations use the single-layer Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Urban Canopy Model (W-UCM) and sensitivity simulations use a multilayer urban parameterization based on Brown and Williams (BW-UCM). Both simulations use surface forcing from the WRF land surface model, Noah, and hourly sea surface temperature fields from the New York Harbor and Ocean Prediction System model hindcast. Mean statistics are computed for the 23-day period from 5 to 27 August (540-hourly observations) at five Meteorological Aviation Report stations for a nested 0.444-km horizontal resolution grid centered over the NYC metropolitan area. Both simulations show a cold mean urban canopy air temperature bias primarily due to an underestimation of nighttime temperatures. The mean bias is significantly reduced using the W-UCM (−0.10°C for W-UCM versus −0.82°C for BW-UCM) due to the development of a stronger nocturnal urban heat island (UHI; mean value of 2.2°C for the W-UCM versus 1.9°C for the BW-UCM). Results from a 24-h case study (12 August 2005) indicate that the W-UCM parameterization better maintains the UHI through increased nocturnal warming due to wall and road effects. The ground heat flux for the W-UCM is much larger during the daytime than for the BW-UCM (peak ∼300 versus 100 W m−2), effectively shifting the period of positive sensible flux later into the early evening. This helps to maintain the near-surface mixed layer at night in the W-UCM simulation and sustains the nocturnal UHI. In contrast, the BW-UCM simulation develops a strong nocturnal stable surface layer extending to approximately 50–75-m depth. Subsequently, the nocturnal BW-UCM wind speeds are a factor of 3–4 less than W-UCM with reduced nighttime turbulent kinetic energy (average < 0.1 m2 s−2). For the densely urbanized area of Manhattan, BW-UCM winds show more dependence on urbanization than W-UCM. The decrease in urban wind speed is most prominent for BW-UCM both in the day- and nighttime over lower Manhattan, with the daytime decrease generally over the region of tallest building heights while the nighttime decrease is influenced by both building height as well as urban fraction. In contrast, the W-UCM winds show less horizontal variation over Manhattan, particularly during the daytime. These results stress the importance of properly characterizing the urban morphology in urban parameterizations at high resolutions to improve the model’s predictive capability.

New York City

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
York City ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The City

The island of Manhattan is one of five boroughs that comprises modern-day New York City. Joining the neighboring boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island, the City of New York was consolidated as such in 1898. While part of a larger whole, “New York City architecture” typically refers to the built environment of Manhattan. Indeed, the iconic image of contemporary New York City is the Manhattan skyline. Its tall buildings have historically been concentrated in the Financial District on the southern tip of the island, and in Midtown, although recent developments have seen these traditional boundaries expand northward and to the outer boroughs. By the early 1700s, the Native Lenape population had largely been displaced by colonists—first the Dutch, who named their community on the southern tip of Manhattan New Amsterdam, and later the British, who again rechristened this area New York. As a result of the near-continuous cycle of demolition and construction that has characterized so much of New York’s history, little evidence of the earliest structures—both Native and European—survives. Yet the Dutch and British settlements laid the ground work for future expansion. With a population concentrated at the southern tip of the island, subsequent development continuously pushed northward. Infrastructure projects like the Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, physically connected Manhattan to then-neighboring city of Brooklyn, and subsequent bridges and tunnels further linked the island to its surroundings, creating a regional metropolis. Because of New York’s significance to national history—for a short time, it was the capital of the early Republic, and in the 20th and 21st centuries it is a capital of finance, media, and visual culture—literature on the city’s built environment is vast. This bibliography thus proceeds from general resources to a chronology that begins in the late 18th century, and continues up to recent developments in the architecture and urban planning that shape the city in the early 21st century.

Simulations of a Heat-Wave Event in New York City Using a Multilayer Urban Parameterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estatio Gutiérrez ◽  
Jorge E. González ◽  
Alberto Martilli ◽  
Robert Bornstein ◽  
Mark Arend
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
York City ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Time Step ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale model coupled to a multilayer urban canopy parameterization was used to evaluate the evolution of a 3-day heat wave in New York City, New York, during the summer of 2010. Results from three simulations with different degrees of urban modeling complexity and one with an absence of urban surfaces are compared with observations. To improve the city morphology representation, building information was assimilated and the land cover land-use classification was modified. The thermal and drag effects of buildings represented in the multilayer urban canopy model improve simulations over urban regions, giving better estimates of the surface temperature and wind speed. The accuracy of the simulation is further assessed against more simplified urban parameterizations models. The nighttime excessive cooling shown by the Building Energy Parameterization is compensated for when the Building Energy Model is activated. The turbulent kinetic energy is vertically distributed when using the multilayer scheme with a maximum at the average building height, whereas turbulence production is confined to a few meters above the surface when using the simplified scheme. Evidence for the existence of horizontal roll vortices is presented, and the impact that the horizontal resolution and the time step value have on their formation is assessed.

An Important Armenian MS. with Greek Miniatures

1942 ◽  
Vol 74 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
H. Kurdian
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Christian Iconography

In 1941 while in New York City I was fortunate enough to purchase an Armenian MS. which I believe will be of interest to students of Eastern Christian iconography.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

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