Multi-Body Modeling of Human Musculoskeletal System for an Exercise Therapy Method and its Verification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munehiro Michael Kayo ◽  
Yoshiaki Ohkami
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Multi Body

The objective of this paper is to establish a concise structural model of the human musculoskeletal system (HMS) that can be applied to an exercise therapy that treats malfunctions or distortions of the human body. There exist a number of traditional exercise therapy methods in Japan and China, but any systematic approaches for learning, coaching or training are not found to the best of the author’s knowledge. Among such approaches, we deal with an exercise therapy called Somatic Balance Restoring Therapy (SBRT) in which a patient executes a series of non-invasive and painless motions in face-up/down laid posture. Although thousands of results have been piled up in a fixed-format data base, justification for the SBRT has not been provided in bio/mechanical engineering sense. The purpose of modeling is a first step for this holistic approach. For such reasons, the model must be useful and uncomplicated for therapists to identify the problematic areas of the human body with adequate visualization while maintaining a theoretical thoroughness in mechanics or dynamics. To bridge multi-body dynamics and the SBRT, we have utilized a human body model with a collection of joint connected 15 rigid bodies in a topological tree configuration as used for humanoid robot with 80 Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF). In order to achieve the purpose stated above, we have developed a static force/torque balance equation for each body element. In addition, we will describe modeling processes, derivation of static equations, and estimation of parameters/states and verification based on the analysis of the FPS experimental data, and contact forces are parameterized with quantitative values to be given by the Force Plate System (FPS), installed at CARIS at the University of British Columbia (UBC).

Structural Modeling of the Human Musculoskeletal System for Clinical Treatment by Applying Joint-Connected Multibody Dynamics and System Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munehiro Michael Kayo ◽  
Yoshiaki Ohkami
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Square Matrix

The objective of this paper is to establish a concise structural model of the human musculoskeletal system (HMS) that can be used to clinically treat malfunctions or distortions of the human body. This model must be uncomplicated for therapists to identify the problematic areas of the human body with adequate visualization while maintaining a theoretical thoroughness in mechanics. To achieve this objective, a system theory approach called the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) has been applied to bridge multi-body dynamics and clinical observations. From a mechanical engineering viewpoint, this HMS system can be treated as a collection of joint connected 15 rigid bodies in a topological tree configuration with 35 Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF). Alternatively, from a clinical viewpoint, the functioning of the joints is a major concern since most malfunctions or distortions take place around the joints. Based on 20 years of accumulated clinical observation data, we have discovered that all HMS movements can be constructed by a combination of 35 fundamental motion elements, all having a certain degree of interaction with each other. By applying the ISM for a matrix representation of the HMS system, we have obtained the following results: 1) The association between the rotation of the joints and the fundamental motion elements is represented by a square matrix of dimension N, where N is twice of the DOF 2) The determinant of this matrix, corresponding to the N-square matrix in SE terminology, gives an evaluation criteria in selecting the fundamental elements; 3) Application of the ISM reveals a distinction between an active motion element with intention versus an associated motion element that is induced by another motion element(s). In addition, the ISM yields a tiered structure of the fundamental motion elements according to the degree of activeness; and 4) most important, an overall investigation of the matrix characteristics gives a means to identify imbalances or distortions within the HMS. With the help of a motion diagram for the purpose of visualization, this research can eventually be applied to clinical observations whereby an automated identification of malfunctioning parts can be achieved with computer software. The above stated results will contribute to a holistic and non-invasive approach for medical care and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals A multi-body human model for rear-impact simulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Himmetoglu ◽  
M Acar ◽  
K Bouazza-Marouf ◽  
A Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Impact Response ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Multi Body

This paper presents the validation of a 50th-percentile male multi-body human model specifically developed for rear-impact simulation. The aim is to develop a biofidelic model with the simplest architecture that can simulate the interaction of the human body with the seat during rear impact. The model was validated using the head-and-neck and torso responses of seven volunteers from the Japanese Automobile Research Institute sled tests, which were performed at an impact speed of 8km/h with a rigid seat and without head restraint and seat belt. The results indicate that the human-body model can effectively mimic the rear-impact response of a 50th-percentile male with a good level of accuracy and has the potential to predict whiplash injury.

An Enhanced Articulated Human Body Model Under C4 Blast Loadings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Tan ◽  
R. Kannan ◽  
Andrzej J. Przekwas ◽  
Kyle Ott ◽  
Tim Harrigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Boundary Treatment ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Human Body Surface ◽  
Multi Body

Previously we had developed an articulated human body model to simulate the kinematic response to the external loadings, using CFDRC’s CoBi implicit multi-body solver. The anatomy-based human body model can accurately account for the surface loadings and surface interactions with the environment. A study is conducted to calibrate the joint properties (for instance, the joint rotational damping) of the articulated human body by comparing its response with those obtained from the PMHS test under moderate loading conditions. Additional adjustments in the input parameters also include the contact spring constants for joint stops at different joint locations. By comparing the computational results with the real scenarios, we fine tune these input parameters and further improve the accuracy of the articulated human body model. In order to simulate the effect of a C4 explosion on a human body in the open field, we employ a CFD model with a good resolution and the appropriate boundary treatment to obtain the blast loading condition on the human body surface more accurately. The numerical results of the blast simulation are shown to be comparable to the test data. With the interface to apply the blast pressure loading from the CFD simulation on the articulated human body surface, the articulated human body dynamics due to the C4 explosions are modeled and the simulation results are shown to be physiological reasonable.

scholarly journals Spine injury assessment under spaceflight landing conditions using multibody model

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567
Author(s):  
AA Pasha Zanoosi ◽  
R Kalantarinejad ◽  
M Haghpanahi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Multibody Modeling ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Injury Assessment

The novelty of the study relies on the fact that current simulations of human body to assess spine injury are based on finite element method. Spine injury assessment is an important point in designing spacecraft seat especially during landing. The finite element-based human body simulations are very time-consuming and computationally expensive. These problems make it difficult to perform high computational simulations such as optimization, sensitivity analysis, and so forth. Hence, in this study, it is tried to resolve these problems by developing a multibody model of human body in landing phase of spacecraft. This model makes designers able to perform corresponding simulations faster with acceptable accuracy. This study presents a dynamic multibody model of spacecraft seat-occupant system for spine injury assessment under landing conditions. The landing situation of spacecraft exposes shock loads to the spacecraft and astronaut. Hence, spine injury assessment under landing conditions enables optimal injury design of seat-occupant system. The modeling method is based on using the multibody modeling to achieve a detailed description containing the nonlinear properties and the accuracy of a multibody dynamic model considering whole body comprising stretching of vertebrae. The human body model comprises head, spine, femur, and shank lying on a flexible polyurethane foam as seat cushion. To model the spine, viscera, and pelvis in the sagittal plane, the spine column considered to be rigid bodies accompanied by spring-damper elements. To validate the developed model, the modal analysis and seat-to-head transmissibility of the spine has been validated by comparing with previously published models. Finally, as an application, the developed model has been exposed to a landing shock load for spine injury assessment.

Planar Multi-body Dynamics of a Tracked Vehicle using Imaginary Wheel Model for Tracks

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Ilango Mahalingam ◽  
Chandramouli Padmanabhan
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Model ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Tracked Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
Longitudinal Slip ◽  
Multi Body

<p class="p1">Off-road vehicles achieve their mobility with the help of a track system. A track has large number of rigid bodies with pin joints leading to computational complexity in modelling the dynamic behaviour of the system. In this paper, a new idea is proposed, where the tracks are replaced by a set of imaginary wheels connected to the road wheels using mechanical links. A non-linear wheel terrain interaction model considering longitudinal slip is used to find out the normal and tangential contact forces. A linear trailing arm suspension, where a road arm connecting the road wheel and chassis with a rotational spring and damper system is considered. The differential algebraic equations (DAEs) from the multi-body model are derived in Cartesian coordinates and formulated using augmented formulation. The augmented equations are solved numerically using appropriate stabilisation techniques. The novel proposition is validated using experimental measurements done on a tracked vehicle.</p>

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