Effect of Distributed Generation on Voltage Levels in a Radial Distribution Network Without Communication

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allie E. Auld ◽  
Jack Brouwer ◽  
Scott Samuelsen ◽  
Keyue M. Smedley
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Drop ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Distribution Feeder ◽  
Circuit Power

The challenges associated with incorporating a large amount of distributed generation (DG), including fuel cells, into a radial distribution feeder are examined using a Matlab/Simulink™ model. Two generic distribution feeder models are used to investigate possible scenarios where voltage problems may occur. Modern inverter topologies make ancillary features, such as on-demand reactive power generation/consumption economical to include, which expands the design space across which DG can function in the distribution system. The simulation platform enables testing of the following local control goals: DG connected with unity power factor, DG and load connected with unity power factor, DG connected with local voltage regulation (LVR), and DG connected with real power curtailment. Both the LVR and curtailment strategies can regulate the voltage of the simplest circuit case, but the circuit utilizing a substation with load drop compensation has no universal solution. Even DG with a penetration level around 10% of rated circuit power can cause overvoltage problems with load drop compensation. This implies that some degree of communication will be needed to reliably install a large amount of DG on a distribution circuit.

scholarly journals Effects of Distributed Generation on Voltage Levels in a Radial Distribution Network Without Communication

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allie E. Auld ◽  
Jack Brouwer ◽  
Keyue M. Smedley ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Load Drop ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
Distribution Feeder

The challenges associated with incorporating a large amount of distributed generation (DG), including fuel cells, into a radial distribution feeder are examined using a dynamic MATLAB/SIMULINK™ model. Two generic distribution feeder models are used to investigate possible scenarios where voltage problems may occur. Modern inverter topologies make ancillary services, such as on-demand reactive power generation/consumption economical to include, which expands the design space across which DG can function in the distribution system. The simulation platform enables testing of the following local control goals: DG connected with unity power factor, DG and load connected with unity power factor, DG connected with local voltage regulation (LVR), and DG connected with real power curtailment. Both the LVR and curtailment strategies can regulate the voltage of the simple circuit case, but the circuit utilizing a substation with load drop compensation has no universal solution. Even DG with a penetration level around 10% of rated circuit power can cause overvoltage problems with load drop compensation. The real power curtailment control strategy creates the best overall circuit efficiency, while all other control strategies result in low light load efficiency at high DG penetrations. The lack of a universal solution implies that some degree of communication will be needed to reliably install a large amount of DG on a distribution circuit.

scholarly journals Voltage Rise Regulation with a Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7510
Author(s):  
Akinyemi Ayodeji Stephen ◽  
Kabeya Musasa ◽  
Innocent Ewean Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Voltage Amplitude ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Unity Power Factor ◽  
Voltage Rise ◽  
Grid Current

Renewable Distributed Generation (RDG), when connected to a Distribution Network (DN), suffers from power quality issues because of the distorted currents drawn from the loads connected to the network over generation of active power injection at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). This research paper presents the voltage rise regulation strategy at the PCC to enhance power quality and continuous operation of RDG, such as Photovoltaic Arrays (PVAs) connected to a DN. If the PCC voltage is not regulated, the penetration levels of the renewable energy integration to a DN will be limited or may be ultimately disconnected in the case of a voltage rise issue. The network is maintained in both unity power factor and voltage regulation mode, depending on the condition of the voltage fluctuation occurrences at the PCC. The research investigation shows that variation in the consumer’s loads (reduction) causes an increase in the power generated from the PVA, resulting in an increase in the grid current amplitude, reduction in the voltage of the feeder impedance and an increase in the phase voltage amplitude at the PCC. When the system is undergoing unity power factor mode, PCC voltage amplitude tends to rises with the loads. Its phase voltage amplitude rises above an acceptable range with no-loads which are not in agreement, as specified in the IEEE-1547 and Southern Africa grid code prerequisite. Incremental Conduction with Integral Regulator bases (IC + PI) are employed to access and regulate PVA generation, while the unwanted grid current distortions are attenuated from the network using an in-loop second order integral filtering circuit algorithm. Hence, the voltage rise at the PCC is mitigated through the generation of positive reactive power to the grid from the Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM), thereby regulating the phase voltage. The simulation study is carried out in a MATLAB/Simulink environment for PVA performance.

Swarm-Intelligence-Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Perumal Nallagownden ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
Luqman Hakim Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement

In the distribution system, distributed generation (DG) are getting more important because of the electricity demands, fossil fuel depletion and environment concerns. The placement and sizing of DGs have greatly impact on the voltage stability and losses in the distribution network. In this chapter, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been proposed for optimal placement and sizing of DG to improve voltage stability index in the radial distribution system. The two i.e. active power and combination of active and reactive power types of DGs are proposed to realize the effect of DG integration. A specific analysis has been applied on IEEE 33 bus system radial distribution networks using MATLAB 2015a software.

scholarly journals Novel Approach For Minimal Injected Harmonics At Distribution Level – Svc

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
V. Lakshmi Devi ◽  
T. Phanindra
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Cost

Electrical distribution system suffers from various problems like reactive power burden, unbalanced loading, voltage regulation and harmonic distortion. Though DSTATCOMS are ideal solutions for such systems, they are not popular because of the cost and complexity of control involved. Phase wise balanced reactive power compensations are required for fast changing loads needing dynamic power factor correcting devices leading to terminal voltage stabilization. Static Var Compensators (SVCs) remain ideal choice for such loads in practice due to low cost and simple control strategy. These SVCs, while correcting power factor, inject harmonics into the lines causing serious concerns about quality of the distribution line supplies at PCC. This paper proposes to minimize the harmonics injected into the distribution systems by the operation of TSC-TCR type SVC used in conjunction with fast changing loads at LV distribution level. Fuzzy logic system and ANN are going to be used solve this nonlinear problem, giving optimum triggering delay angles used to trigger switches in TCR. The scheme with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is attractive and can be used at distribution level where load harmonics are within limits. Verification of the system and by using mat lab / simulink with proper modeling.

scholarly journals Loss Minimization of Power Distribution Network using Different Types of Distributed Generation Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Su Hlaing Win ◽  
Pyone Lai Swe
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Optimum Location ◽  
Power Losses

A Radial Distribution network is important in power system area because of its simple design and reduced cost. Reduction of system losses and improvement of voltage profile is one of the key aspects in power system operation. Distributed generators are beneficial in reducing losses effectively in distribution systems as compared to other methods of loss reduction. Sizing and location of DG sources places an important role in reducing losses in distribution network. Four types of DG are considered in this paper with one DG installed for minimize the total real and reactive power losses. The objective of this methodology is to calculate size and to identify the corresponding optimum location for DG placement for minimizing the total real and reactive power losses and to improve voltage profile   in primary distribution system. It can obtain maximum loss reduction for each of four types of optimally placed DGs. Optimal sizing of Distributed Generation can be calculated using exact loss formula and an efficient approach is used to determine the optimum location for Distributed Generation Placement.  To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach 36-bus radial distribution system in Belin Substation in Myanmar was tested and validated with different sizes and the result was discussed.

scholarly journals Placement of Fixed Size Diesel Generators in IEEE 12 Bus Radial Distribution System to Improve Voltage Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1080-1086
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Line Loss ◽  
Suitable Location

Distributed Generation (DG) is small capacity generating units directly associated to the distributed system. With the penetration of distributed generators nearby the consumer load center support to the distribution system will be enhanced. The Distributed Generation involves both Renewable & sustainable sources of energy to engender power in order to appease the ever increasing energy requirement. Suitable location and capacity of DG units will benefit the achievement of active power system network. The voltage profile and Real power line loss and Reactive power line loss reduction can also be improved with suitable location and allocation of DG. This work proposes a new Simulation method for the placement of fixed Size Diesel Generator in IEEE 12 bus radial distribution system stationed on Voltage stability index and Transmission line losses. This index is progressed by acknowledging steady state node voltages cited in Per Unit.

scholarly journals Siting and Sizing of DG in Medium Primary Radial Distribution System with Enhanced Voltage Stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Jain ◽  
Ganga Agnihotri ◽  
Shilpa Kalambe ◽  
Renuka Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Power Loss Reduction ◽  
The Impact

This paper intends to enumerate the impact of distributed generation (DG) on distribution system in terms of active as well as reactive power loss reduction and improved voltage stability. The novelty of the method proposed in this paper is the simple and effective way of sizing and siting of DG in a distribution system by using two-port Z-bus parameters. The validity of the method is verified by comparing the results with already published methods. Comparative study presented has shown that the proposed method leads existing methods in terms of its simplicity, undemanding calculation procedures, and less computational efforts and so does the time. The method is implemented on IEEE 69-bus test radial distribution system and results show significant reduction in distribution power losses with improved voltage profile of the system. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB environment for execution of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Penetration effects of various kinds of distributed generation systems on the distribution system

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Real Power

Distributed generation system penetration in the existing distribution system is done for minimizing the losses and improving the voltage profile. There are total five types of distributed generation systems exist based on their power delivery like distributed generation system injecting real and reactive power, supplying real power only, supplying reactive power only, absorbing reactive power only , supplying real power and absorbing reactive power. All these five types of distributed generation systems have different penetration effects on the radial distribution system. We get different voltage profiles and power losses for different types of distributed generation systems. The testing of these five types of distributed generation systems will be done on IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. For computing, the line parameters and power losses of the above testing system the forward-backward sweep load flow method will be applied

Distribution System Voltage Regulation with Distributed Generation Based on VQC and SVC

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jia Ming Li ◽  
Duo Xu ◽  
Ru Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Reactive Power Flow ◽  
Regulation Method ◽  
Typical Distribution

The distributed generation (DG) may lead to a great impact on the reactive power flow, feeder voltage profile and the means of voltage regulation when integrated into a typical distribution system. Therefore, there is possibility that the customers voltage violate the permissible limits. In order to regulate the voltage of the distribution system with DG, local voltage and reactive power control (VQC) based on fuzzy control theory is adopted in substation and the Static Var Compensator (SVC) is installed in the appropriate node in this paper, and the fuzzy controller of VQC has been designed at the same time. A simplified model of a real 10kV radial distribution system has been simulated in MATLAB to illustrate the use of the voltage regulation method, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can regulate the line voltage of distribution system with DG within the regulated voltage ranges.

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