Heat Transfer in an Impingement Cooling System for Turbine Airfoils With a Sparse Distribution of Holes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Javier Alvarez ◽  
Pedro de la Calzada ◽  
S. T. Kohler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Surface Distribution ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Turbine Airfoils

An experimental investigation of an engine representative Inter-Turbine Duct (ITD) vane with a very sparse distribution of impingement holes along the aerofoil surfaces was conducted using a transient liquid crystal technique. The low jet Reynolds numbers tested drove long crystal phase change times, which required special care when taking measured temperatures for processing the data to obtain accurate local heat transfer coefficients (HTC). Three jet Reynolds numbers (Re) around the design case were measured so that its local influence could be found. HTC results in terms of surface distribution and surface averaged values are presented and compared with some available literature correlations. Finally, an assessment is made of the extension of the local areas of influence where either impingement or duct flow prevails. The correlations which should be used in each of these influence areas are also identified and used to bound experimental results wihtin those limits.

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlations for Square Channels With 45 Deg Ribs at High Reynolds Numbers

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh P. Rallabandi ◽  
Huitao Yang ◽  
Je-Chin Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Turbine Blade Cooling ◽  
Square Channel ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
Cooling Passage

Systematic experiments are conducted to measure heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss characteristics on a square channel (simulating a gas turbine blade cooling passage) with two opposite surfaces roughened by 45 deg parallel ribs. Copper plates fitted with a silicone heater and instrumented with thermocouples are used to measure regionally averaged local heat transfer coefficients. Reynolds numbers studied in the channel range from 30,000 to 400,000. The rib height (e) to hydraulic diameter (D) ratio ranges from 0.1 to 0.18. The rib spacing (p) to height ratio (p/e) ranges from 5 to 10. Results show higher heat transfer coefficients at smaller values of p/e and larger values of e/D, though at the cost of higher friction losses. Results also indicate that the thermal performance of the ribbed channel falls with increasing Reynolds numbers. Correlations predicting Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f¯) as a function of p/e, e/D, and Re are developed. Also developed are correlations for R and G (friction and heat transfer roughness functions, respectively) as a function of the roughness Reynolds number (e+), p/e, and e/D.

Experimental Investigation of Local Heat Transfer Distribution on Smooth and Roughened Surfaces Under an Array of Angled Impinging Jets

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamyaa A. El-Gabry ◽  
Deborah A. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Roughened Surface

Abstract Measurements of the local heat transfer distribution on smooth and roughened surfaces under an array of angled impinging jets are presented. The test rig is designed to simulate impingement with cross-flow in one direction which is a common method for cooling gas turbine components such as the combustion liner. Jet angle is varied between 30, 60, and 90 degrees as measured from the impingement surface, which is either smooth or randomly roughened. Liquid crystal video thermography is used to capture surface temperature data at five different jet Reynolds numbers ranging between 15,000 and 35,000. The effect of jet angle, Reynolds number, gap, and surface roughness on heat transfer efficiency and pressure loss is determined along with the various interactions among these parameters. Peak heat transfer coefficients for the range of Reynolds number from 15,000 to 35,000 are highest for orthogonal jets impinging on roughened surface; peak Nu values for this configuration ranged from 88 to 165 depending on Reynolds number. The ratio of peak to average Nu is lowest for 30-degree jets impinging on roughened surfaces. It is often desirable to minimize this ratio in order to decrease thermal gradients, which could lead to thermal fatigue. High thermal stress can significantly reduce the useful life of engineering components and machinery. Peak heat transfer coefficients decay in the cross-flow direction by close to 24% over a dimensionless length of 20. The decrease of spanwise average Nu in the crossflow direction is lowest for the case of 30-degree jets impinging on a roughened surface where the decrease was less than 3%. The decrease is greatest for 30-degree jet impingement on a smooth surface where the stagnation point Nu decreased by more than 23% for some Reynolds numbers.

Pin-Fin Heat Transfer: Contribution of the Wall and the Pin to the Overall Heat Transfer

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ai Dabagh ◽  
G. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

The differences in the heat transfer coefficient between the pin and the wall in pin-fin heat transfer was determined for three pin length to diameter ratios. A staggered pin-fin array was used with a 50% duct flow blockage by the pins. The axial pitch-to-pin diameter ratio, X/D, was 1.5 and the transverse pitch-to-diameter ratio, S/D, was 2.0. Three pin length-to-diameter ratios, T/D, of 0.7. 1.0 and 2.2 were investigated. The mean heat transfer coefficient results were very similar to previous work for similar geometries. The axial variation of heat transfer coefficient showed this to be fairly uniform with a small peak at the fourth row. Around each pin four measurements of the heat transfer coefficients were made with four on the fin surface at each end. Thus 12 local heat transfer coefficients were made per pin-fin. These showed that for all three geometries the wall or fin heat transfer was always greater by 15–35% than the pin for the same velocity and Re.

Effect of Variation of Local Film Coefficients on Fin Performance

1969 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Stachiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Base Surface ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Local Coefficients ◽  
Film Coefficient

Local heat-transfer coefficients on the surface of a longitudinal, constant area fin were measured experimentally. Turbulent flow was maintained in all tests and the range of fin spacing-to-height ratios from 0.25 to 0.5 was covered. The film coefficients do not increase monotonically from the base of the fin as suggested by an earlier investigation, but increase to a maximum at about 50 percent of fin height, then dip, and then increase again near the tip. The distribution of local coefficients along the height of the fin was similar at all Reynolds numbers and fin spacings investigated. This distribution yields lower fin efficiencies than those computed assuming a constant film coefficient, but, taking advantage of the fact that the distribution is remarkably similar at all fin spacings and all Reynolds numbers, a simple correction factor can be applied to the conventional, constant “h” efficiency to allow for the effect of variation of h. The integrated average heat-transfer coefficients on the surface of the fin were correlated at all fin spacings by a single equation. The coefficients along the base surface between fins were also measured.

Influence of High Mainstream Turbulence on Leading Edge Heat Transfer

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Mehendale ◽  
J. C. Han ◽  
S. Ou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulence Intensity ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Turbulence Decay ◽  
High Turbulence

The influence of high mainstream turbulence on leading edge heat transfer was studied. High mainstream turbulence was produced by a bar grid (Tu = 3.3–5.1 percent), passive grid (Tu = 7.6–9.7 percent), and jet grid (Tu = 12.9–15.2 percent). Experiments were performed using a blunt body with a semicylinder leading edge and flat sidewalls. The mainstream Reynolds numbers based on leading edge diameter were 25,000, 40,000, and 100,000. Spanwise and streamwise distributions of local heat transfer coefficients on the leading edge and flat sidewall were obtained. The results indicate that the leading edge heat transfer increases significantly with increasing mainstream turbulence intensity, but the effect diminishes at the end of the flat sidewall because of turbulence decay. Stagnation point heat transfer results for high turbulence intensity flows agree with the Lowery and Vachon correlation, but the overall heat transfer results for the leading edge quarter-cylinder region are higher than their overall correlation for the entire circular cylinder region. High mainstream turbulence tends not to shift the location of the separation-reattachment region. The reattachment heat transfer results are about the same regardless of mainstream turbulence levels and are much higher than the turbulent flat plate correlation.

The Transition From Turbulent to Laminar Gas Flow in a Heated Pipe

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bankston
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Adiabatic Flow ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Experimental results are reported on the heat transfer and fluid friction of heated hydrogen and helium gas flows undergoing transition from turbulent to laminar flow in a circular tube. The entering Reynolds numbers range from 2350 to 12,500 and the nondimensional heat-flux parameter ranges from 0.0021 to 0.0061. Local heat-transfer coefficients and friction factors are obtained, and the flow transition, which is evident in these results, is verified at small heat fluxes by measuring directly the turbulence intensity at the center line with a hot-wire anemometer. At large heat fluxes, laminarization is found to occur at local bulk Reynolds numbers well in excess of the minimum number for fully turbulent adiabatic flow, and the resulting heat-transfer coefficients are much lower than those associated with fully turbulent flow at the same Reynolds number. The relation between laminarization in heated tubes and in severely accelerated external boundary layers is investigated and some similarities are noted. The acceleration and pressure-gradient parameters used to predict boundary-layer laminarization are modified for tube flow and used to correlate the initiation and completion of laminarization in the heated tube.

Resonant Pulsating Flow and Convective Heat Transfer

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Jackson ◽  
K. R. Purdy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Pulsating Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Superposition Technique

The results of experiments on the behavior of a simple convective heat exchanger which was subjected to a resonant pulsating flow are described. A 3.86-in. ID horizontal, isothermal tube, 10 ft long, through which air was blown at Reynolds numbers from 2000 to 200,000, was used as the heat exchanger. Both the thermal and the hydrodynamic boundary layers started at the same position in the apparatus. Local heat transfer coefficients were obtained experimentally and compared to equations derived, using a superposition technique, for both the laminar and turbulent regimes.

scholarly journals Local Heat-Transfer Measurements on a Large Scale-Model Turbine Blade Airfoil Using a Composite of a Heater Element and Liquid Crystals

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Hippensteele ◽  
L. M. Russell ◽  
F. J. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

Local heat-transfer coefficients were experimentally mapped along the midchord of a five-times-size turbine blade airfoil in a static cascade operated at room temperature over a range of Reynolds numbers. The test surface consisted of a composite of commercially available materials: a mylar sheet with a layer of cholesteric liquid crystals, which change color with temperature, and a heater sheet made of a carbon-impregnated paper, which produces uniform heat flux. After the initial selection and calibration of the composite sheet, accurate, quantitative, and continuous heat-transfer coefficients were mapped over the airfoil surface. The local heat-transfer coefficients are presented for Reynolds numbers from 2.8×105 to 7.6×105. Comparisons are made with analytical values of heat-transfer coefficients obtained from the STAN5 boundary layer code. Also, a leading-edge separation bubble was revealed by thermal and flow visualization.

The Effect of Regulating Elements on Convective Heat Transfer along Shaped Heat Exchange Surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Cernecky ◽  
Jan Koniar ◽  
Zuzana Brodnianska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Intensification ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Forced Air

Abstract The paper deals with a study of the effect of regulating elements on local values of heat transfer coefficients along shaped heat exchange surfaces with forced air convection. The use of combined methods of heat transfer intensification, i.e. a combination of regulating elements with appropriately shaped heat exchange areas seems to be highly effective. The study focused on the analysis of local values of heat transfer coefficients in indicated cuts, in distances expressed as a ratio x/s for 0; 0.33; 0.66 and 1. As can be seen from our findings, in given conditions the regulating elements can increase the values of local heat transfer coefficients along shaped heat exchange surfaces. An optical method of holographic interferometry was used for the experimental research into temperature fields in the vicinity of heat exchange surfaces. The obtained values correspond very well with those of local heat transfer coefficients αx, recorded in a CFD simulation.

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