Comparison of the Combustion Characteristics of Liquid Single-Component Fuels in a Gas Turbine Model Combustor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Grohmann ◽  
William O’Loughlin ◽  
Wolfgang Meier ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Turbine Model

Alternative production pathways for liquid fuels provide the opportunity to adjust the chemical composition of the product in order to improve combustion performance. In this study, flame characteristics of selected single-component fuels were investigated to provide a basis for a better understanding of the influence of specific fuel components on the combustion behaviour. The measurements were performed in a redesigned gas turbine model combustor for swirl-stabilised spray flames under atmospheric pressure. The combustor features a dual-swirl geometry and a prefilming airblast atomiser. The combustion chamber provides good optical access and yields well-defined boundary conditions. As part of different projects in the field of alternative fuels, two liquid single-component fuels (n-hexane, n-dodecane) and kerosene Jet A-1 were investigated. Flow fields of the nonreacting and reacting flow were measured using stereo particle image velocimetry. The flame structure and spray distribution were derived from CH* chemiluminescence and Mie scattering respectively. Lean blowout limits were measured. Results show noticeable differences in combustion behaviour of the chosen fuels at comparable flow conditions. Furthermore, the results provide a detailed data base for the validation of numerical models.

Gas Turbine Model Combustor Emissions of Liquid Single-Component Fuels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Grohmann ◽  
Wolfgang Meier ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Phase Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Linear Alkanes ◽  
Nitric Oxide Emissions ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Turbine Model

Alternative liquid fuels can contain hydrocarbons of different types and chain lengths and the fuel composition has an influence on combustion behavior. In this study, the influence of liquid single-component fuels on exhaust gas emissions of a gas turbine model combustor for swirl-stabilized spray flames was investigated under atmospheric pressure. The nozzle exhibited a dual-swirl geometry and a prefilming airblast atomizer. The spray was characterized by Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and Mie scattering measurements and the flame CH* chemiluminescence was measured. Six single-component hydrocarbons were chosen: three linear alkanes (n-hexane, n-nonane, n-dodecane), one cyclic alkane (cyclohexane), one branched alkane (iso-octane) and one aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene). Kerosene Jet A-1 was used as a technical reference. Results show minor differences in CO emissions and significant differences in NOx emissions of the various fuels at comparable flow conditions and adiabatic flame temperatures. The measurements indicate a correlation between the nitric oxide emissions and the spray quality.

scholarly journals Influence of Single-Component Fuels on Gas-Turbine Model Combustor Lean Blowout

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grohmann ◽  
B. Rauch ◽  
T. Kathrotia ◽  
W. Meier ◽  
M. Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Turbine Model

scholarly journals Non-premixed swirl-type tubular flames burning liquid fuels

2018 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 210-239
Author(s):  
Vinicius M. Sauer ◽  
Fernando F. Fachini ◽  
Derek Dunn-Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Surface Mass Transfer ◽  
Incompressible Viscous Flow ◽  
Porous Walls

Tubular flames represent a canonical combustion configuration that can simplify reacting flow analysis and also be employed in practical power generation systems. In this paper, a theoretical model for non-premixed tubular flames, with delivery of liquid fuel through porous walls into a swirling flow field, is presented. Perturbation theory is used to analyse this new tubular flame configuration, which is the non-premixed equivalent to a premixed swirl-type tubular burner – following the original classification of premixed tubular systems into swirl and counterflow types. The incompressible viscous flow field is modelled with an axisymmetric similarity solution. Axial decay of the initial swirl velocity and surface mass transfer from the porous walls are considered through the superposition of laminar swirling flow on a Berman flow with uniform mass injection in a straight pipe. The flame structure is obtained assuming infinitely fast conversion of reactants into products and unity Lewis numbers, allowing the application of the Shvab–Zel’dovich coupling function approach.

Numerical Characterisation of a Gas Turbine Model Combustor Applying Scale-Adaptive Simulation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Widenhorn ◽  
Berthold Noll ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Adaptive Simulation ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Turbine Model

In this contribution the three-dimensional reacting turbulent flow field of a swirl-stabilized gas turbine model combustor is analyzed numerically. The investigated partially premixed and lifted CH4/air flame has a thermal power load of Pth = 35kW and a global equivalence ratio of φ = 0.65. To study the reacting flow field the Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) turbulence model in combination with the Eddy Dissipation/Finite Rate Chemistry combustion model was applied. The simulations were performed using the commercial CFD software package ANSYS CFX-11.0. The numerically achieved time-averaged values of the velocity components and their appropriate turbulent fluctuations (RMS) are in very good agreement with the experimental values (LDA). The same excellent results were found for other flow quantities like temperature and mixture fraction. Here, the corresponding time-averaged and the appropriate RMS profiles are compared to Raman measurements. Furthermore the instantaneous flow features are discussed. In accordance with the experiment the numerical simulation evidences the existence of a precessing vortex core (PVC). The PVC rotates with a frequency of 1596Hz. Moreover it is shown that in the upper part of the combustion chamber a tornado-like vortical structure is established.

Spray Flame Study Using a Model Gas Turbine Swirl Burner

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Tung Chong ◽  
Simone Hochgreb
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Spray Flame ◽  
Spray Flames ◽  
Reaction Zones ◽  
Fixed Power ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Gas Turbine Burner

A model gas turbine burner was employed to investigate spray flames established under globally lean, continuous, swirling conditions. Two types of fuel were used to generate liquid spray flames: palm biodiesel and Jet-A1. The main swirling air flow was preheated to 350 °C prior to mixing with airblast-atomized fuel droplets at atmospheric pressure. The global flame structure of flame and flow field were investigated at the fixed power output of 6 kW. Flame chemiluminescence imaging technique was employed to investigate the flame reaction zones, while particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to measure the flow field within the combustor. The flow fields of both flames are almost identical despite some differences in the flame reaction zones.

scholarly journals Phase Resolved Analysis of Flame Structure in Lean Premixed Swirl Flames of a Fuel Staged Gas Turbine Model Combustor

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gounder ◽  
I. Boxx ◽  
P. Kutne ◽  
S. Wysocki ◽  
F. Biagioli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Turbine Model

scholarly journals Combustion and Oxidation Kinetics of Alternative Gas Turbines Fuels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Alexandre Glaude ◽  
Baptiste Sirjean ◽  
René Fournet ◽  
Roda Bounaceur ◽  
Matthieu Vierling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Auto Ignition

Heavy duty gas turbines are very flexible combustion tools that accommodate a wide variety of gaseous and liquid fuels ranging from natural gas to heavy oils, including syngas, LPG, petrochemical streams (propene, butane…), hydrogen-rich refinery by-products; naphtha; ethanol, biodiesel, aromatic gasoline and gasoil, etc. The contemporaneous quest for an increasing panel of primary energies leads manufacturers and operators to explore an ever larger segment of unconventional power generation fuels. In this moving context, there is a need to fully characterize the combustion features of these novel fuels in the specific pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio conditions of gas turbine combustors using e.g. methane as reference molecule and to cover the safety aspects of their utilization. A numerical investigation of the combustion of a representative cluster of alternative fuels has been performed in the gas phase, namely two natural gas fuels of different compositions, including some ethane, a process gas with a high content of butene, oxygenated compounds including methanol, ethanol, and DME (dimethyl ether). Sub-mechanisms have specifically been developed to include the reactions of C4 species. Major combustion parameters, such as auto-ignition temperature (AIT), ignition delay times (AID), laminar burning velocities of premixed flames, adiabatic flame temperatures, and CO and NOx emissions have then been investigated. Finally, the data have been compared with those calculated for methane flames. These simulations show that the behaviors of alternative fuels markedly differ from that of conventional ones. Especially, DME and the process gases appear to be highly reactive with significant impacts on the auto-ignition temperature and flame speed data, which justifies burner design studies within premixed combustion schemes and proper safety considerations. The behaviors of alcohols (especially methanol) display some commonalities with those of conventional fuels. In contrast, DME and process gas fuels develop substantially different flame temperature and NOx generation rates than methane. Resorting to lean premix conditions is likely to achieve lower NOx emission performances. This review of gas turbine fuels shows for instance that the use of methanol as a gas turbine fuel is possible with very limited combustor modifications.

Improved CFD Predictions of Pyrolysis Oil Combustion Using Advanced Spray Measurements and Numerical Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva van Beurden ◽  
Artur Pozarlik ◽  
Bima Putra ◽  
Gerrit Brem ◽  
Thijs Bouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

Abstract In search of an economical and environmentally friendly manner of power generation the industry is forced to find fuels which can replace conventional fossil fuels. During the last years this has led to significant developments in the production of alternative fuels, whereby these fuels became a more reliable and more efficient source of energy. Fast pyrolysis oil (FPO) is considered as a promising example of one of the alternative fuels. This research focuses on the application of FPO in a gas turbine combustion chamber. For the OPRA OP16 gas turbine, a numerical approach using advanced CFD simulations has been applied to a real scale gas turbine combustor. The simulations are supported by full-scale combustor tests and atomizer spray experiments. Hereby it has been shown numerically and experimentally that the gas turbine combustion chamber can operate on FPO in the 30–100% load range. The droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) has been investigated by means of a Particle Droplet Image Analysis to visualize the sprays in the near field of the atomizer. The effects of the spray pattern are of key importance to the flame structure in the gas turbine combustion chamber. Therefore the results from this dedicated test experiment have been used as input for dedicated CFD simulations. A dedicated combustion model of fast pyrolysis oil has been developed for the OpenFOAM code, considering both the evaporation of the oil and the burnout of the char. In the simulations the gas turbine electrical load, the cone angle and the droplet SMD of the spray were varied. These simulations provide a detailed insight and description on the evaporation of the pyrolysis oil and the flame characteristics in the low calorific fuel combustor of OPRA’s OP16.

scholarly journals The Effect of Partial Premixing and Heat Loss on the Reacting Flow Field Prediction of a Swirl Stabilized Gas Turbine Model Combustor

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gövert ◽  
Daniel Mira ◽  
Jim B. W. Kok ◽  
Mariano Vázquez ◽  
Guillaume Houzeaux
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Reacting Flow ◽  
Partial Premixing ◽  
Turbine Model
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