Deep Burn Strategy for Pure Reactor-Grade Plutonium in Pebble Bed High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eben Mulder ◽  
Dawid Serfontein ◽  
Eberhard Teuchert
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Pebble Bed ◽  
Pebble Bed Reactors ◽  
Advanced Fuel ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Temperature Gas

In this article an advanced fuel cycle for pebble bed reactors is introduced that can safely and efficiently incinerate pure reactor-grade Pu [Pu(LWR)], thereby fulfilling the bulk of the GNEP waste incineration requirements. It is shown below that the very high fissile content of the Pu(LWR)-fuel enables it to convert practically all of the 240Pu to 241Pu and incinerate it. Since the fuel contains no 238U, no fresh 239Pu is produced. The 239Pu is reduced in-situ by 99.5% and the 240Pu by 97.6%. The only significant fissile isotope remaining is 241Pu, however, it will decay with a half life of 14.4 years to the fertile 241Am by β-decay.

Oxide Layers Mechanical Properties for Ni Base Alloys in HTR Environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 595-598 ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
Damien Kaczorowski ◽  
Gouenou Girardin ◽  
S. Chamousset
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Oxide Layers ◽  
Intermediate Heat Exchanger ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Temperature Gas

Nickel base alloys 617 and 230 are promising candidates for the Intermediate Heat eXchanger (IHX) of GenIV Very High Temperature gas cooled Reactors. The capability to maintain an oxide layer as an efficient barrier against corrosion under mechanical loading is investigated through SEM in situ tensile test. The mechanical properties of external oxide layers are so compared between the two alloys. Cracks and spallation are observed. Few differences could be observed between these two alloys when pre oxidized in impure helium.

Gas-Cooled Modular Reactors With Spherical Fuel Elements — Their Inherent Safety and Applications Not Just for Power Generation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Jaeger ◽  
H. J. Hamel ◽  
Heinz Termuehlen
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Pebble Bed ◽  
Pebble Bed Reactor ◽  
Pebble Bed Reactors ◽  
Fuel Elements ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The gas-cooled reactor design with spherical fuel elements, referred to as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR or HTR reactors) or pebble bed reactors has been already suggested by Farrington Daniels in the late 1940s; also referred to as Daniels’ pile reactor design. Under Rudolf Schulten the first pebble bed reactor, the 46MWth AVR Juelich reactor (Atom Versuchs-Reactor Jülich) was built in the late 1960s. It was in operation for 22 years and extensive testing confirmed its inherent safety.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Pd-NHC*-catalyzed coupling reactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peter Kündig ◽  
Yixia Jia ◽  
Dmitry Katayev ◽  
Masafumi Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Methylene Unit ◽  
Asymmetric Coupling ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Very High

Very high asymmetric inductions result in the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular arylation of amides to give 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles when new in situ-generated chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC*) ligands are employed. Structural studies show that conformational locking to minimize allylic strain is the key to understanding the function of these ligands. New applications of these ligands in the frontier area of asymmetric coupling reactions involving C(sp3)–H bonds are detailed. Highly enantioenriched fused indolines are accessible using either preformed- or in situ-generated Pd-NHC* catalysts. Remarkably, this occurs at high temperature (140–160 °C) via excellent asymmetric recognition of an enantiotopic C–H bond in an unactivated methylene unit.

scholarly journals Nanoscaled eutectic NiAl-(Cr,Mo) composites with exceptional mechanical properties processed by electron beam melting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Förner ◽  
S. Giese ◽  
C. Arnold ◽  
P. Felfer ◽  
C. Körner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Lamellar Microstructure ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Additive Process ◽  
In Situ Composites ◽  
Selective Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Very High

Abstract Eutectic NiAl-(Cr,Mo) composites are promising high temperature materials due to their high melting point, excellent oxidation behavior and low density. To enhance the strength, hardness and fracture toughness, high cooling rates are beneficial to obtain a fine cellular-lamellar microstructure. This can be provided by the additive process of selective electron beam melting. The very high temperature gradient achieved in this process leads to the formation of the finest microstructure that has ever been reported for NiAl-(Cr,Mo) in-situ composites. A very high hardness and fracture toughening mechanisms were observed. This represents a feasibility study towards additive manufacturing of eutectic NiAl-(Cr,Mo) in-situ composites by selective electron beam melting.

scholarly journals Conceptual Core Design Study of the Very High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (VHTR) Upgrading the Core Performance by Using Multihole-Type Fuel

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka OHASHI ◽  
Tetsuo NISHIHARA ◽  
Kazuhiko KUNITOMI ◽  
Masaaki NAKANO ◽  
Yujiro TAZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Design Study ◽  
The Core ◽  
Conceptual Core ◽  
Very High ◽  
Type Fuel ◽  
High Temperature Gas
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