Dismantling of a Nuclear Fuel Fabric - Release of Building Rubble and Site: An Overview

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. Aberl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Individual Dose ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Uranium Fuel ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Uranium fuel rods were produced in the nuclear fuel site. The buildings should be dismantled after decontamination and the site should be released for industrial use. The individual dose to the critical group is limited to an annual value of about 10 μSv. The determined specific activity for remediation of the site was a mean value of 60 mBq/g total activity. For the building rubble and soil primarily two pathways, disposal at a landfill and refill of a disused salt mine, were considered. As a result of the investigations the total activity for the disposal at a landfill had to be limited to about 6,6 GBq. For the refill of the salt mine the estimated individual dose fell below the dose limit in the range of 10 μSv/y.

SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND THE RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN SYMPTOMLESS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS AND IN BORDERLINE AND OVERT HYPOTHYROIDISM

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordin ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
R. Pelkonen ◽  
B.-A. Lamberg
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was determined by the double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 58 patients with primary hypothyroidism and was found to be elevated in all but 2 patients, one of whom had overt and one clinically borderline hypothyroidism. Six (29%) out of 21 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) had an elevated serum TSH level. There was little correlation between the severity of the disease and the serum TSH values in individual cases. However, the mean serum TSH value in overt hypothyroidism (93.4 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean value both in clinically borderline hypothyroidism (34.4 μU/ml) and in SAT (8.8 μU/ml). The response to the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was increased in all 39 patients with overt or borderline hypothyroidism and in 9 (43 %) of the 21 subjects with SAT. The individual TRH response in these two groups showed a marked overlap, but the mean response was significantly higher in overt (149.5 μU/ml) or clinically borderline hypothyroidism (99.9 μU/ml) than in SAT (35.3 μU/ml). Thus a normal basal TSH level in connection with a normal response to TRH excludes primary hypothyroidism, but nevertheless not all patients with elevated TSH values or increased responses to TRH are clinically hypothyroid.

The Natural Radioactivity in Food: A Comparison Between Different Feeding Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Santina Marguccio ◽  
Alberto Belvedere ◽  
Maurizio D`Agostino ◽  
Giovanna Belmusto
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vegetable Food ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
Dose Levels

Background: In this article a comprehensive study was carried out for the determination of natural radioactivity in animal and vegetable food (meat, fish, milk and derivates, legumes, cereals and derivates, fruit, hortalizas, vegetables, vegetable oils) typical of different feeding regimes, for the age category higher than 17 years. Methods: A total of eighty-five samples of Italian origin, coming from large retailers during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, were analyzed through HPGe gamma spectrometry. Results: The specific activity of 40K was investigated and its mean value was found to be: (106.3 ± 6.9) Bq/kg for bovine, swine and sheep meat; (116.5 ± 9.7) Bq/kg for fish; (52.9 ± 3.1) Bq/kg for milk and derivates; (271.9 ± 16.7) Bq/kg for legumes; (67.2 ± 4.7) Bq/kg for cereals and derivates; (52.7 ± 4.4) Bq/kg for fruit; (72.9 ± 5.6) Bq/kg for hortalizas; (83.9 ± 6.5) Bq/kg for vegetables; lower than the minimum detectable activity for vegetable oils. For animal food the highest mean 40K activity concentration was found in fish samples; for vegetable food the highest one was detected in legumes. Conclusion: The evaluation of dose levels due to the food ingestion typical of Mediterranean, Vegetarian and Vegan diets was performed. The annual effective dose was found to be 0.16 mSv/y, 0.41 mSv/y and 0.54 mSv/y, respectively.

5α-Reductase activity in stroma and epithelium of rat prostate and epididymis. A contribution to elucidation of the mechanism for development of hyperplastic growth of prostatic tissue

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Djøseland ◽  
Nicholas Bruchovsky ◽  
Paul S. Rennie ◽  
Navdeep Otal ◽  
Sian Høglo
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Total Enzyme Activity ◽  
Abnormal Growth

Abstract. The 5α-reductase activity was assayed in homogenates of stroma and epithelium in the rat ventral prostate and epididymis. Samples consisting of 0.3 mg/ml tissue protein in TES buffer, pH 7.0 were incubated at 37°C for 30 min in the presence of 50 nm [1,2-3H]testosterone and a NADPH-generating system started with 5 × 10−4 m NADP. The yield of 5α-reduced metabolites, as established by using thin-layer chromatography, gave an estimate of enzyme activity. Whereas the specific activity of 5α-reductase was highest in prostatic stroma and epididymal epithelium, most of the total enzyme activity was associated with the epithelium in both the prostate and epididymis. The effect of dihydrotestosterone on specific activity of 5α-reductase was studied by administering the hormone to 7-day castrated rats. In prostate, the specific activity of both stromal and epithelium forms of the enzyme reached a maximum after 4 days of treatment. In epididymis only the epithelial form of 5α-reductase underwent a major change in specific activity, the latter peaking after 8–12 days of treatment. Furthermore, while the total activity of 5α-reductase in the prostatic tissue fractions could be induced by as much as 4-fold the normal control values, the epididymal enzyme could not be induced above the normal level either in the stroma or the epithelium. This may explain the relative resistance of epididymis to abnormal growth stimulation under the influence of hormones.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Rhaphiodon vulpinus (Ostariophysi: Cynodontidae) in the Tocantins River Basin, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa L. Neuberger ◽  
Elineide E. Marques ◽  
Carlos S. Agostinho ◽  
Rafael J. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
Relative Fecundity ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Tocantins River ◽  
The Individual

In order to evaluate aspects of the reproductive biology of Rhaphiodon vulpinus in the Upper and Middle Tocantins River, samples were taken monthly from October, 1999 through September, 2001, by means of gill nets. Males, which were more abundant than females (chi2 146.87: df=1: p<0.05), matured at a smaller size. The reproductive period of the species extended essentially from November through January, with a peak of activity in November. Fecundity, with an estimated mean value of 98,185 oocytes, varied from 38,177 to 215,841 oocytes, and it did not correlate with the length of the individual female analyzed (r=0.4663: p=0.206). Relative fecundity was 130.6 oocytes/g total weight. Mature oocytes had a mean diameter of 0.98 mm, corresponding to a volume of 0.50 mm³.

Quantitative Evaluation of Allelopathic Potentials in Soils: Total Activity Approach

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuntaro Hiradate ◽  
Kenji Ohse ◽  
Akihiro Furubayashi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

The allelopathic potential of a plant has been evaluated on the basis of two indicators: specific activity, which is the specific concentration of the allelochemical to exert a half-maximum effect on a receiver plant (EC50), and total activity in a plant, which is the ratio of the concentration of an allelochemical in the producing plant to its EC50. In the present study, a new indicator, total activity in a soil, which takes into account the effects of a soil on the allelopathy activity, is proposed because allelopathic activity is affected by the presence of soils. The total activity in a soil was calculated by multiplying the “total activity in a plant” with a “soil factor.” In this calculation, we assumed simplified cases for comparison, such that the allelopathic plant materials are evenly incorporated in the soils and the allelochemicals are released from the plant materials to the soils at a constant rate. We conducted bioassay experiments in the presence and absence of soils and cited some published data to calculate the specific activities and total activities in a plant and in a soil. The results indicated that the allelopathies of buckwheat caused by (+)-catechin, Leucaena leucocephala by L-mimosine, Xanthium occidentale by trans-cinnamic acid, and Brassica parachinensis by cis-cinnamic acid were not significant in a volcanic ash soil, an alluvial soil, and a calcareous soil, but the allelopathy of sweet vernalgrass caused by coumarin and Spiraea thunbergii by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides was highly effective in those soils. The allelopathies of Juglans species caused by juglone plus juglone precursors and Mucuna pruriens by L-DOPA would depend highly on the soil types. Although some limitations exist for this approach, the total activity approach would allow for a better quantitative estimation of the allelopathic potential of plant materials in soils.

scholarly journals Covalent Immobilization of Thiol Proteinases on Chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Svetlana Olshannikova ◽  
Victoria Koroleva ◽  
Marina Holyavka ◽  
Alexander Pashkov ◽  
Valeriy Artyukhov
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Covalent Immobilization ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Chitosan Matrix ◽  
Plant Enzymes ◽  
Thiol Proteases ◽  
Thiol Proteinases ◽  
Wide Substrate Specificity

Plant enzymes such as ficin (EC 3.4.22.3), papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and bromelain (EC 3.4.22.4) are obtained from tropical plants. These biocatalysts belong to thiol proteases, in the active center of which cysteine is contained. Ficin, papain and bromelain have a wide substrate specificity, which provides a demand for their use in various industries. Enzymes in the free state are less commonly used; immobilized biocatalysts are the preferred form. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal concentration of a crosslinking agent in the covalent immobilization of ficin, papain and bromelain on a chitosan matrix. Ficin, papain and bromelain (Sigma) were chosen as objects of study. An acid-soluble chitosan (350 kDa, Bioprogress CJSC) was used as an immobilization carrier. The concentration range of glutaraldehyde (crosslinking agent) ranged from 1 to 25%. Suitable concentrations of glutaraldehyde for covalent immobilization were identified by the optimal ratio of protein content (mg per g of carrier), total activity (in units per ml of solution) and specific activity (in units per mg of protein). It was shown that for covalent immobilization of ficin and bromelain on a chitosan matrix, it is most promising to use 10% glutaraldehyde. For immobilization of papain on chitosan by covalent means, the concentration of glutaraldehyde equal to 20% is optimal.

scholarly journals Litter Survival Differences between Divergently Selected Lines for Environmental Sensitivity in Rabbits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Agea ◽  
María-Luz García ◽  
Agustín Blasco ◽  
María-José Argente
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
High Line ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
Similar Survival ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Survival Differences

A divergent selection experiment on environmental sensitivity was performed in rabbits. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlated response in kits&rsquo; weight and its survival, and weight distance from birth to weaning. Weight distance was calculated as the absolute values of the differences between the individual value and the mean value of its litter. Also, relationship between probability of survival at 4 d of age and weight at birth was studied. Environmental sensitivity was measured as litter size variability. A total of 2484 kits from 127 does of the low line (selected for reducing litter size variability) and 1916 kits of 114 does of the high line (selected for increasing litter size variability) of the 12th generation were weighed. Bayesian methodology was used to estimate the correlated response to selection, and LOGISTIC procedure of SAS was used to estimate the relationship between weight and probability of survival. Both lines showed similar individual weight at birth and at weaning, and similar survival at birth and at 4 d of age. Survival at weaning was higher in the low line than in the high line (0.67 and 0.62; P= 0.93). Weight distance was higher at birth but lower at weaning in the low line (47.8 g and 54.1 g; P=0.98). Kit&rsquo;s weight at birth affected its survival. In conclusion, selection for environmental sensitivity showed correlated response in kits survival and in homogeneity of litter weight at weaning.

scholarly journals VARIATION MINERAL COMPOSITIONS OF SOME BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA (L.) VERDC.) ACCESSIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 06-09
Author(s):  
M. I. ADEBOLA, M. A. ADELANWA ◽  
M. S. MOHAMMED ◽  
A. E. ESSON
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Mineral Compositions

The study aimed to assess variation in mineral compositions of some accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) for domestic use and genetic enhancement. Twenty accessions of Bambara groundnut were planted in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The five minerals were analysed which include, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and manganese. These accessions showed significant (P?0.05) variations across the five mineral analysed. Accession no. 18 had the highest mean for iron (2.89 mg100g-1), Accession no. 12 had the highest mean value for zinc (0.65 mg100g-1) Accession no. 8 had the highest mean value for calcium (217.36 mg100g-1), magnesium (14.29 mg100g-1)and manganese (0.82 mg100g-1). However, accession no. 12 had the lowest mean values in four of the minerals except zinc. This result showed that some of these accessions could be selected for genetic enhancement of minerals, some for domestic use and some for industrial use.

scholarly journals Specific Activities of Natural Radionuclides and Annual Effective Dose Due to the Intake of Some Types of Children Powdered Milk Available in Baghdad Markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities

In this research the specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were determined by sodium iodide enhanced by thallium NaI(TI) detector and assessed the annual effective dose in Dielac 1 and 2 and Nactalia 1 and 2 for children of less than 1 year which are available in Baghdad markets. The specific activity of 40K has the greater value in all the types which is in the range of allowed levels globally that suggested by UNSCEAR. The mean value of annual effective doses were 2.92, 4.005 and 1.6325 mSv/y for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K respectively.

scholarly journals The distribution of phospholipase D in developing and mature plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Quarles ◽  
R. M. C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Central Stalk ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Germination And Growth

1. The distribution of phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatido-hydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4) was examined in the tissues of a number of plants and seeds. 2. The highest activities were found in various swollen storage tissues of certain plants: cabbage, central stalk; cauliflower, flower; celery, swollen leaf stalk; Kohl rabi, swollen stem; carrot, root; pea and marrow, seed. 3. Appreciable activity was retained in pea seeds for at least 1 year after drying. After germination and growth in the dark the total activity present in the cotyledons and also in the whole seedling decreased. 4. In the growing pea seedling (7 days old), about 3% of the total activity was in the plumule, 9% in the root and the remainder in the cotyledons. However, the activity in the root on a dry-weight basis was higher than that in the cotyledons. In both the root and the plumule the activity on a wet- or a dry-weight basis was highest in the growing tip. 5. The activity per dry weight in the roots and aerial parts of pea plants declined to low values as growth continued, but roots struck from cuttings of mature plants showed the same high activity as found in roots from young seedlings with cotyledons attached. 6. The total phospholipids present in the cotyledons of pea seeds were depleted on germination and growth. Of the individual phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine showed the same loss in 11 days as the whole phospholipid fraction, whereas phosphatidylinositol was decreased to a greater extent and cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine were not decreased. There was no increase of phosphatidic acid, as might have been expected if the phospholipids had disappeared through phospholipase D hydrolysis. 7. It is concluded that phospholipase D in plant storage tissues and seeds may be related to the rapid growth involved in their formation rather than being necessary for the utilization of their food reserve substances.

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