A Step-by-Step Development of Radioactive Waste Management Strategy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Lytsy ◽  
Mia Ylä-Mella
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
International Development ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
The Government

Fennovoima is Finland’s third nuclear power company founded in 2007. Fennovoima will build a new nuclear power plant, Hanhikivi 1, in Pyhäjoki municipality located in Northern Finland. Currently Fennovoima is evaluating bids from reactor suppliers. Originally two suppliers, AREVA and Toshiba Heavy Industries were invited to bid for the plant but later also a bid from Rosatom were invited. The plant supplier will be selected in 2013. Platom is a Finnish company with extensive experience in radioactive waste management. In the beginning of 2008, Platom was assigned by Fennovoima as radioactive waste management consultant and to develop radioactive waste management strategy and to support Fennovoima in negotiations with plant suppliers in waste management aspects. Since Fennovoima has started, there have been some changes to the regulatory requirements which had to be taken into account while developing the strategy. One important change is due to the Government Degree 27.11.2008/736 which establishes a new waste category of very low-level waste following international development and the “new” IAEA waste classification. Other important change was introduced by the change 342/2008 to the Nuclear Energy Act allowing some nuclear waste to be delivered to another country for treatment. These and many more requirements had to be considered when developing the strategy. Early work by Platom was mostly done to support development of application for Decision-in-Principle. This was the first important licensing step for Fennovoima. Work started with studies and plans which were used by Fennovoima to gather the know-how required to draw up the application. Descriptions of waste streams and waste management technologies were developed as well as preliminary waste inventories and studies for final disposal, including preliminary dimensioning of the repository facilities. Based on these plans nuclear regulator’s preliminary safety assessment was performed. The work was successfully completed as in 2010 the Government of Finland granted Fennovoima a permit to build a new nuclear power plant. The work continued in 2012 when bids were received for EPR and ABWR type reactors. Plans developed earlier were elaborated into a detailed strategy and the proposed waste management solutions were evaluated. This allowed feedback from the bids into the strategy and to the bid specification and they both were developed. Also waste inventories were elaborated which allowed development of reactor design specific disposal strategies. The main objective of work has been to establish basis for safe and efficient radioactive waste management which meets all the relevant national and international recommendations, requirements and regulations, takes advantage of best available and state-of-art technologies and offers fit-for-purpose solutions. All the work was performed to accommodate requirement based management system.

scholarly journals RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE: 25 YEARS SINCE THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Y. Oskolkov ◽  
Mikhail D. Bondarkov ◽  
Lubov I. Zinkevich ◽  
Nikolai I. Proskura ◽  
Eduardo B. Farfán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant Accident

scholarly journals Study of Radioactive Waste Management of Nuclear Power Plant: Prospect of Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Ahmed ◽  
Hriday Dhar Joni ◽  
Hridita Nowrin Pranti
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Near Surface

The nuclear power plant is required to supply a substantial amount of electricity for a densely populated country like Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh has attached to a commitment to implement the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, and so Bangladesh will be the 33rd nuclear power-producing country after the successful construction of this plant. Bangladesh has planned to construct two power units (Rooppur-1 & Rooppur-2) with a capacity of 1200 MW, each of and is expected to go into operation in 2023. Russian Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation is constructing this nuclear power plant, which is the generation-3+ VVER-1200 model. But the main concern is how a third world country like Bangladesh can handle the tons of radioactive waste of RNNP. Radioactive waste i.e., a variety of solids, liquids, and gases which are produced during the generation of nuclear energy in a nuclear reactor. Depending on activity content, solid and liquid waste are disposed of in near-surface or deep geological facilities, and gaseous waste is dissolved by following some filtering process. If not properly disposed of or recycled, irradiation from radioactive waste will cause major problems for the environment. Various stages should be required for the removal of a tremendous amount of radioactive waste in a cost-effective way. This paper mainly delineates the proximate of radioactive waste management of RNNP and gives an account of (1) Radioactivity and radiation level, (2) Classification, (3) Treatment of solid, liquid and gaseous radioactive waste, (4) Reprocessing and packaging, (5) Storage and (6) Disposal.

Cost Analysis for Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants With Uncertainties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Watanabe ◽  
Ryohei Miyoshi ◽  
Tamotsu Kozaki ◽  
Shingo Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Yanagihara
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Low Level

Decommissioning cost including radioactive waste management for 1100 MWe nuclear power plant (BWR) was analyzed comparing multiple scenarios. The total cost of decommissioning nuclear power plant was first estimated including the radioactive waste management cost for the standard Japanese decommissioning case with 30 years of the project duration including approximately 20 years in safe storage. It showed that the cost relating to waste management accounts for more than half of the total cost. Focusing on the radioactive waste management cost, the duration of safe storage was varied as a parameter. The timing of waste disposal was a key parameter determining the waste management cost due to the decay of radioactive nuclides resulting in the decrease in the total volume of the radioactive waste, and the change in the ratio of the waste volume in the three radioactive waste categories (intermediate-level, low-level, and extremely low-level). The total cost showed the minimum value at around 60 years of the project duration balancing the waste management cost and period dependent cost for safe storage.

The Environmental Constraint Needs for Design Improvements to the Saligny I/LLW-Repository Near Cernavoda NPP

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Barariu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Constraint ◽  
Commercial Operation ◽  
Plant Reactor

The paper presents the new perspectives on the development of the L/ILW Final Repository Project which will be built near Cernavoda NPP. The Repository is designed to satisfy the main performance objectives in accordance to IAEA recommendation. Starting in October 1996, Romania became a country with an operating nuclear power plant. Reactor 2 reached the criticality on May 6th 2007 and it will be put in commercial operation in September 2007. The Ministry of Economy and Finance has decided to proceed with the commissioning of Units 3 and 4 of Cernavoda NPP till 2014. The Strategy for radioactive waste management was elaborated by National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRAD), the jurisdictional authority for definitive disposal and the coordination of nuclear spent fuel and radioactive waste management (Order 844/2004) with attributions established by Governmental Decision (GO) 31/2006. The Strategy specifies the commissioning of the Saligny L/IL Radwaste Repository near Cernavoda NPP in 2014. When designing the L/IL Radwaste Repository, the following prerequisites have been taken into account: 1) Cernavoda NPP will be equipped with 4 CANDU 6 units. 2) National Legislation in radwaste management will be reviewed and/or completed to harmonize with UE standards 3) The selected site is now in process of confirmation after a comprehensive set of interdisciplinary investigations.

An Overview on the National Radwastes Management Strategy in the Context of the Nuclear Program Development in Romania

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panait Adrian ◽  
Maria Radu ◽  
Gheorghe Barariu ◽  
Gheorghe Negut ◽  
Cristian Litescu
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The Government

At present the main radwaste generator is Cernavoda NPP with 2 × 700 MW units in operation. For the year 2016, the Plant is predicted to have 4 units in operation. The National Strategy for radioactive waste management was drafted by National Agency for Radioactive Waste (ANDRAD), the jurisdictional authority for coordinating spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management in Romania. Last year, the Government of Romania established that a new nuclear power plant would be build, so, with this future operational NPP, the quantity of waste will increase from the today evaluations. Therefore the national strategy for radioactive waste management should be reviewed accordingly. The paper presents some preliminary results obtained upon the R&D Programs related to the radioactive waste disposal facilities.

scholarly journals Assessment of activity resources by nomenclature of main radiation-hazardous radionuclides during the long-term management of spent nuclear fuel of the Belarusian NPP

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
J. A. Korchova ◽  
N. V. Harbachova ◽  
N. D. Kuzmina ◽  
N. V. Kulich
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Fuel Management ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasting ◽  
The Government

The purpose of the study is calculation research of the radiation characteristics of fission products and actinides at different phases of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) management of the Belarusian Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The study is aimed at the scientific support of the government decision as determined by the “On approval of the spent nuclear fuel management Strategy of the Belarusian nuclear power plant”. А probabilistic forecasting model and an effective code CUB for the spent nuclear fuel radioactivity inventory assessment were developed by the authors. Radionuclides activities as function of nuclear fuel burnup for nuclear fuel with the initial enrichment on the 235U equals to 4.81 % on the base of approximation relations of Regulation RB-093-14 (Moskow, 2014) have been calculated. Basic relations between specific activities of the main hazardous fission products and actinide, the SNF burnup and initial degree of fuel enrichment were analyzed. The rates of decrease of individual and total fission products and actinides activities of the Units №1 and 2 of the Belarusian NPP were obtained depending on the specific phase of spent SNF management. The results are of value for decision-making on ecology acceptable SNF management option introduced by Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Strategy of the Belarusian NPP.

Distrust in government and its relationship with mental health after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402096812
Author(s):  
Maiko Fukasawa ◽  
Norito Kawakami ◽  
Maki Umeda ◽  
Tsuyoshi Akiyama ◽  
Naoko Horikoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
National Government ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant Accident ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
The Government

Background: Distrust in authorities has negative effects on mental health. Aims: In this study, we aimed to explore whether the impact of distrust in government on mental health became stronger in the area heavily affected by the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Methods: We examined the effects of distrust in the national government on depressive symptoms three years after the accident among community residents in Fukushima prefecture using those in the Kanto area (the area surrounding Tokyo) as a control. A questionnaire survey was administered to a random sample of 1000 residents in Fukushima prefecture and 1650 residents in the Kanto area. Distrust in the national government was assessed using a four-point single-item scale. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The associations of residential area (i.e. living in Fukushima prefecture or in the Kanto area) and distrust in the national government with depressive symptoms were examined, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and disaster-related experiences using multivariate linear regression analyses. We used the interaction term of residential area and distrust in the government to explore the difference in the association between the respondents in Fukushima prefecture and those in the Kanto area. Results: Valid responses were obtained from 976 (36.8%) residents. Distrust in the government was associated with depressive symptoms and the association was stronger in Fukushima prefecture than in the Kanto area. Conclusion: The deleterious effects of distrust in the government on mental health may become more serious after a nuclear power plant accident and require careful attention during support activities in an affected area.

scholarly journals The institutional structure for decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant

2021 ◽  
pp. 014664532110153
Author(s):  
Hajimu Yamana
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
The Government

This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. This article describes the institutional structure established for decommissioning Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. To deal with the aftermath of the unprecedented nuclear accident in Fukushima, several responsible institutions such as Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) have worked together at the initiative of the Government of Japan. In this structure, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings (TEPCO) implements the decommissioning due to its legal responsibility, while the essential direction and milestones are set by the Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters of the Government of Japan. Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation, a government-affiliated organisation, oversees and facilitates the decommissioning by TEPCO, and the Nuclear Regulatory Authority regulates safety from an independent standpoint. The main basic elements essential for the success of this long-term project have been developed, such as the technical strategy, financial system, and organisational capability. Decommissioning is making progress.

Electrochemical decontamination of irradiated nuclear graphite from corrosion and fission products using molten salt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Grebennikova ◽  
Abbie N Jones ◽  
Clint Alan Sharrad
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Nuclear Graphite ◽  
Irradiated Graphite ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Irradiated graphite waste management is one of the major challenges of nuclear power-plant decommissioning throughout the world and significantly in the UK, France and Russia where over 85 reactors employed...

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