Fabrication of Polycaprolactone Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using Selective Laser Sintering

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Partee ◽  
Scott J. Hollister ◽  
Suman Das
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Processing Parameter ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Porous Architecture ◽  
Regenerate Tissue

Tissue engineering combines principles of the life sciences and engineering to replace and repair damaged human tissue. Present practice generally requires the use of porous, bioresorbable scaffolds to serve as temporary 3D templates to guide cell attachment, differentiation, proliferation, and subsequent regenerate tissue formation. Such scaffolds are anticipated to play an important role in allowing physicians to simultaneously reconstruct and regenerate damaged human tissue such as bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon. Recent research strongly suggests the choice of scaffold material and its internal porous architecture significantly influence regenerate tissue structure and function. However, a lack of versatile biomaterials processing and fabrication methods capable of meeting the complex geometric and compositional requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds has slowed progress towards fully testing these promising findings. It is widely accepted that layered manufacturing methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS) have the potential to fulfill these needs. Our research aims to investigate the viability of using SLS to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), one of the most widely investigated biocompatible, bioresorbable materials for tissue engineering applications. In this work, we report our recent progress on porous scaffold design and fabrication, optimal SLS processing parameter development using systematic factorial design of experiments, and structural characterization via optical microscopy.

Selective Laser Sintering Process Optimization for Layered Manufacturing of CAPA® 6501 Polycaprolactone Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Partee ◽  
Scott J. Hollister ◽  
Suman Das
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Porous Architecture ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Regenerate Tissue

Tissue engineering combines principles of the life sciences and engineering to replace and repair damaged human tissue. Present tissue engineering methods generally require the use of porous, bioresorbable scaffolds to serve as temporary three-dimensional templates to guide cell attachment, differentiation, proliferation, and subsequent regenerate tissue formation. Such scaffolds are anticipated to play an important role in allowing physicians to simultaneously reconstruct and regenerate damaged human tissues such as bone, cartilage, ligament, and tendon. Recent research strongly suggests that the choice of scaffold material and its internal porous architecture significantly influence regenerate tissue structure and function. However, a lack of versatile biomaterials processing and manufacturing methods capable of meeting the complex geometric and compositional requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds has slowed progress towards fully testing these promising findings. It is widely accepted that layered manufacturing methods such as selective laser sintering (SLS) have the potential to address these requirements. We have investigated SLS as a technique to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), one of the most widely investigated biocompatible, bioresorbable materials for tissue engineering applications. In this article, we report on our development of optimal SLS processing parameters for CAPA® 6501 PCL powder using systematic factorial design of experiments. Using the optimal parameters, we manufactured test scaffolds with designed porous channels and achieved dimensional accuracy to within 3%–8% of design specifications and densities approximately 94% relative to full density. Finally, using the optimal SLS process parameters, we demonstrated the successful fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds based on actual minipig and human condyle scaffold designs.

Selective Laser Sintering of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using Poly(L-Lactide) Microspheres

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1225-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen You Zhou ◽  
S.H. Lee ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
W.L. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion ◽  
Polyamide Powder

This paper reports a study on the modification of a commercial selective laser sintering (SLS) machine for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds from small quantities of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) microspheres. A miniature build platform was designed, fabricated and installed in the build cylinder of a Sinterstation 2000 system. Porous scaffolds in the form of rectangular prism, 12.7×12.7×25.4 mm3, with interconnected square and round channels were designed using SolidWorks. For initial trials, DuraFormTM polyamide powder was used to build scaffolds with a designed porosity of ~70%. The actual porosity was found to be ~83%, which indicated that the sintered regions were not fully dense. PLLA microspheres in the size range of 5-30 μm were made using an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation procedure and they were suitable for the SLS process. A porous scaffold was sintered from the PLLA microspheres with a laser power of 15W and a part bed temperature of 60oC. SEM examination showed that the PLLA microspheres were partially melted to form the scaffold. This study has demonstrated that it is feasible to build tissue engineering scaffolds from small amounts of biomaterials using a commercial SLS machine with suitable modifications.

Selective Laser Sintering of Polycaprolactone Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

2004 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Partee ◽  
Scott J. Hollister ◽  
Suman Das
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

ABSTRACTPresent tissue engineering practice requires porous, bioresorbable scaffolds to serve as temporary 3D templates to guide cell attachment, differentiation, and proliferation. Recent research suggests that scaffold material and internal architecture significantly influence regenerate tissue structure and function. However, lack of versatile biomaterials processing methods have slowed progress towards fully testing these findings. Our research investigates using selective laser sintering (SLS) to fabricate bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Using SLS, we have fabricated polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone/tri-calcium phosphate composite scaffolds. We report on scaffold design and fabrication, mechanical property measurements, and structural characterization via optical microscopy and micro-computed tomography.

Influence of Microstructure on the Binder Ratio of B-TCP Tissue Scaffolds Using Selective Laser Sintering

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liulan Lin ◽  
Qingxi Hu ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Minglun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Living Bone ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Porous Volume

The growing interest in scaffold-guided tissue engineering (TE) to guide and support cell proliferation in the repair and replacement of bone defects gave rise to the quest for a precise. Rapid prototyping (RP) has been identified as a promising technique capable of building complex objects with pre-designed macro- and microstructures. Calcium phosphate ceramics are biocompatible and may develop interactions with human living bone tissues. They are used clinically on the surface of orthopedic implants to improve primary fixation or in the form of porous blocks. The research focused on the macro and micro-structure of using the selective laser sintering (SLS) technique for creating porous tissue engineering scaffolds. The composite blends obtained by physical blending nano TCP and micro polymer powder binders. The SLS-fabricated test specimens were characterized using XRD and scanning electron microscopy. The total porous volume of the ceramics was over 70% and the pore size from several μm to 600μm. The results obtained ascertained that SLS-fabricated scaffolds have good potential for TE applications.

Selective Laser Sintering of Poly(L-Lactide) Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Lee ◽  
Wen You Zhou ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
W.L. Cheung ◽  
W.Y. Ip
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Oil In Water Emulsion ◽  
Polyamide Powder

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing selective laser sintering (SLS) to build 3D porous tissue engineering scaffolds from small quantities of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA). PLLA microspheres with suitable particle sizes for the SLS process were produced by the oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation technique. A miniature build platform was designed, fabricated and incorporated in an existing Sinterstation® 2000 system to enable small quantities of polymer powder to be used for the production of 3D porous scaffolds. Trial runs were first performed using the DuraForm™ polyamide powder and interfacing problems between the miniature build platform and the existing machine were solved. Then 3D porous scaffolds were successfully built from the PLLA microspheres using the modified SLS machine. This study paved the way for further comprehensive studies on selective laser sintering of tissue engineering scaffolds using expensive biopolymers and their composites.

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