Integrated Dynamic Simulation Model With Supervisory Control Strategy for a PEM Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan-Chiao Lin ◽  
Huei Peng ◽  
Min Joong Kim ◽  
Jessy W. Grizzle
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Cell System ◽  
System Level ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Stochastic Dynamic ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Level Control

System-level modeling and control strategy development for a hybrid fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) are presented in this paper. A reduced-order fuel cell model is created to accurately predict the fuel cell system efficiency while retaining dynamic effects of important reactant variables. The fuel cell system model is then integrated with a DC/DC converter, a Li-Ion battery, an electric drive and tire/vehicle dynamics to form a HFCV. The supervisory-level control problem of the HFCV is subsequently investigated. A stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) based approach is applied to obtain an optimal power management strategy. Simulations over different driving cycles showed that the SDP control strategy not only saved a significant amount of hydrogen but also produced smoother load for the fuel cell stack—both of which help the long term viability of the fuel cell technology for automotive applications.

Implementation of a Fuel Cell System Model Into Building Energy Simulation Software IDA-ICE

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Vesanen ◽  
Krzysztof Klobut ◽  
Jari Shemeikka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Cell System ◽  
System Model ◽  
System Level ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Level Model ◽  
System Level Model

Due to constantly increasing electricity consumption, networks are becoming overloaded and unstable. Decentralization of power generation using small-scale local cogeneration plants becomes an interesting option to improve economy and energy reliability of buildings in terms of both electricity and heat. It is expected that stationary applications in buildings will be one of the most important fields for fuel cell systems. In northern countries, like Finland, efficient utilization of heat from fuel cells is feasible. Even though the development of some fuel cell systems has already progressed to a field trial stage, relatively little is known about the interaction of fuel cells with building energy systems during a dynamic operation. This issue could be addressed using simulation techniques, but there has been a lack of adequate simulation models. International cooperation under IEA/ECBCS/Annex 42 aims at filling this gap, and the study presented in this paper is part of this effort. Our objective was to provide the means for studying the interaction between a building and a fuel cell system by incorporating a realistic fuel cell model into a building energy simulation. A two-part model for a solid-oxide fuel cell system has been developed. One part is a simplified model of the fuel cell itself. The other part is a system level model, in which a control volume boundary is assumed around a fuel cell power module and the interior of it is regarded as a “black box.” The system level model has been developed based on a specification defined within Annex 42. The cell model (programed in a spreadsheet) provides a link between inputs and outputs of the black box in the system model. This approach allows easy modifications whenever needed. The system level model has been incorporated into the building simulation tool IDA-ICE (Indoor Climate and Energy) using the neutral model format language. The first phase of model implementation has been completed. In the next phase, model validation will continue. The final goal is to create a comprehensive but flexible model, which could serve as a reliable tool to simulate the operation of different fuel cell systems in different buildings.

PEMFC Transient Response Characteristics Analysis in Case of Temperature Sensor Failure

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Han ◽  
Sangseok Yu ◽  
Jinwon Yun
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
System Level ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Free System

In this study, transient responses of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system were performed to understand the effect of sensor fault signal on the temperature sensor of the stack and the coolant inlet. We designed a system-level fuel cell model including a thermal management system, and a controller to analyze the dynamic behavior of fuel cell system applied with variable sensor fault scenarios such as stuck, offset, and scaling. Under drastic load variations, transient behavior is affected by fault signals of the sensor. Especially, the net power of the faulty system is 45.9 kW. On the other hand, the net power of the fault free system is 46.1 kW. Therefore, the net power of a faulty system is about 0.2 kW lower than that of a fault-free system. This analysis can help in understanding the transient behavior of fuel cell systems at the system level under fault situations and provide a proper failure avoidance control strategy for the fuel cell system.

Control Strategy Optimization of a Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicle

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Paladini ◽  
Teresa Donateo ◽  
Arturo de Risi ◽  
Domenico Laforgia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Maximum Efficiency

In the last decades, due to emission reduction policies, research focused on alternative powertrains among which electric vehicles powered by fuel cells are becoming an attractive solution. The main issues of these vehicles are the energy management system and the overall fuel economy. An overview of the existing solutions with respect to their overall efficiency is reported in the paper. On the bases of the literature results, the more efficient powertrain scheme has been selected. The present investigation aims at identifying the best control strategy to power a vehicle with both fuel cell and battery to reduce fuel consumption. The optimization of the control strategy is achieved by using a genetic algorithm. To model the powertrain behavior, an on purpose made simulation program has been developed and implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. In particular, the fuel cell model is based on the theory of Amphlett et al. (1995, “Performance Modeling of the Ballard Mark IV Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell. II. Empirical Model Development,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 142(1)) whereas the battery model also accounts for the charge/discharge efficiency. The analyzed powertrain is equipped with an energy recovery system. During acceleration, power is demanded to the storage system, while during deceleration the battery is recharged. All the tested control strategies assume charge sustaining operation for the battery and that the fuel cell system has to work around its maximum efficiency. All the tested strategies have been validated on four driving cycles.

Definition and Cost Evaluation of Fuel Cell Bus and Passenger Vehicle Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. James ◽  
Jennie M. Moton ◽  
Whitney G. Colella
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
System Cost ◽  
Capital Costs

A design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA™) analysis is applied to future bus and automotive fuel cell vehicle (FCV) system designs. This DFMA™ analysis is used to identify (1) optimal fuel cell system (FCS) operating parameters for system cost minimization, (2) FCV designs appropriate for volume manufacture, (3) FCV manufacturing supply chain designs, (4) projected future capital costs of FCVs at varying manufacturing rates, and (5) primary cost drivers. This DFMA™ analysis focuses on the FCS drive train. It excludes fuel storage, the electric drive drain, and all other parts of the vehicle (chassis, exterior, etc.). These FCSs are envisioned to use low temperature proton exchange membrane (LT PEM) stacks to convert hydrogen fuel into electric power. Models are developed to minimize LT PEM fuel cell system costs by finding the cost optimal combination of (1) stack operating pressure, (2) cell voltage, (3) platinum (Pt) catalyst loading, (4) stoichiometric ratio of oxygen, and (5) coolant stack exit temperature. A multi-variable Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis indicates, with 90% confidence, that a FCS producing peak net 160 kilowatt-electric (kWe) for a bus application and produced at a rate of 1,000 FCS/year (yr) is expected to cost between $251/kWe and $334/kWe. Similarly, a peak net 80 kWe automotive FCS manufactured at a rate of 500,000 FCSs/year is estimated to cost between $51/kWe and $65/kWe, with 90% confidence. Total FCS costs are the sum of PEM stack and balance of plant (BOP) costs. The BOP components represent 32% of the bus FCS costs and 48% of the automotive system cost.

Water and Thermal Management of an Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell System for Automotive Applications

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Eggert ◽  
P. Badrinarayanan ◽  
David Friedman ◽  
Joshua Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems using steam-reformed methanol are currently under consideration for first generation commercial fuel cell vehicles. Proper water and heat management of such a system is critical in achieving high overall efficiency and maintaining water self-sufficiency. The first part of the paper briefly describes the key aspects of the water and thermal management (WTM) model developed as part of the Fuel Cell Vehicle Modeling Program (FCVMP) at the University of California – Davis. The main purpose of this model was to determine the water self-sufficiency and temperature management requirements of the indirect methanol fuel cell system and to evaluate the associated parasitic losses. This model has imbedded in it the main components of the fuel cell system, such as the fuel cell stack, air compressor, and fuel processor as seen by the WTM system. The second half of the paper discusses the results obtained from the model and their implications. We find that the cooling and humidification of the anode and cathode inlet streams can be accomplished with water injection and therefore, a separate heat exchanger is not needed for additional cooling. Additionally we find that the instantaneous and cumulative excess water is determined by factors such as air supply characteristics, condenser efficiency, ambient air humidity, and stack attributes. We find that these factors can affect the ability of the vehicle to achieve true water self-sufficiency.

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