Increasing the Efficiency of a Gas Turbine Power Plant by Waste Heat Recovery

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shukla ◽  
M. Izadi ◽  
P. Marzocca ◽  
D. K. Aidun
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Current System ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant ◽  
Steam Cycle

The objective of this paper is to evaluate methods to increase the efficiency of a gas turbine power plant. Advanced intercooled gas turbine power plants are quite efficient, efficiency reaching about 47%. The efficiency could be further increased by recovering wasted heat. The system under consideration includes an intercooled gas turbine. The heat is being wasted in the intercooler and a temperature drop happens at the exhaust. For the current system it will be shown that combining the gas cycle with steam cycle and removing the intercooler will increase the efficiency of the combined cycle power plant up to 60%. In combined cycles the efficiency depends greatly on the exhaust temperature of the gas turbine and the higher gas temperature leads to the higher efficiency of the steam cycle. The analysis shows that the latest gas turbines with the intercooler can be employed more efficiently in a combined cycle power application if the intercooler is removed from the system.

Efficiency Optimization of Four Gas Turbine Power Plant Configurations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Almodarra ◽  
Abdullah Alabdulkarem
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Conjugate Directions ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Gas turbine power plants fueled by natural gas are common due to their quick start-up operation and low emissions compared with steam power plants that are directly fired. However, the efficiency of basic gas turbine power plant is considered low. Any improvement in the efficiency would result in fuel savings as well as reduction in CO2 emissions. One way to improve the efficiency is to utilize exhaust gas waste heat. Two waste heat utilization options were considered. The first option was to run a steam power plant (i.e. combined cycle power plant) while the other option was to use a regenerator which reduces the size of the combustion chamber. The regenerator utilizes the waste heat to preheat the compressed air before the combustion chamber. In addition, the efficiency can be improved with compressor intercooling and turbine reheating. In this paper, four gas turbine power plant configurations were investigated and optimized to find the maximum possible efficiency for each configuration. The configurations are (1) basic gas turbine, (2) combined cycle, (3) advanced combined cycle and (4) gas turbine with regenerator, intercooler and reheater. The power plants were modeled in EES software and the basic model was validated against vendor’s data (GE E-class gas turbine Model 7E) with good agreement. Maximum discrepancy was only 3%. The optimization was carried out using conjugate directions method and improvements in the baseline design were as high as 25%. The paper presents the modeling work, baseline designs, optimization and analysis of the optimization results using T-s diagrams. The efficiency of the optimized configurations varied from 49% up 65%.

Performance Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Through Exergetic and Environmental Indices

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Vicente Torres González ◽  
Raúl Lugo Leyte ◽  
Martín Salazar Pereyra ◽  
Helen Denise Lugo Méndez ◽  
Miguel Toledo Velázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

In this paper is carried out a comparison between a gas turbine power plant and a combined cycle power plant through exergetic and environmental indices in order to determine performance and sustainability aspects of a gas turbine and combined cycle plant. First of all, an exergetic analysis of the gas turbine and the combined is carried out then the exergetic and environmental indices are calculated for the gas turbine (case A) and the combined cycle (case B). The exergetic indices are exergetic efficiency, waste exergy ratio, exergy destruction factor, recoverable exergy ratio, environmental effect factor and exergetic sustainability. Besides, the environmental indices are global warming, smog formation and acid rain indices. In the case A, the two gas turbines generate 278.4 MW; whereas 415.19 MW of electricity power is generated by the combined cycle (case B). The results show that exergetic sustainability index for cases A and B are 0.02888 and 0.1058 respectively. The steam turbine cycle improves the overall efficiency, as well as, the reviewed exergetic indexes. Besides, the environmental indices of the gas turbines (case A) are lower than the combined cycle environmental indices (case B), since the combustion gases are only generated in the combustion chamber.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the anti-icing system for the ship propulsion plant with gas turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
George Iulian Balan ◽  
Octavian Narcis Volintiru ◽  
Ionut Cristian Scurtu ◽  
Florin Ioniță ◽  
Mirela Letitia Vasile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Vessels that have navigation routes in areas with ambient temperatures that can drop below + 5 [°C], with a relative humidity of over 65%, will have implemented technical solutions for monitoring and combating ice accumulations in the intake routes of gas turbine power plants. Because gas turbines are not designed and built to allow the admission of foreign objects (in this case - ice), it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of ice through anti-icing systems and not to melt ice through defrost systems. Naval anti-icing systems may have as a source of energy flow compressed air, supersaturated steam, exhaust gases, electricity or a combination of those listed. The monitoring and optimization of the operation of the anti-icing system gives the gas turbine power plant an operation as close as possible to the normal regimes stipulated in the ship's construction or retrofit specification.

Thermo-Economic Assessment Under Electrical Market Uncertainties of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Integrated With a Flue Gas-Condensing Heat Pump

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Vannoni ◽  
Andrea Giugno ◽  
Alessandro Sorce
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Abstract Renewable energy penetration is growing, due to the target of greenhouse-gas-emission reduction, even though fossil fuel-based technologies are still necessary in the current energy market scenario to provide reliable back-up power to stabilize the grid. Nevertheless, currently, an investment in such a kind of power plant might not be profitable enough, since some energy policies have led to a general decrease of both the average price of electricity and its variability; moreover, in several countries negative prices are reached on some sunny or windy days. Within this context, Combined Heat and Power systems appear not just as a fuel-efficient way to fulfill local thermal demand, but also as a sustainable way to maintain installed capacity able to support electricity grid reliability. Innovative solutions to increase both the efficiency and flexibility of those power plants, as well as careful evaluations of the economic context, are essential to ensure the sustainability of the economic investment in a fast-paced changing energy field. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of an integrated solution of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a flue gas condensing heat pump. Considering capital expenditure, heat demand, electricity price and its fluctuations during the whole system life, the sustainability of the investment is evaluated taking into account the uncertainties of economic scenarios and benchmarked against the integration of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a Heat-Only Boiler.

Thermo-Economic Assessment Under Electrical Market Uncertainties of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Integrated With a Flue Gas-Condensing Heat Pump

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Vannoni ◽  
Andrea Giugno ◽  
Alessandro Sorce
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Abstract Renewable energy penetration is growing, due to the target of greenhouse-gas-emission reduction, even though fossil fuel-based technologies are still necessary in the current energy market scenario to provide reliable back-up power to stabilize the grid. Nevertheless, currently, an investment in such a kind of power plant might not be profitable enough, since some energy policies have led to a general decrease of both the average single national price of electricity (PUN) and its variability; moreover, in several countries, negative prices are reached on some sunny or windy days. Within this context, combined heat and power (CHP) systems appear not just as a fuel-efficient way to fulfill local thermal demand but also as a sustainable way to maintain installed capacity able to support electricity grid reliability. Innovative solutions to increase both the efficiency and flexibility of those power plants, as well as careful evaluations of the economic context, are essential to ensure the sustainability of the economic investment in a fast-paced changing energy field. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of an integrated solution of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a flue gas condensing heat pump. Considering capital expenditure, heat demand, electricity price, and its fluctuations during the whole system life, the sustainability of the investment is evaluated taking into account the uncertainties of economic scenarios and benchmarked against the integration of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a heat-only boiler (HOB).

Introducing the 1S.W501G Single-Shaft Combined-Cycle Reference Power Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Engelbert ◽  
Joseph J. Fadok ◽  
Robert A. Fuller ◽  
Bernd Lueneburg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Driven by the requirements of the US electric power market, the suppliers of power plants are challenged to reconcile both plant efficiency and operating flexibility. It is also anticipated that the future market will require more power plants with increased power density by means of a single gas turbine based combined-cycle plant. Paramount for plant efficiency is a highly efficient gas turbine and a state-of-the-art bottoming cycle, which are well harmonized. Also, operating and dispatch flexibility requires a bottoming cycle that has fast start, shutdown and cycling capabilities to support daily start and stop cycles. In order to meet these requirements the author’s company is responding with the development of the single-shaft 1S.W501G combined-cycle power plant. This nominal 400MW class plant will be equipped with the highly efficient W501G gas turbine, hydrogen-cooled generator, single side exhausting KN steam turbine and a Benson™ once-through heat recovery steam generator (Benson™-OT HRSG). The single-shaft 1S.W501G design will allow the plant not only to be operated economically during periods of high demand, but also to compete in the traditional “one-hour-forward” trading market that is served today only by simple-cycle gas turbines. By designing the plant with fast-start capability, start-up emissions, fuel and water consumption will be dramatically reduced. This Reference Power Plant (RPP) therefore represents a logical step in the evolution of combined-cycle power plant designs. It combines both the experiences of the well-known 50Hz single-shaft 1S.V94.3A plant with the fast start plant features developed for the 2.W501F multi-shaft RPP. The paper will address results of the single-shaft 1S.W501G development program within the authors’ company.

Development of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine/Steam Plant for Training Marine and Power Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peter Sarnacki ◽  
Richard Kimball ◽  
Barbara Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Steam Plant

The integration of micro turbine engines into the engineering programs offered at Maine Maritime Academy (MMA) has created a dynamic, hands-on approach to learning the theoretical and operational characteristics of a turbojet engine. Maine Maritime Academy is a fully accredited college of Engineering, Science and International Business located on the coast of Maine and has over 850 undergraduate students. The majority of the students are enrolled in one of five majors offered at the college in the Engineering Department. MMA already utilizes gas turbines and steam plants as part of the core engineering training with fully operational turbines and steam plant laboratories. As background, this paper will overview the unique hands-on nature of the engineering programs offered at the institution with a focus of implementation of a micro gas turbine trainer into all engineering majors taught at the college. The training demonstrates the effectiveness of a working gas turbine to translate theory into practical applications and real world conditions found in the operation of a combustion turbine. This paper presents the efforts of developing a combined cycle power plant for training engineers in the operation and performance of such a plant. Combined cycle power plants are common in the power industry due to their high thermal efficiencies. As gas turbines/electric power plants become implemented into marine applications, it is expected that combined cycle plants will follow. Maine Maritime Academy has a focus on training engineers for the marine and stationary power industry. The trainer described in this paper is intended to prepare engineers in the design and operation of this type of plant, as well as serve as a research platform for operational and technical study in plant performance. This work describes efforts to combine these laboratory resources into an operating combined cycle plant. Specifically, we present efforts to integrate a commercially available, 65 kW gas turbine generator system with our existing steam plant. The paper reviews the design and analysis of the system to produce a 78 kW power plant that approaches 35% thermal efficiency. The functional operation of the plant as a trainer is presented as the plant is designed to operate with the same basic functionality and control as a larger commercial plant.

Design Considerations for Syngas Turbine Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Ganjikunta
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Hazardous Area

Market demands such as generating power at lower cost, increasing reliability, providing fuel flexibility, increasing efficiency and reducing emissions have renewed the interest in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants in the Indian refinery segment. This technology typically uses coal or petroleum coke (petcoke) gasification and gas turbine based combined cycle systems as it offers potential advantages in reducing emissions and producing low cost electricity. Gasification of coal typically produces syngas which is a mixture of Hydrogen (H) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Present state of gas turbine technology facilitates burning of low calorific fuels such as syngas and gas turbine is the heart of power block in IGCC. Selecting a suitable gas turbine for syngas fired power plant application and optimization in integration can offer the purchaser savings in initial cost by avoiding oversizing as well as reduction in operating cost through better efficiency. This paper discusses the following aspects of syngas turbine IGCC power plant: • Considerations in design and engineering approach • Review of technologies in syngas fired gas turbines • Design differences of syngas turbines with respect to natural gas fired turbines • Gas turbine integration with gasifier, associated syngas system design and materials • Syngas safety, HAZOP and Hazardous area classification • Retrofitting of existing gas turbines suitable for syngas firing • Project execution and coordination at various phases of a project This paper is based on the experience gained in the recently executed syngas fired gas turbine based captive power plant and IGCC plant. This experience would be useful for gas turbine technology selection, integration of gas turbine in to IGCC, estimating engineering efforts, cost savings, cycle time reduction, retrofits and lowering future syngas based power plant project risks.

Second Law Efficiency of the Rankine Bottoming Cycle of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gulen ◽  
Raub W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

A significant portion of the new electrical generating capacity installed in the past decade has employed heavy-duty gas turbines operating in a combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine bottoming cycle. In these power plants approximately one third of the power is generated by the bottoming cycle. To ensure that the highest possible combined cycle efficiency is realized it is important to develop the combined cycle power plant as a system. Doing so requires a solid understanding of the efficiency entitlement of both, topping and bottoming, cycles separately and as a whole. This paper describes a simple but accurate method to estimate the Rankine bottoming cycle power output directly from the gas turbine exhaust exergy utilizing the second law of thermodynamics. The classical first law approach, i.e. the heat and mass balance method, requires lengthy calculations and complex computer-based modeling tools to evaluate Rankine bottoming cycle performance. In this paper, a rigorous application of the fundamental thermodynamic principles embodied by the second law to the major cycle components clearly demonstrates that the Rankine cycle performance can be accurately represented by several key parameters. The power of the second law approach lies in its ability to highlight the theoretical entitlement and state-of-the-art design performances simultaneously via simple, fundamental relationships. By considering economically and technologically feasible upper limits for the key parameters, the maximum achievable bottoming cycle power output is readily calculable for any given gas turbine from its exhaust exergy.

A Sequential Approach for Gas Turbine Power Plant Preventive Maintenance Scheduling

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Zhao ◽  
Vitali Volovoi ◽  
Mark Waters ◽  
Dimitri Mavris
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maintenance Scheduling ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Traditionally the gas turbine power plant preventive maintenances are scheduled with constant maintenance intervals based on recommendations from the equipment suppliers. The preventive maintenances are based on fleet wide experiences, and they are scheduled in a one-size-fit-all fashion. However, in reality, the operating conditions for each gas turbine may vary from site to site, and from unit to unit. Furthermore, the gas turbine is a repairable deteriorating system, and preventive maintenance usually restores only part of its performance. This suggests the gas turbines need more frequent inspection and maintenance as it ages. A unit specific sequential preventive maintenance approach is therefore needed for gas turbine power plants preventive maintenance scheduling. Traditionally the optimization criteria for preventive maintenance scheduling is usually cost based. In the deregulated electric power market, a profit based optimization approach is expected to be more effective than the cost based approach. In such an approach, power plant performance, reliability, and the market dynamics are considered in a joint fashion. In this paper, a novel idea that economics drive maintenance expense and frequency to more frequent repairs and greater expense as the equipment and components age is introduced, and a profit based unit specific sequential preventive maintenance scheduling methodology is developed. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, this methodology is implemented using a base load combined cycle power plant with single gas turbine unit.

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