Energy Consumption Modeling of a Heat Pump System for Combined Space Conditioning and Residential Water Heating in a Typical Household in Quito, Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Agila ◽  
Guillermo Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water

This research develops a detailed model for a Water to Water Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH), operating for heating and cooling simultaneously, using two water storage tanks as thermal deposits. The primary function of the system is to produce useful heat for domestic hot water services according to the thermal requirements for an average household (two adults and one child) in the city of Quito, Ecuador. The purpose of the project is to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of implementing thermal storage and heat pump technology to provide efficient thermal services and reduce energy consumption; as well as environmental impacts associated with conventional systems for residential water heating. An energy simulation using TRNSYS 17 is carried to evaluate model operation for one year. The purpose of the simulation is to assess and quantifies the performance, energy consumption and potential savings of integrating heat pump systems with thermal energy storage technology, as well as determines the main parameter affecting the efficiency of the system. Finally, a comparative analysis based on annual energy consumption for different ways to produce hot water is conducted. Five alternatives were examined: (1) electric storage water heater; (2) gas fired water heater; (3) solar water heater; (4) air source heat pump water heater; and (5) a heat pump water heater integrated with thermal storage.

Residential Water Heating Dehumidifier (WHD) With Devoted Dehumidification

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron K. Ball ◽  
Chip W. Ferguson ◽  
Frank T. Miceli ◽  
Evelyn Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water

A new a dual-service dehumidifier water heater (WHD) appliance is being researched and developed by the authors. Prior research on a similar appliance, a heat pump water heater (HPWH), has demonstrated the unit’s increased performance and energy saving, and through collaboration, significant progress has been made toward developing the WHD into a potentially marketable product. The primary energy use in residential households is space conditioning (49%), and the second major energy use is hot water consumption. In DOE’s 2004 Buildings Data Book, 15.5 percent of residential energy utilization is consumed by water heating (DOE 2004, Table 1.2.3). The two major types of residential water heaters are direct gas fired (~55%) and electric resistance (~45%) (DOE 2004, Appliance Magazine 2005). The maximum efficiency of a standard electric resistance water heater is 1 (100%), and progress has been made to increase the efficiency of the current standard heaters to approximately 95 percent (DOE 2004, Table 5.10.6), which is roughly the maximum available with today’s technology. However, if the standard system is replaced by a Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH), the performance can be increased by 140 percent (Zogg and Murphy 2004). The WHD operates as a HPWH while heating water and as a dedicated dehumidifier when water heating is not necessary. This paper presents the general design and laboratory testing results of a WHD. Preliminary performance data reveal coefficient of performances (COP) of approximately 2.2 during water heating. Further, market analysis has revealed that a potential need for this new technology is in regions with high humidity (Ashdown et al. 2004). These regions are primarily in the Northeast, Southeast and some coastal areas of the U.S. Current HPWH units do not have dedicated dehumidification and have a very small share of the residential water heat market. Of the 9.55 million residential water heaters sold in 2003 only about 2,000 of them were HPWHs (DOE 2004, Table 5.10.15).

Statistical Analyses on Usage of Water Heater in Urban Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 748-751
Author(s):  
Zhao Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Residential Water

A survey for water heater in urban residential buildings is carried in Wuhan. The results show that more than 40% subjects use solar energy water heat. More than 20% subjects point out the energy consumption of water heater should be decreased. There are about 24.8% subjects take initial cost as the first place when they chose water heater. 44.2% subjects know about heat pump water heater, but they could not buy it if the initial cost is too high. There are 84% subjects could select heat pump water heater when the cost is no more 20% high than the average price of the common water heaters. Moreover, the energy consumptions of residential water heaters are also investigated. The energy consumption characteristics of water heater in Wuhan are analyzed.

scholarly journals Heat Pump Water Heater For Cold Climate – Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afarin Amirirad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

Considering the large energy consumption of conventional water heaters in residential buildings, the performance of a new type of water heater has been characterized through conducting experiments and numerical modelling. The specific water heater investigated in this work benefits from heat absorption from the indoor air, denoted as the air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH), and is located in the Archetype Sustainable Twin House B in Toronto. The experiments have been conducted under three different indoor conditions associated with temperature and humidity. The coefficient of performance (COP), which quantifies the ratio of heating capacity to the consumed power of ASHPWH, ranges between 1.5 and 5, depending on the indoor dry bulb and water inlet temperatures. A TRNSYS model of ASHPWH has been constructed based on the obtained experimental results and has subsequently been integrated with a TRNSYS model of the Archetype Sustainable House (ASH). The numerical results were verified with the experimental data. The model results suggests that after employing ASHPWH, the domestic hot water energy consumption reduces by 60.3% and 53.2% compared to the electric water heater in summer and winter respectively. Due to the energy absorption of ASHPWH from the indoor environment, the heating load of the ASH house increases while its cooling load decreases. Furthermore, the annual electricity consumption of the ASH house due to the required heating and cooling as well as the domestic hot water demand is reduced by 21.3%. Finally, as a consequence of employing ASHPWH, the energy cost and GHG emission were reduced respectively by 22% and 21.7%. By investigating the system in four other Canadian cities, it appears that Vancouver and Edmonton would have the maximum and minimum energy savings respectively.

scholarly journals Heat Pump Water Heater For Cold Climate – Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afarin Amirirad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

Considering the large energy consumption of conventional water heaters in residential buildings, the performance of a new type of water heater has been characterized through conducting experiments and numerical modelling. The specific water heater investigated in this work benefits from heat absorption from the indoor air, denoted as the air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH), and is located in the Archetype Sustainable Twin House B in Toronto. The experiments have been conducted under three different indoor conditions associated with temperature and humidity. The coefficient of performance (COP), which quantifies the ratio of heating capacity to the consumed power of ASHPWH, ranges between 1.5 and 5, depending on the indoor dry bulb and water inlet temperatures. A TRNSYS model of ASHPWH has been constructed based on the obtained experimental results and has subsequently been integrated with a TRNSYS model of the Archetype Sustainable House (ASH). The numerical results were verified with the experimental data. The model results suggests that after employing ASHPWH, the domestic hot water energy consumption reduces by 60.3% and 53.2% compared to the electric water heater in summer and winter respectively. Due to the energy absorption of ASHPWH from the indoor environment, the heating load of the ASH house increases while its cooling load decreases. Furthermore, the annual electricity consumption of the ASH house due to the required heating and cooling as well as the domestic hot water demand is reduced by 21.3%. Finally, as a consequence of employing ASHPWH, the energy cost and GHG emission were reduced respectively by 22% and 21.7%. By investigating the system in four other Canadian cities, it appears that Vancouver and Edmonton would have the maximum and minimum energy savings respectively.

DETERMINING THE PROFITABILITY OF GREENHOUSE ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES: A MODELING APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249a-249
Author(s):  
Eric A. Lavoie ◽  
Damien de Halleux ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Claude Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The main objective of this research was to produce a simulated model that permitted the evaluation of operating costs of commercial greenhouse tomato growers with respect to heating methods (hot air, hot water, radiant and heat pumps) and the use of artificial lighting for 1991 and 1992. This research showed that the main factors that negatively influence profitability were energy consumption during cold periods and the price of tomatoes during the summer season. The conventional hot water system consumed less energy than the heat pump system and produced marketable fruit yields similar to those from the heat pump system. The hot water system was generally more profitable in regards to energy consumption and productivity. Moreover, investment costs were less; therefore, this system gives best overall financial savings. As for radiant and hot air systems, their overall financial status falls between that of the hot water system and the heat pump. The radiant system proved to be more energy efficient that the hot air system, but the latter produced a higher marketable fruit yield over the 2-year study.

Theoretical investigation on the heating performance of a recuperative heat pump water heater using CO2/HCs with large temperature glides in cold regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jielin Luo ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Kaiyin Yang ◽  
Guangming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heating Performance ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Vapor Injection ◽  
Injection Cycle

Abstract Considering the issues of environmental pollution and energy efficiency, heat pumps are gradually replacing traditional coal combustion for heating at low ambient temperatures. In this paper, eco-friendly CO2/HCs with large temperature glides are applied in a single-stage recuperative heat pump water heater. Its heating performance is theoretically investigated under the working condition of producing circulating hot water in typical winter of northern China, with medium temperature difference between supply/return water and large temperature difference between air inlet and water inlet. Due to its simple structure, low initial investment and high efficiency, its potential for producing circulating hot water is demonstrated. Exergy analyses are conducted to reveal the significant influence of the exergy losses of heat exchanger on system performance. For specified CO2/HC, optimal COP is obtained through global optimization of cycle pressures and mixture concentration. The heating performances of different CO2/HCs are compared, among which CO2/R600 and CO2/R600a behave better. Meanwhile, a typical vapor-injection cycle is used to demonstrate priorities on the heating performance of this recuperative cycle, in which the COP of recuperative cycle using CO2/R600 is more than 3.4% higher than that of the vapor-injection cycle. The results obtained in this paper provide a simple and efficient solution for producing circulating hot water at low ambient temperatures.

scholarly journals A Compact and Fast Temperature-Response Heat Pump Water Heater

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Huang ◽  
F. H. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Supply Tank ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Temperature Recovery ◽  
Line Switching

A compact and fast temperature-response heat pump water heater was designed using multiple tanks and a sequential control device. The supply tank was heated as a priority by a freon-line switching device to increase the temperature recovery speed. A dual-tank prototype with 100-liter capacity was built and tested. The experimental results show that the time for temperature recovery of the supply tank from 42°C to 54°C reaches 10–20 minutes and COP reaches 2.0–3.0 during various seasons. The prototype tests show that an energy saving around 50%–70% as compared to the electrical water heater can be obtained. The hot water discharge efficiency of the heat pump is 0.912.

Performance of Add-On Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) Systems and Their Impacts on Electric Utility Loads

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya I. Sharaf-Eldeen ◽  
Craig V. Muccio ◽  
Eric Gay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

This work involves measurements, analyses, and evaluations of the performance of add-on, Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) systems in residential and small commercial applications. Two air-source Heat Pump (HP) systems rated at 7,000- and 12,000-BTU (2.051- and 3.517-kWh), were utilized in this work. The two HPs were retrofitted to two 50-gallon (189.3 liters) electric-resistance storage water-heaters with their electric heating elements removed. A third, standard electric water-heater (EWH), was used for comparison. The testing set-up was fully instrumented for measurements of pertinent parameters, including inlet and outlet water temperatures, inlet and outlet air temperatures of the HPs, temperature and humidity of the air in the surrounding space, volume of water draws out of the storage heater tanks, as well as electric energy consumptions of the systems. Several performance measures were used in this work, including the Coefficient of Performance (COP), which is a measure of the instantaneous energy output in comparison with the energy input; Energy Factor (EF), which is an average measure of the COP taken over extended periods of time; and the First Hour Rating (FHR), which is a measure of the maximum volume of hot water that a storage type water-heater can supply to a residence within an hour. The results obtained clearly indicate that, HPWH systems are much more efficient as compared to standard EWHs. While the average value of the EF for a standard EWH is close to 1.0, the HPWH systems yield EFs averaging more than 2.00, resulting in annual energy savings averaging more than 50%. The results also showed that, HPWH systems are effective at reducing utility peak demand-loads, in addition to providing substantial cost savings to consumers.

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