Statistical Analyses on Usage of Water Heater in Urban Residential Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 748-751
Author(s):  
Zhao Xia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Residential Water

A survey for water heater in urban residential buildings is carried in Wuhan. The results show that more than 40% subjects use solar energy water heat. More than 20% subjects point out the energy consumption of water heater should be decreased. There are about 24.8% subjects take initial cost as the first place when they chose water heater. 44.2% subjects know about heat pump water heater, but they could not buy it if the initial cost is too high. There are 84% subjects could select heat pump water heater when the cost is no more 20% high than the average price of the common water heaters. Moreover, the energy consumptions of residential water heaters are also investigated. The energy consumption characteristics of water heater in Wuhan are analyzed.

Energy Consumption Modeling of a Heat Pump System for Combined Space Conditioning and Residential Water Heating in a Typical Household in Quito, Ecuador

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Agila ◽  
Guillermo Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water

This research develops a detailed model for a Water to Water Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH), operating for heating and cooling simultaneously, using two water storage tanks as thermal deposits. The primary function of the system is to produce useful heat for domestic hot water services according to the thermal requirements for an average household (two adults and one child) in the city of Quito, Ecuador. The purpose of the project is to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of implementing thermal storage and heat pump technology to provide efficient thermal services and reduce energy consumption; as well as environmental impacts associated with conventional systems for residential water heating. An energy simulation using TRNSYS 17 is carried to evaluate model operation for one year. The purpose of the simulation is to assess and quantifies the performance, energy consumption and potential savings of integrating heat pump systems with thermal energy storage technology, as well as determines the main parameter affecting the efficiency of the system. Finally, a comparative analysis based on annual energy consumption for different ways to produce hot water is conducted. Five alternatives were examined: (1) electric storage water heater; (2) gas fired water heater; (3) solar water heater; (4) air source heat pump water heater; and (5) a heat pump water heater integrated with thermal storage.

scholarly journals Heat Pump Water Heater For Cold Climate – Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afarin Amirirad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

Considering the large energy consumption of conventional water heaters in residential buildings, the performance of a new type of water heater has been characterized through conducting experiments and numerical modelling. The specific water heater investigated in this work benefits from heat absorption from the indoor air, denoted as the air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH), and is located in the Archetype Sustainable Twin House B in Toronto. The experiments have been conducted under three different indoor conditions associated with temperature and humidity. The coefficient of performance (COP), which quantifies the ratio of heating capacity to the consumed power of ASHPWH, ranges between 1.5 and 5, depending on the indoor dry bulb and water inlet temperatures. A TRNSYS model of ASHPWH has been constructed based on the obtained experimental results and has subsequently been integrated with a TRNSYS model of the Archetype Sustainable House (ASH). The numerical results were verified with the experimental data. The model results suggests that after employing ASHPWH, the domestic hot water energy consumption reduces by 60.3% and 53.2% compared to the electric water heater in summer and winter respectively. Due to the energy absorption of ASHPWH from the indoor environment, the heating load of the ASH house increases while its cooling load decreases. Furthermore, the annual electricity consumption of the ASH house due to the required heating and cooling as well as the domestic hot water demand is reduced by 21.3%. Finally, as a consequence of employing ASHPWH, the energy cost and GHG emission were reduced respectively by 22% and 21.7%. By investigating the system in four other Canadian cities, it appears that Vancouver and Edmonton would have the maximum and minimum energy savings respectively.

scholarly journals Heat Pump Water Heater For Cold Climate – Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afarin Amirirad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

Considering the large energy consumption of conventional water heaters in residential buildings, the performance of a new type of water heater has been characterized through conducting experiments and numerical modelling. The specific water heater investigated in this work benefits from heat absorption from the indoor air, denoted as the air source heat pump water heater (ASHPWH), and is located in the Archetype Sustainable Twin House B in Toronto. The experiments have been conducted under three different indoor conditions associated with temperature and humidity. The coefficient of performance (COP), which quantifies the ratio of heating capacity to the consumed power of ASHPWH, ranges between 1.5 and 5, depending on the indoor dry bulb and water inlet temperatures. A TRNSYS model of ASHPWH has been constructed based on the obtained experimental results and has subsequently been integrated with a TRNSYS model of the Archetype Sustainable House (ASH). The numerical results were verified with the experimental data. The model results suggests that after employing ASHPWH, the domestic hot water energy consumption reduces by 60.3% and 53.2% compared to the electric water heater in summer and winter respectively. Due to the energy absorption of ASHPWH from the indoor environment, the heating load of the ASH house increases while its cooling load decreases. Furthermore, the annual electricity consumption of the ASH house due to the required heating and cooling as well as the domestic hot water demand is reduced by 21.3%. Finally, as a consequence of employing ASHPWH, the energy cost and GHG emission were reduced respectively by 22% and 21.7%. By investigating the system in four other Canadian cities, it appears that Vancouver and Edmonton would have the maximum and minimum energy savings respectively.

Residential Water Heating Dehumidifier (WHD) With Devoted Dehumidification

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron K. Ball ◽  
Chip W. Ferguson ◽  
Frank T. Miceli ◽  
Evelyn Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Residential Water

A new a dual-service dehumidifier water heater (WHD) appliance is being researched and developed by the authors. Prior research on a similar appliance, a heat pump water heater (HPWH), has demonstrated the unit’s increased performance and energy saving, and through collaboration, significant progress has been made toward developing the WHD into a potentially marketable product. The primary energy use in residential households is space conditioning (49%), and the second major energy use is hot water consumption. In DOE’s 2004 Buildings Data Book, 15.5 percent of residential energy utilization is consumed by water heating (DOE 2004, Table 1.2.3). The two major types of residential water heaters are direct gas fired (~55%) and electric resistance (~45%) (DOE 2004, Appliance Magazine 2005). The maximum efficiency of a standard electric resistance water heater is 1 (100%), and progress has been made to increase the efficiency of the current standard heaters to approximately 95 percent (DOE 2004, Table 5.10.6), which is roughly the maximum available with today’s technology. However, if the standard system is replaced by a Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH), the performance can be increased by 140 percent (Zogg and Murphy 2004). The WHD operates as a HPWH while heating water and as a dedicated dehumidifier when water heating is not necessary. This paper presents the general design and laboratory testing results of a WHD. Preliminary performance data reveal coefficient of performances (COP) of approximately 2.2 during water heating. Further, market analysis has revealed that a potential need for this new technology is in regions with high humidity (Ashdown et al. 2004). These regions are primarily in the Northeast, Southeast and some coastal areas of the U.S. Current HPWH units do not have dedicated dehumidification and have a very small share of the residential water heat market. Of the 9.55 million residential water heaters sold in 2003 only about 2,000 of them were HPWHs (DOE 2004, Table 5.10.15).

scholarly journals Experimental Study of a Novel Direct-Expansion Variable Frequency Finned Solar/Air-Assisted Heat Pump Water Heater

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Qin ◽  
Jie Ji ◽  
Wenzhu Huang ◽  
Hong Qin ◽  
Mawufemo Modjinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

A novel direct expansion variable frequency finned solar/air-assisted heat pump water heater was fabricated and tested in the enthalpy difference lab with a solar simulator. A solar/air source evaporator-collector with an automatic lifting glass cover plate was installed on the system. The system could be operated in three modes, namely, air, solar, and dual modes. The effects of the ambient temperature, solar irradiation, compressor frequency, and operating mode on the performance of this system were studied in this paper. The experimental results show that the ambient temperature, solar irradiation, and operating mode almost have no effect on the energy consumption of the compressor. When the ambient temperature and the solar irradiation were increased, the COP was found to increase with decreasing heating time. Also, when the compressor frequency was increased, an increase in the energy consumption of the compressor and the heat gain of the evaporator were noted with a decrease in the heating time.

An Experimental Research on a Phase Change Heat-Storage-Type Heat Pump Water Heater

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3413-3416
Author(s):  
De Feng Ding ◽  
Jian Hong Chai ◽  
Li Feng Wang ◽  
Wu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Experimental Rig ◽  
Storage Type

An advanced experimental rig for heat pump water heaters was established. The performances of both a phase change heat-storage-type heat pump water heater (Type A) and a conventional heat pump water heater (Type B) were tested and compared according to GB/T 23137-2008 using the experimental rig. The results showed that the existence of phase transition temperature platform enabled the phase change heat-storage-type heat pump heater run longer and more steadily. When the same hot water heat capacity obtained, the volume of the accumulator in the Type A water heater accounted for about 56.9% of that of the water tank in the Type B water heater, which could save the overall size of water heater significantly and therefore promote the wide application of energy-saving heat pump water heaters.

The Logical Choice of Auxiliary Heat Source for Solar Energy Water Heating System

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Xue Lai Liu ◽  
Guan Zhu Wang ◽  
Yong An Li ◽  
Xiao Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater

This article describes the solar hot water system, and establishes the computational model of hot water system. It analyzes the economical efficiency of solar water heaters which equipped with electric water heaters, gas water heaters and air-source heat pump water heaters. The results show that the initial investment of the system which equipped with an electric water heater and a gas water heater is almost, but the operating cost which equipped with a gas water heater system is lower. The operating cost which equipped with an air-source heat pump water heater is the lowest, though the initial investment is the highest. The solar hot water system which equipped with an air-source heat pump water heater has important reference value for going low-carbon economy road in China.

scholarly journals The Viability of Capacity Control of High Temperature Heat Pump Water Heaters Operating Non-Azeotropic Mixtures

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Liebenberg ◽  
Josua P. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Capacity Control ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
Controlled Systems

A high temperature electrically-operated heat pump water heater is evaluated in terms of the viability of employing capacity control using non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures (NARMs). The system coefficient of performance (COP) is improved by introducing capacity control, which offers continuous modulation by varying heat pump capacity to match the load. This is accomplished by using a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture (NARM) and changing the composition (x) of the circulating mixture. The NARM R-22/ R-142b is selected due to the requirement for a high condensing temperature and a wide capacity range. The life-cycle cost effectiveness of this heat pump is compared with that of a conventional heat pump (operating a pure fluid). Computer simulations show that the capacity-controlled heat pump, operating between compositions of 100% R-22 and 70% R-22, shows a 29.6% improvement in energy conversion when compared with a conventional R-22 heat pump water heater. The payback periods of the capacity-controlled systems, are strongly dependent on electricity tariff, additional system cost, and period and duration of heat pump operation.

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