Comparative Energy Cost Analysis of Hybrid System and Diesel Generator in Powering Selected Base Transceiver Stations in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ozaveshe Oviroh ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen ◽  
Nosa Idusuyi ◽  
Olushola Gbadeyan
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
The Cost

The rapid increase in global communication infrastructure in developing countries has drawn significant attention to the telecom sector. However, the dismal performance of the power sector in some countries like Nigeria poses a great challenge to the telecom industry which requires a reliable, efficient and environmentally friendly energy supply. Unstable electric grids, an erratic power supply, non-availability of trained and skilled personnel, and a prohibitive cost of site maintenance cumulatively have increased the need to harness abundant renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind. A comparative study of the viability of solar-diesel hybrid against diesel-only generator systems in powering a base station using the cost of kilowatt hour (kWh) self-generated electricity and levelised cost of energy (LCOE) was undertaken using data from some sites located in the Southwest (SW) and the Northeast (NE) regions of Nigeria. Homer Pro Software was used in data analysis. The results obtained showed that with a hybrid energy system (solar and diesel generator), there were 79% savings in fuel consumption, 83.2% savings in operation and maintenance cost for the hybrid energy system in the SW. The savings on fueling as a result of the use of hybrid systems was 86%, and the carbon footprint reduction was 76%. Furthermore, the cost of operation was reduced by 51% for Northeast. The LCOE for the solar hybrid system was determined to be $1.44 for NE1A and NE1B while that of NE2A was $1.46 and NE2B $1.47.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of hybrid energy system for off-grid electrification in rural areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Saadoon Abdul Hafedh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Hybrid energy systems is an energy system which employs the combination of various renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and hydrogen fuel) with conventional energy sources to supply electricity. These systems have become reliable and most cost-effective as compare to single-source energy system for rural electrification. The objective of the present study is to address the demand for electrification of remote rural village in eastern Iraq. The methodology is carried out for optimization of hybrid energy system comprising (Photovoltaic, battery, diesel generator) by using HOMER to minimize the cost of energy and the greenhouse gas emissions. For different configuration of energy sources, the capital cost, net present cost and cost of energy is determined for the optimized hybrid energy system on the basis of the electric consumption demand for the selected site. The simulation results show that the most techno-economic analysis for hybrid energy system can feed the  rural village in eastern Iraq to meet a daily load of 30 kW has consisted of 6 kW photovoltaic array, 7 kW power inverter, 20 units of battery (305 Ah and 6V) and 35 kW wind turbines. The optimized energy system has a cost of energy about $ 0.117/kWh and total net present cost  by about $14800. The environmental assessment of the hybrid system shows that the greenhouse gases emissions will reduce about 25ton CO2/year (16968 kg/year) in the local atmosphere.

scholarly journals A Fuzzy Based Improved Control Strategy of Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Low Voltage and High Voltage Ride Through Compensation for Variable Speed Hybrid Energy 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthra R ◽  
Suchitra D
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Dynamic Voltage Restorer ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Voltage Restorer ◽  
Dynamic Voltage

Abstract In present-day power generation systems, the integration of many renewable energy sources creating more sustainable hybrid energy network can be witnessed. The Hybrid energy system regulates the escalation in the cost of the energy that are linked with currently established energy resources. One such predominantly used Hybrid energy system happens to be Wind / Photo Voltaic (PV) integrated system which is a viable alternative to meet the rising energy demands.Fault Ride Through (FRT) is one of the cardinal essentialities that is perceived as an indispensable grid code because the effect of faults may propagate to a larger geographical area if FRT is not achieved. In a Hybrid system the ability of the generator to remain connected at the time of short electric fault like voltage dip is identified as Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) and voltage swell is known as High Voltage Ride Through (HVRT). When fault occurs at the point of the grid, LVRT or HVRT depending on the fault has to be determined and a pertinent compensation should be carried out. This paper proposes a compensation technique based on Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) employing fuzzy controller for LVRT and HVRT in hybrid systems. The disparityin the voltage at PCC is traced and is used to inject the necessary deficit voltage in case of sag or suppress the excessive voltage in case of swell in the hybrid system by means of DVR. This compensation in turn enables the parameters like DC link and stator voltage to stay within the admissible limits in the event of fault at the point of grid.

Model Predictive Control of Wind-Photovoltaic Hybrid System Connected to Grid

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Houda Abidi ◽  
Abdelkader Mami
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Reference Tracking ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Cost

<span>This work focuses on Model based Predictive Control (MPC) for photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy system connected to electrical grid. Several benefits  are offered by this method  such as robustness against a  parameter variations, minimum output current distortion and excellent reference tracking. In order to minimize the cost function or the error between the  predicted values and their references, MPC-based algorithm permit to select and apply the  optimal voltage vector. Simulation results under Psim environment show a fast dynamic behavior of hybrid system with minimal errors, accuracy and usefulness of the considered control approach.</span>

Optimization and evaluation of a wind, solar and fuel cell hybrid system in supplying electricity to a remote district in national grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-418
Author(s):  
Reza Alayi ◽  
Alibakhsh Kasaeian ◽  
Atabak Najafi ◽  
Eskandar Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Current Load ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Hybrid Optimization Model

Purpose The important factors, which should be considered in the design of a hybrid system of photovoltaic and wind energy are discussed in this study. The current load demand for electricity, as well as the load profile of solar radiation and wind power of the specified region chosen in Iran, is the basis of design and optimization in this study. Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically. Design/methodology/approach HOMER software was used to simulate and optimize hybrid energy system technically and economically. Findings The maximum radiation intensity for the study area is 7.95 kwh/m2/day for July and the maximum wind speed for the study area is 11.02 m/s for January. Originality/value This research is the result of the original studies.

scholarly journals ENHANCING WIND/FUEL CELL HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
PAVAN R. PADGHAN ◽  
P.K. KATTI
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Cell Hybrid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Sustained Load ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell Hybrid

This paper describe of a renewable energy based hybrid energy system with MATLAB implementation results. In order to meet sustained load demand during varying natural conditions, different renewable energy sources need to be integrated with each other. This paper focuses on the combination of wind/fuel cell hybrid energy system. As wind turbine output power varies with wind speed & FC systems can be integrated to ensure that the system performs under all conditions. The result show that the proposed hybrid energy system can be tolerate the rapid change in natural condition and suppress the effect of the fluctuation on the voltage wind turbine the acceptable range.

Economic and environmental bi-objective design of an off-grid photovoltaic–battery–diesel generator hybrid energy system

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 1024-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bortolini ◽  
Mauro Gamberi ◽  
Alessandro Graziani ◽  
Francesco Pilati
Keyword(s):  
Energy System ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy
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