Cyclic Deformability of Steel Pipes With Local Metal Loss and Repaired Pipes

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Miwa ◽  
Noritake Oguchi ◽  
Yutaka Okajima ◽  
Takayuki Kurobe
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Cyclic deformability of steel pipes with local metal loss was studied. Full-scale tests were conducted using X42 and X52 pipes with diameters of 762.0 to 609.6mm. Each test pipe specimen contained an artificial metal loss of rectangular shape and uniform depth on the external surface, and inner pressure and cyclic axial strains were applied with constant amplitudes up to 7 cycles. Buckling deformation was observed in the metal loss region during compressive loading, and it induced a load reduction. The experimental results were analyzed by cyclic elastoplastic FE analysis. The effectiveness of the FE analysis was validated and parametric studies were performed. Buckling was strongly affected by the dimensions of the defect. Through these experiments and FE analyses, we suggested fitness-for-service criteria for buried pipes with external metal loss, taking into account large ground movement during strong earthquakes. Similarly, we examined the aseismic performance of three repair methods for the metal loss region—patch-welding, full-encirclement hot sleeve and weld deposition—through full-scale tests using X42 and X52 pipes with a 609.6mm diameter. We found that patch-welding and weld deposition performed sufficiently well, while the sleeve on the pipe induced buckling near the circumferential fillet weld due to constraint in the radial direction.

Effects of Local Metal Loss on Deformability of Line Pipes Subjected to Compressive Load

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroshi Yatabe ◽  
Naoto Hagiwara ◽  
Noritake Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, the deformability of line pipe with local metal loss was examined. A full-scale experiment and a finite element (FE) analysis were carried out for line pipe with local metal loss subjected to an axial compressive load. As a result, a good agreement was obtained between the analytical and experimental results. This indicated that the present analytical method was applicable to evaluate the deformability of line pipes with local metal loss subjected to a large ground movement. Parametric studies were then conducted to clarify the relationship between the geometry of the local metal loss and the deformability using the FE analytical method.

Effects of Local Metal Loss on Deformability of Line Pipes Subjected to Compressive Load

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Hashimoto ◽  
Naoto Hagiwara ◽  
Hiroshi Yatabe ◽  
Noritake Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, the deformability of line pipe with local metal loss was examined. A full-scale experiment and a finite element (FE) analysis were carried out for line pipe with local metal loss subjected to an axial compressive load. As a result, a good agreement was obtained between the analytical and experimental results. This indicated that the present analytical method was applicable to evaluate the deformability of line pipes with local metal loss subjected to a large ground movement. Parametric studies were then conducted to clarify the relationship between the geometry of the local metal loss and the deformability using the FE analytical method.

Full-Scale Laboratory Testing to Assess Methods for Reduction of Soil Loads on Buried Pipes Subject to Transverse Ground Movement

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Karimian ◽  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Doug Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Inclined Surface ◽  
Trench Slope ◽  
Stiff Soil

A series of full-scale tests were undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the use of geosynthetic materials to reduce lateral soil loads on buried pipelines subjected to transverse ground movements. The testing program consisted of measuring lateral soil loads on steel pipes buried in trenches simulating different native soil and backfill material configurations. The effectiveness of lining the inclined surface of the trench (i.e. “trench slope”) with two layers of geotextile as a method of soil load reduction depends on the formation of good slippage at the geotextile interface. Pipes buried in relatively soft native soil can penetrate into the native soil during lateral displacement, thus causing the geotextile-lining to be ineffective as a reducer of lateral soil loads. Although there is more opportunity for slippage at the geotextile interface when the trench is in relatively stiff soil, the soil loads on the pipe seem to still increase when the pipe moves in close proximity to the trench slope; this effect is likely due to the increased normal pressures on the pipe arising as a result of the presence of the stiff trench in the vicinity of the pipe.

Continuing Development of Metal-Loss Severity Criteria, Including Width Effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian N. Leis
Keyword(s):  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Planar Shape ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Full Scale Tests

Abstract The emergence in the early 1970s of what about a decade later became the first release of ASME B31G began the development and evolution of criteria to assess the severity of metal-loss defects. Motivated by the desire to reduce the conservatism embedded in B31G, the late 1980s saw the release of Modified B31G, with that same report also introducing RSTRENG, which quantified “riverbottom” effects. The desire to avoid excessive conservatism in their application to higher-strength Grades gave rise to alternative criteria for such applications. PCORRC appeared in 1997, with early versions of DNV RP-F101 and British Gas’ LPC-1 criteria following shortly thereafter. It has since become evident for isolated smooth-bottomed features that in addition to feature length and depth, its width can be a factor, as can its planar shape, and through-thickness profile. This paper builds on insight gained from the prior work, presenting and validating a Level 1 failure criteria for isolated metal-loss features. The defect-free term for this Level 1 criterion relies on the Zhu-Leis criterion for defect-free pipe failure. That criterion is coupled to a recalibrated defect term analogous to PCORRC, whose extension to include the effects of width is considered. The resulting Level 1 criterion is validated in reference to full-scale tests of pipe with metal-loss, which include a mix of real corrosion and flat-bottomed machined features. These tests consider Grades from Gr B to X100, a wide range of diameters and thicknesses, and in many cases the effect of width. Finite element results are used to illustrate the role of width. Benchmarked against almost 80 full-scale tests it is shown that this new approach affects a reduction in conservatism. At the same time, it provides clear benefits in regard to reduced predictive scatter, as well as a reduction in required maintenance, and the scope of features that must be considered in field-digs.

Assessment of Dents Under High Longitudinal Strain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Brent Ayton ◽  
Mark Stephens ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Pipeline construction activities and in-service interference events can frequently result in dents on the pipe. The pipelines can also experience high longitudinal strain in areas of ground movement and seismic activity. Current assessment procedures for dents were developed and validated under the assumption that the predominant loading is internal pressure and that the level of longitudinal strain is low. The behavior of dents under high longitudinal strain is not known. This paper discusses work funded by US DOT PHMSA on the assessment of dents under high longitudinal strain. Parametric numerical analyses were conducted to identify and examine key parameters and mechanisms controlling the compressive strain capacity (CSC) of pipes with dents. Selected full-scale tests were also conducted to experimentally examine the impact of dents on CSC. The focus of this work was on CSC because tensile strain capacity is known not to be significantly affected by the presence of dents. Through the parametric analyses and full-scale validation tests, guidelines on the CSC assessment of dented pipes under high longitudinal strain were developed.

Evaluation of the Suitability of X100 Steel Pipes for High Pressure Gas Transportation Pipelines by Full Scale Tests

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Demofonti ◽  
G. Mannucci ◽  
H. G. Hillenbrand ◽  
D. Harris
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Defect Tolerance ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Cold Bending ◽  
Full Scale Tests

In order to increase the knowledge necessary for the utilisation of grade X100 steel pipes, and to consolidate preliminary indications regarding the safe level of toughness required to control the ductile fracture propagation event within X100 gas pipeline, an ECSC-Demonstration Project, (DemoPipe), partially sponsored by EPRG, has been performed (2001–2004) using TMCP X100 pipes with a diameter of 36”. The project examines the problems of building a new high grade steel on-shore gas pipeline, with special emphasis given to the issues of the field welding technologies and selection of consumables, girth weld defect tolerance, field cold bending, and the fracture propagation behaviour in a high-pressure natural gas pipeline. In order to achieve these stated aims, a dedicated programme of laboratory and full scale tests was included in the project. This paper presents a summary of some of the results obtained, together with a discussion regarding their applicability to future X100 pipelines.

Ultra Heavy Wall Linepipe X65: Severe In-Service Straining of Lined Pipes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Di Vito ◽  
Jan Ferino ◽  
Stefano Amato ◽  
Gianluca Mannucci ◽  
Stefano Crippa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Element Study

Tenaris and Centro Sviluppo Materiali (CSM) carried out a Joint Industrial Project aimed at developing heavy wall line pipes. The suitability for very severe applications, involving high service pressures and temperatures, the latter causing large strain fluctuations, in presence of an aggressive sour environment, is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, including small and full pipe models and tests. Five papers have been already presented on this project, in previous OMAE conferences. The present paper focusses on Lined Heavy Wall Pipes for the adoption in presence of extremely aggressive conveyed fluids. As in-service large strains are involved in the JIP envisaged scenarios, the risk of liner buckling is necessarily concerned. To evaluate the suitability of lined heavy pipes in presence of in-service severe straining, a finite element study has been performed aimed at quantifying the limits for pipe deformability without occurrence of liner buckling. Two full scale tests on lined pipe strings have been also performed, imposing the very severe straining sequence previously determined as extreme for pipeline resistance. The sequence has been applied both in pure axial (tensile / compressive) loading and in bending conditions. The latter has been performed in very low internal pressure conditions to conservatively verify the resistance to liner buckling. In both cases, the lined heavy wall pipe resisted the severe straining sequence without any liner buckling, pipe excessive ratcheting or any other damage compromising the serviceability of the pipe.

Burst Pressure of Wrinkles Under High Longitudinal Strain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honggang Zhou ◽  
Yong-Yi Wang ◽  
Steve Nanney
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Biaxial Loading ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Strains

Wrinkles may form in pipelines experiencing high longitudinal strains in areas of ground movement and seismic activities. Current assessment procedures for wrinkles were developed and validated under the assumption that the predominant loading was internal pressure and that the level of longitudinal strain was low. The impact of wrinkles on the burst pressure of pipes under high longitudinal strain is not known. This paper describes work funded by US DOT PHMSA on the assessment of burst pressure of wrinkled pipes under high longitudinal strain. Both numerical analyses and full-scale tests were conducted to examine the burst pressure of wrinkled pipes. The numerical analysis results were compared with the full-scale test data. The effect of wrinkles on burst pressure were discussed. The biaxial loading conditions in the pipe were found affect the burst pressure of wrinkled pipes.

Numerical/Experimental Analysis of an API 8-Round Connection

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Assanelli ◽  
Q. Xu ◽  
F. Benedetto ◽  
D. H. Johnson ◽  
E. N. Dvorkin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Full Scale Tests

The objective of the research reported in this paper is to investigate in depth the performance properties of the 5 1/2-in. 14-lb/ft J-55 API 8-round short thread casing connection under different load cases, via experimental tests and finite element analyses. The FEA models are validated by comparing the numerical results with full-scale tests. The validated models are afterwards used to perform parametric studies on the connection behavior.

Computational and experimental studies of the strength of full-scale samples of pipes with defects "metal loss" and "dent with groove"

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Neganov ◽  
◽  
Victor M. Varshitsky ◽  
Andrey A. Belkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Moment

The article contains the comparative results of the experimental and calculated research of the strength of a pipeline with such defects as “metal loss” and “dent with groove”. Two coils with diameter of 820 mm and the thickness of 9 mm of 19G steel were used for full-scale pipe sample production. One of the coils was intentionally damaged by machining, which resulted in “metal loss” defect, the other one was dented (by press machine) and got groove mark (by chisel). The testing of pipe samples was performed by applying static internal pressure to the moment of collapse. The calculation of deterioration pressure was carried out with the use of national and foreign methodical approaches. The calculated values of collapsing pressure for the pipe with loss of metal mainly coincided with the calculation experiment results based on Russian method and ASME B31G. In case of pipe with dent and groove the calculated value of collapsing pressure demonstrated greater coincidence with Russian method and to a lesser extent with API 579/ASME FFS-1. In whole, all calculation methods demonstrate sufficient stability of results, which provides reliable operation of pipelines with defects.

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