When Metals and Microbes Meet: Preventing Microbial Corrosion in Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Gieg ◽  
Mohita Sharma ◽  
Trevor Place ◽  
Jennifer Sargent ◽  
Yin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Microbial Corrosion ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Abstract Corrosion of carbon steel infrastructure in the oil and gas industry can occur via a variety of chemical, physical, and/or microbiological mechanisms. Although microbial corrosion is known to lead to infrastructure failure in many upstream and downstream operations, predicting when and how microorganisms attack metal surfaces remains a challenge. In crude oil transmission pipelines, a kind of aggressive corrosion known as under deposit corrosion (UDC) can occur, wherein mixtures of solids (sands, clays, inorganic minerals), water, oily hydrocarbons, and microorganisms form discreet, (bio)corrosive sludges on the metal surface. To prevent UDC, operators will use physical cleaning methods (e.g., pigging) combined with chemical treatments such as biocides, corrosion inhibitors, and/or biodispersants. As such, it necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments in preventing UDC by monitoring the sludge characteristics and the microorganisms that are potentially involved in the corrosion process. The efficacies of a biocide, corrosion inhibitor, and biodispersant being used to prevent microbial corrosion in a crude oil transmission pipeline were evaluated. A combination of various microbiological analyses and corrosivity tests were performed using sludge samples collected during pigging operations. The results indicated that the combined treatment using inhibitor, biocide 1 and biodispersant was the most effective in preventing metal damage, and both growth-based and Next-Generation Sequencing approaches provided value towards understanding the effects of the chemical treatments. The efficacy of a different biocide (#2) could be discriminated using these test methods. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of considering and monitoring for microbial corrosion of crucial metal infrastructure in the oil and gas industry, and the value of combining multiple lines of evidence to evaluate the performance of different chemical treatment scenarios.

Assessing Low-Constraint Fracture Toughness Test Methods Using Clamped SENT Specimens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Kui Zhu ◽  
Tom McGaughy
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Fracture Toughness Test ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Low Constraint

Abstract The low-constraint fracture toughness can be measured using a single edge-notched tension (SENT) specimen in the clamped-end conditions. The SENT specimen has been used in the oil and gas industry in the strain-based design and the crack assessment for transmission pipelines. Since 2006 when DNV published the first SENT test practice, many investigations have been done, and various SENT test methods were developed, including CANMET and ExxonMobil methods in terms of the J-integral and CTOD. The effort led to the first SENT test standard BS 8571 being published in 2014. However, the experimental evaluation methods remain in developing, and different methods may determine inconsistent results. For this reason, the present paper gives a brief review on SENT fracture testing and assesses the available test methods, including progresses on study of stress intensity factor, geometric eta factors, elastic compliance equation, and constraint m factor as well. The difference between J-converted CTOD and double clip gage measured CTOD is also discussed. On those bases, agreements and challenges in SENT testing are identified. The results provide a direction for further investigation to improve the current SENT test methods.

scholarly journals Proteomic study of Desulfovibrio ferrophilus IS5 reveals overexpressed extracellular multi-heme cytochrome associated with severe microbiologically influenced corrosion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohor Chatterjee ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Fang Cao ◽  
Aaron A. Jones ◽  
Giovanni Pilloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽  
Microbiological Corrosion ◽  
Microbial Corrosion ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Proteomic Study

AbstractMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is recognized as a considerable threat to carbon steel asset integrity in the oil and gas industry. There is an immediate need for reliable and broadly applicable methods for detection and monitoring of MIC. Proteins associated with microbial metabolisms involved in MIC could serve as useful biomarkers for MIC diagnosis and monitoring. A proteomic study was conducted using a lithotrophically-grown bacterium Desulfovibrio ferrophilus strain IS5, which is known to cause severe MIC in seawater environments. Unique proteins, which are differentially and uniquely expressed during severe microbial corrosion by strain IS5, were identified. This includes the detection of a multi-heme cytochrome protein possibly involved in extracellular electron transfer in the presence of the carbon steel. Thus, we conclude that this newly identified protein associated closely with severe MIC could be used to generate easy-to-implement immunoassays for reliable detection of microbiological corrosion in the field.

scholarly journals Utah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Burghardt ◽  
Gage Hart Zobell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Crude Oil Production

Oil and gas production continues to be an important sector of Utah’s economy. Following a 25% loss in production between 2014 and 2015, Utah’s production continues to slowly rebound. Crude oil production in 2019 appears to be slightly ahead of 2018 production. Monthly production averages slightly over three million barrels, placing Utah among the top ten states in crude oil production. Along with the continuing increase in production, the state’s legal framework governing oil and gas continues to develop. This Article examines recent changes in Utah statutes and regulations along with new case law developments involving the oil and gas industry. In particular, this Article discusses a recent federal bankruptcy decision involving midstream agreements, the revision to a Utah statute that now requires mandatory reporting of unclaimed mineral interests, and recent revisions to Utah’s oil and gas regulations.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF OIL AND PETROCHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Camila Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Oil And Gas Sector

The oil and gas industry remains for Russia the most important source of income, a strategic industry. According to official figures of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, income from the oil and gas sector, according to the results of 2019, is 40% of the total budget of the country. A large volume of crude oil and gas is exported from the country. The tax burden on raw materials reaches up to 60% of the initial cost, which makes oil production at new fields extremely unprofitable. The most important direction for the country is the transition from a strategy for the sale of crude oil products to refined ones, which have an additional cost. The article discusses the features of domestic oil production, analyzes the reasons for overpriced in comparison with competitive raw materials from other oil producing leader countries. The strategy of ensuring the economic security of the industry is noted, the main tools are listed and the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of petrochemical industry enterprises are presented.

scholarly journals KEY ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING FIXED ASSETS MANAGEMENT OF OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISES: ANALYSIS OF FEATURES, COMPOSITION AND VALUATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Sofia KAFKA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Key Issues

The article deals with the key issues concerning the system of security of fixed assets at the enterprises of the oil and gas industry. The purpose of the article is to investigate the fixed assets features and composition at the the enterprises of oil and gas industry, to determine the approaches to their assessment at the stage of their receipt by the enterprise. The state, dynamics of value and the degree of depreciation of fixed assets in Ukraine for the year 2017 have been analyzed, their features have been distinguished at the enterprises of different branches of the economy. To ensure the effective operation of the enterprises of the oil and gas industry, significant assets are required, and the results of their activities to a large extent depend on the availability and condition of fixed assets that ensure economic sustainability of economic entities. Oil and gas companies include pipelines and related equipment in fixed assets, oil and gas assets, machinery and equipment, buildings, buffer gas, drilling and reconnaissance equipment and other fixed assets. Among the assets of NJSC "NAFTOGAZ OF UKRAINE" for the year 2017, non-current assets occupied 86% of the total assets of the company, of which 94% were fixed assets, what determines the reliability of their accounting as an important element of effective management of enterprises. The dynamics of value and composition of fixed assets of enterprises of the oil and gas industry of Ukraine for 2016-2017 have been determined according to separate economic segments. The cost of fixed assets of NJSC "NAFTOGAZ OF UKRAINE" as of December 31, 2017 amounted to UAH 491 482 million, respectively, according to economic segments, it is structured in such a way that their largest share is concentrated in the system of transportation and distribution of natural gas - almost 48%, for storage of natural gas - 34%, production and sale of natural gas - 12%, and the rest belongs to the economic activities related to oil: the production of crude oil and gas condensate, transportation of crude oil. The composition of fixed assets of extractive enterprises differs from their composition in refineries. Industrial features of mining industry with significant volumes of work related to the disclosure of layers of minerals are characteristic to chemical production with a significant cost of equipment. The main approaches to the evaluation of fixed assets objects at the stage of their entrance to the enterprise have been investigated. The reliability of the accounting information on fixed assets depends on their assessment. When they are received, they are valued at their original cost, that is, by the amount of cash paid or their equivalents or fair value, another form of indemnity granted to obtain the asset at the time of its acquisition or creation, or, if accepted, the amount that is distributed to that asset in the original recognized in accordance with the specific requirements of other IFRSs. After recognition, the entity should choose either a cost model or a revaluation model in its accounting policies and should apply this policy to the entire group of fixed assets. A cessation of recognition occurs after the release of an object or when it does not expect future economic benefits from its use or disposal. In this case, it is recognized as profit or loss.

scholarly journals Health Impact of Occupational Exposure to Noise – A Mixed Method Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Kennedy A. Osakwe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Crude Oil Production ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: Globally, activities in the oil and gas industry are accomplished with the aid of machinery with the potentials to generate high noise levels above 85 dB(A). A visit to a typical crude oil production facility in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) revealed noise-producing machinery such as generators, compressors, pumps, fluid, and gas flow, to mention but a few. This study assessed the health risks of exposure to noise in an offshore crude oil installation in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil Transfer by Trucking Services with Agent Based Modelling

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1423-1428
Author(s):  
Nurma Amelia ◽  
Ferliadi F ◽  
Avid Christa ◽  
Fergyanto E Gunawan ◽  
Muhammad Asrol
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling

Transportation and distributions network hold an important role to maintain business stability in oil and gas industry. In this work, the simulation modelling to optimize the transportation is proposed for the oil and gas company. An agent-based modelling is developed to find the optimal solutions. Two route alternatives of the transportation were found as the constraint of the model. The result showed that the simulations model enabled to find the number of the truck to operate as the optimal transportation solution. The simulation model demonstrated that the route 2 provided the optimal solution in minimizing transportation cost and maximized the number of distributed crude oil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document