Comparison of Acid Gas Control Technologies in EFW Facilities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Kedrowski ◽  
Donald Hug ◽  
Reudi Frey ◽  
Adrian Kaspar
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
Gas Control ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Control Technologies

As Energy-from-Waste (EfW) facilities make the leap into the twenty-first (21st) century, so does the demand for cost efficient air pollution control technology. In an effort to meet this rising demand, companies have to develop concepts that remove acid gases in an efficient, sustainable, and reliable way. The current market trend to provide the best available control technology (BACT) leads people searching for technologies that are: • Proven and have extensive records of success. • Highly efficient, resulting in low emission to the atmosphere, but requiring minimal investment. • Compact in design, simple, and low maintenance. • Offering high availability, low reagent consumption, and low residue levels. • Resulting in either clean or suppressed liquid effluents. This paper will specifically discuss the three main types of acid gas control technologies available in today’s marketplace, which include dry, semi-dry, and wet scrubbers. It will first focus on the acid gas control technology most commonly used in the US, the spray dryer absorber, followed by a typical Ring Jet® wet scrubber with packed bed, and finally, the Turbosorp® system. For each of the above technologies, this paper will present the concepts, advantages and disadvantages, achievable emissions, and capital and operating costs. It will then look at how each of these technologies is utilized at existing EfW facilities operating throughout the world and provide information on how each facility has been operating. Lastly, it will look towards the future of acid gas control technologies and provide insight into what advances are being made to meet the most stringent air emission regulation all over the world.

scholarly journals Review of Control Strategies for DC Nano-Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fan ◽  
Weinan Yu ◽  
Shiwei Xia
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Control Technologies

As an emerging energy management technology, the DC nano-grid coordinates renewable energy sources output through demand-side management which would provide more options and flexibility for the dispatch of smart buildings and communities with high reliability and efficiency. In this context, this article has analyzed the structure and components of the DC nano-grid. The role and components in DC nano-grid are reviewed in this article. Then the crucial control technologies for the DC nano-grid in recent years are investigated from two aspects: local control and coordinated control, which contains control schemes such as voltage/current control technology, power-sharing technology and cooperative control technology. Different control strategies at various levels are compared and their application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages are also analyzed. The current research progress and challenges are summarized at the end of this article.

Genotypic Methods for HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring: The Opportunities and Challenges Faced by China

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Zuo ◽  
Ke Peng ◽  
Yihong Hu ◽  
Qinggang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Project ◽  
Hiv 1

AIDS is a globalized infectious disease. In 2014, UNAIDS launched a global project of “90-90-90” to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. The second and third 90 require 90% of HIV-1 infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and durable virological suppression. However, wide use of ART will greatly increase the emergence and spreading of HIV drug resistance and current HIV drug resistance test (DRT) assays in China are seriously lagging behind, hindering to achieve virological suppression. Therefore, recommending an appropriate HIV DRT method is critical for HIV routine surveillance and prevention in China. In this review, we summarized the current existing HIV drug resistance genotypic testing methods around the world and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis ◽  
Andrés López-Cortés ◽  
Eduardo Vásconez González ◽  
Alejandra Barreto Grimaldos ◽  
Esteban Ortiz Prado
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

AbstractThe new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. The newly sequenced virus appears to originate in China and rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing an effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, there more than 64 vaccine candidates, most of them aiming to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein (S). These antibodies will prevent uptake through the human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different vaccine platforms are being used for vaccine development, each one presenting several advantages and disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen vaccine candidates are being tested in Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it is closer to receiving approval or authorization for large-scale immunizations.

Air purifier devices based on adsorbents produced from valorization of different environmental hazardous materials for ammonia gas control

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 57284-57292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham F. Mohamed ◽  
Sohair A. Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Nasser M. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Asmaa EL-Mekawy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Gas Control

The present study aimed to find a beneficial solution for waste recycling and disposal by converting it from an environmental load to products useful for air pollution control.

Ethnic Accommodation in a Historical Case

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Holden
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

I. The Political Meaning of Ethnic ConflictIf politics “in its broadest sense” is conceived as the “distribution of advantages and disadvantages among people” (Froman, p. 3), then the ultimate penalty is subordination (total exclusion from advantages) and the ultimate reward is dominance (total monopoly of advantages). The effort to change the balance of advantages and disadvantages between groups is the nexus of political conflict. In such conflict, ethnicity is a particularly important variable, precisely because it is one criterion found throughout the world by which groups are regularly assigned superior and inferior places.

scholarly journals International Financial Reporting Standards and Orientation of Vietnam: “Roadmap & International Experience”

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thuy Van ◽  
Vu Thi Kim Anh ◽  
Nguyen Dang Huy
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

Currently, the Ministry of Finance is implementing Decision 480/QD-TTG dated 03/18/2013 of The Prime Minister on approving the Strategy Accounting - Audit 2020, Vision 2030 and implementing the Resolution 35/NQ-CP of the Government dated 16.05.2016 related to the support and development of enterprises by 2020. Accordingly, the development and improvement the legal framework of Financial Reporting standards in Vietnam is one of the key tasks and urgent needs to be developed to meet the requirements of the economy in the period of integration. The system of International Accounting Standards, including the International Accounting Standards (IAS) and the standards of international financial reporting (IFRS) was issued, adjusted, updated and replaced by The International Accounting Standards Board. International Accounting Standards is an important condition to ensure that companies and organizations around the world can apply uniform accounting principles in the work of preparing and presenting financial statements. Currently, many countries around the world such as USA, Japan and European countries, Asia Pacific are approaching IFRS convergence trend. In the trend of globalization of accounting, Vietnam will not be outside the process of integration with the system of International Financial Reporting Standards. This article will review the process of formation and development of IFRS, the IFRS trends and the advantages and disadvantages of applying IFRS in Vietnam. 

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