Alkaline Electrolysis at Sea for Green Hydrogen Production: A Solution to Electrolyte Deterioration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael d’Amore-Domenech ◽  
Emilio Navarro ◽  
Eleuterio Mora ◽  
Teresa J. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Logistic Problem ◽  
Combined Solution ◽  
Electrolysis Method ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis

This article illustrates a novel method to produce hydrogen at sea with no carbon footprint, based on alkaline electrolysis, which is the cheapest electrolysis method for in-land hydrogen production, coupled to offshore renewable farms. The novelty of the method presented in this work is the solution to cope with the logistic problem of periodical renewal of the alkaline electrolyte, considered problematic in an offshore context. Such solution consists in the integration of a small chlor-alkali plant to produce new electrolyte in situ. This article describes a proposal to combine alkaline water electrolysis and chlor-alkali processes, first considering both in a separate manner, and then describing and discussing the combined solution, which seeks high efficiency and sustainability.

scholarly journals Multiphysical Models for Hydrogen Production Using NaOH and Stainless Steel Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolysis Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ivan Newen Aquigeh ◽  
Merlin Zacharie Ayissi ◽  
Dieudonné Bitondo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Interelectrode Gap ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis

The cell voltage in alkaline water electrolysis cells remains high despite the fact that water electrolysis is a cleaner and simpler method of hydrogen production. A multiphysical model for the cell voltage of a single cell electrolyzer was realized based on a combination of current-voltage models, simulation of electrolyzers in intermittent operation (SIMELINT), existing experimental data, and data from the experiment conducted in the course of this work. The equipment used NaOH as supporting electrolyte and stainless steel as electrodes. Different electrolyte concentrations, interelectrode gaps, and electrolyte types were applied and the cell voltages recorded. Concentrations of 60 wt% NaOH produced lowest range of cell voltage (1.15–2.67 V); an interelectrode gap of 0.5 cm also presented the lowest cell voltage (1.14–2.71 V). The distilled water from air conditioning led to a minimum cell voltage (1.18–2.78 V). The water from a factory presented the highest flow rate (12.48 × 10−1cm3/min). It was found that the cell voltage of the alkaline electrolyzer was reduced considerably by reducing the interelectrode gap to 0.5 cm and using electrolytes that produce less bubbles. A maximum error of 1.5% was found between the mathematical model and experimental model, indicating that the model is reliable.

scholarly journals Development of an operation strategy for hydrogen production using solar PV energy based on fluid dynamic aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Amores ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez ◽  
José Oviedo ◽  
Antonio de Lucas-Consuegra
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources is one of the most promising strategies for environmentally friendly hydrogen production. However, wind and solar energy sources are highly dependent on weather conditions. As a result, power fluctuations affect the electrolyzer and cause several negative effects. Considering these limiting effects which reduce the water electrolysis efficiency, a novel operation strategy is proposed in this study. It is based on pumping the electrolyte according to the current density supplied by a solar PV module, in order to achieve the suitable fluid dynamics conditions in an electrolysis cell. To this aim, a mathematical model including the influence of electrode-membrane distance, temperature and electrolyte flow rate has been developed and used as optimization tool. The obtained results confirm the convenience of the selected strategy, especially when the electrolyzer is powered by renewable energies.

Modeling and Optimization of an Alkaline Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Stewart ◽  
Laurianne Lair ◽  
Brenda De La Torre ◽  
Nguyen L. Phan ◽  
Rupak Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Modeling And Optimization

Graphite Electrodes for Hydrogen Production by Acid Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Oliveira Marilei de Fátima ◽  
Mazur Viviane Teleginski ◽  
Virtuozo Fernanda ◽  
Junior Valter Anzolin de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, humanity has become aware of the consequences that the use of fossil fuels entails, and the latest developments in the energy sector are leading to a diversification of energy resources. In this context, researching on alternative forms of producing electric energy is being conducted. At the transportation level, a possible solution for this matter may lie in hydrogen fuel cells. The electrolysis of water is one of the possible processes for hydrogen production, but the reaction to break the water molecule requires a great amount of energy and this is precisely the biggest issue involving this process. In this work, low cost electrodes of 254 stainless steel and electrolytic graphite were used for hydrogen production, allowing high efficiency and reduced oxidation during the process. The selection of these materials allows to obtain a high corrosion resistance electrolytic pair, by replacing the high cost platinum electrode usually employed in the alkaline electrolysis process. The formic acid of biomass origin was used as an electrolyte. It was observed that the developed reactor have no energy losses through heat and it was possible to obtain approximately 82% conversion efficiency in the gas production process.

scholarly journals Aging of Polyphenylene Sulfide-Glass Composite and Polysulfone in Highly Oxidative and Strong Alkaline Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. X. Zheng ◽  
A. J. Böttger ◽  
K. M. B. Jansen ◽  
J. van Turnhout ◽  
J. van Kranendonk
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Polyphenylene Sulfide ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Environments ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis

Alkaline water electrolysis becomes increasingly important for the supply of renewable energy, and of raw material for the chemical industry. An attractive choice for the encapsulation of the electrolyte cell is an (advanced) engineering polymer. The objective of this paper is to find a suitable one that can withstand for many years: 30 wt% KOH solution and pure oxygen at a high pressure of 50 bar and at an elevated temperature of 90°C. Using CES EduPack, 12 possible thermoplastic polymers were selected, of which polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polysulfone (PSU) were further investigated using accelerated testing. The polymers have been exposed to three KOH concentrations (15, 30 and 45 wt%), two oxygen pressures (pure O2 at 5 bar and air with pO2 = 20%), and three temperatures (90°C, 120°C, and 170°C). Extensive characterization of the exposed samples has been carried out using various techniques, including weight, tensile, DMA, and creep-recovery measurements, as well as DSC, FTIR, XRD and SEM. After 12 weeks of aging, glass fiber reinforced PPS failed in a strong alkaline solution at high temperatures, due to the dissolution of the glass fibers. The PPS matrix itself and PSU turned out to be resistant to thermo-oxidative and chemical degradation under the conditions tested. Only marginal changes in mechanical, visco-elastic and thermal behavior were observed, which can be ascribed to physical rather than chemical aging. In view of the brittle nature of PPS, it could be concluded that PSU is the most promising candidate for the long-term application in alkaline electrolysis. Extrapolating the data using time-temperature superposition, it is predicted that PSU will retain its integrity and mechanical properties for a period of 20 years of operation.

scholarly journals Synthesis of titanium (IV) oxide composite membrane for hydrogen production through alkaline water electrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shiva Kumar ◽  
S.U.B. Ramakrishna ◽  
S. Vijaya Krishna ◽  
K. Srilatha ◽  
B. Rama Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Oxide Composite
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