scholarly journals Development of an operation strategy for hydrogen production using solar PV energy based on fluid dynamic aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Amores ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez ◽  
José Oviedo ◽  
Antonio de Lucas-Consuegra
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis

AbstractAlkaline water electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources is one of the most promising strategies for environmentally friendly hydrogen production. However, wind and solar energy sources are highly dependent on weather conditions. As a result, power fluctuations affect the electrolyzer and cause several negative effects. Considering these limiting effects which reduce the water electrolysis efficiency, a novel operation strategy is proposed in this study. It is based on pumping the electrolyte according to the current density supplied by a solar PV module, in order to achieve the suitable fluid dynamics conditions in an electrolysis cell. To this aim, a mathematical model including the influence of electrode-membrane distance, temperature and electrolyte flow rate has been developed and used as optimization tool. The obtained results confirm the convenience of the selected strategy, especially when the electrolyzer is powered by renewable energies.

scholarly journals CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of an Alkaline Water Electrolysis Cell for Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto Amores
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water

Although alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) is the most widespread technology for hydrogen production by electrolysis, its electrochemical and fluid dynamic optimization has rarely been addressed simultaneously using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In this regard, a two-dimensional (2D) CFD model of an AWE cell has been developed using COMSOL® software and then experimentally validated. The model involves transport equations for both liquid and gas phases as well as equations for the electric current conservation. This multiphysics approach allows the model to simultaneously analyze the fluid dynamic and electrochemical phenomena involved in an electrolysis cell. The electrical response was evaluated in terms of polarization curve (voltage vs. current density) at different operating conditions: temperature, electrolyte conductivity, and electrode-diaphragm distance. For all cases, the model fits very well with the experimental data with an error of less than 1% for the polarization curves. Moreover, the model successfully simulates the changes on gas profiles along the cell, according to current density, electrolyte flow rate, and electrode-diaphragm distance. The combination of electrochemical and fluid dynamics studies provides comprehensive information and makes the model a promising tool for electrolysis cell design.

scholarly journals Review of Anodic Catalysts for SO2 Depolarized Electrolysis for “Green Hydrogen” Production

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Díaz-Abad ◽  
María Millán ◽  
Manuel A. Rodrigo ◽  
Justo Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Near Future

In the near future, primary energy from fossil fuels should be gradually replaced with renewable and clean energy sources. To succeed in this goal, hydrogen has proven to be a very suitable energy carrier, because it can be easily produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources. After storage, it can be fed to a fuel cell, again producing electricity. There are many ways to improve the efficiency of this process, some of them based on the combination of the electrolytic process with other non-electrochemical processes. One of the most promising is the thermochemical hybrid sulphur cycle (also known as Westinghouse cycle). This cycle combines a thermochemical step (H2SO4 decomposition) with an electrochemical one, where the hydrogen is produced from the oxidation of SO2 and H2O (SO2 depolarization electrolysis, carried out at a considerably lower cell voltage compared to conventional electrolysis). This review summarizes the different catalysts that have been tested for the oxidation of SO2 in the anode of the electrolysis cell. Their advantages and disadvantages, the effect of platinum (Pt) loading, and new tendencies in their use are presented. This is expected to shed light on future development of new catalysts for this interesting process.

scholarly journals Cost of hydrogen production with using the share of electricity from a wind power plant in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
N.P. Ivanenko ◽  
◽  
P.V. Tarasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Power Plant

To ensure the balance reliability of regimes of UES functioning, it was necessary to apply restrictions on generation from renewable energy sources (RES). In this regard, a number of amendments was made in 2020 to the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" dated April 13, 2017 No. 2019-VIII, which provide for reduction of the rates of the "green" tariff for renewable energy projects. CJSC NEC "Ukrenergo" predicts limitation of electricity production from renewable sources against the background of their growing capacity and falling consumption – up to 1 billion kW∙h. The total volume of electricity production from renewable energy sources in 2019 was about 4.5 billion kW∙h. One of the most efficient ways to use excessive electricity is producing hydrogen. Hydrogen has been successfully used as a raw material for many years. The total estimated value of the hydrogen feedstock market is $ 115 billion, and it is expected only to grow, reaching $ 155 billion by 2022. Hydrogen is widely used at present in various industries and sectors. It should be noted separately that the use of hydrogen instead of natural gas does not lead to increasing greenhouse gas emissions and favors the decarbonization of economy. In addition, the by-product of electrolysis is purified oxygen, which is currently relevant. The cost of hydrogen generated with the use of renewable electricity is typically $ 2.5–6.6 / kg of hydrogen. The most well-known technological options for producing hydrogen from RES are water electrolysis and steam reforming of biomethane / biogas with or without carbon capture and use / storage. The purpose of this paper was to estimate the weighted average cost of hydrogen in Ukraine at the expense of RES electricity, in particular, produced by a wind power plant with using water electrolysis. We developed an algorithm for calculating the weighted average cost of hydrogen production using wind power plants for the conditions of Ukraine, taking into account the determination of installed capacities of the battery, electrolyzer, and distiller. According to the calculation results, the weighted average cost of hydrogen production was about US $ 5.1 / kg of hydrogen. Keywords: hydrogen production, renewable energy sources, wind farm, weighted average cost. mathematical model, storage, electrolyzer

scholarly journals From Renewable Energy to Renewable Fuel: A Sustainable Hydrogen Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p49
Author(s):  
Rafiq Mulla ◽  
Charles W. Dunnill
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments

Hydrogen, a zero-emission fuel and the universal energy vector, can be easily produced from many different energy sources. It is a storable, transportable product that can be used on demand to overcome supply and demand imbalances. As of today, most of the hydrogen produced comes from natural gas; the production process itself is in fact not so pollution free. As the world is looking for a low carbon future, researchers have therefore been looking for more sustainable, environmentally friendly pathways of hydrogen production by using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Among the different methods, water electrolysis is a conventional and promising method of hydrogen production if renewable energy sources are to be employed in the process. Lots of progress has been made over the past few years in extending the use of hydrogen in different sectors. This perspective article briefly covers the recent developments in the hydrogen fuel-based projects and technologies and provides a description of the advantages of employing renewable energy sources for sustainable hydrogen production.

scholarly journals Multiphysical Models for Hydrogen Production Using NaOH and Stainless Steel Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolysis Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ivan Newen Aquigeh ◽  
Merlin Zacharie Ayissi ◽  
Dieudonné Bitondo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Interelectrode Gap ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis

The cell voltage in alkaline water electrolysis cells remains high despite the fact that water electrolysis is a cleaner and simpler method of hydrogen production. A multiphysical model for the cell voltage of a single cell electrolyzer was realized based on a combination of current-voltage models, simulation of electrolyzers in intermittent operation (SIMELINT), existing experimental data, and data from the experiment conducted in the course of this work. The equipment used NaOH as supporting electrolyte and stainless steel as electrodes. Different electrolyte concentrations, interelectrode gaps, and electrolyte types were applied and the cell voltages recorded. Concentrations of 60 wt% NaOH produced lowest range of cell voltage (1.15–2.67 V); an interelectrode gap of 0.5 cm also presented the lowest cell voltage (1.14–2.71 V). The distilled water from air conditioning led to a minimum cell voltage (1.18–2.78 V). The water from a factory presented the highest flow rate (12.48 × 10−1cm3/min). It was found that the cell voltage of the alkaline electrolyzer was reduced considerably by reducing the interelectrode gap to 0.5 cm and using electrolytes that produce less bubbles. A maximum error of 1.5% was found between the mathematical model and experimental model, indicating that the model is reliable.

scholarly journals Decentralized Control Technique Application for Effective Energy Management in Microgird Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Eseosa Omorogiuwa ◽  
Martins William Enebieyi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Effective Energy ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Management Improvement

Micro-grid supplied by Renewable Energy Sources is characterized by randomness and intermittency due to varying weather conditions. Moreover, increasing demand for off-Grid electricity lead  to uneven expansion of Micro-grid structures which may attract additional cost due to complex communication requirements in centralized Systems. In view of the above problems, decentralized control technique is employed in this work to effectively improve energy supplied to an inverter-Based Micro grid by Solar PV and Battery. Droop-based PWM control technique is applied to low Voltage Micro grid at a reference location for effective Energy Management Improvement. Simulations of various operating modes and weather conditions are done in MATLAB/Simulink to validate energy management improvement system. Results obtained showed that active and reactive power is shared between Inverter-connected Energy sources according to their Voltage ratings in Islanded Mode. Coordination technique of energy Management Improvement System supports true Plug and Play Functionalities as DGs can be added to the network with varying voltage Magnitude and location without pre-configuration.

Operation and control of a stand-alone power system with integrated multiple renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110241
Author(s):  
Nindra Sekhar ◽  
Natarajan Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Squirrel Cage ◽  
Hysteresis Controller ◽  
Squirrel Cage Induction Generator ◽  
And Control

To overcome the difficulties of extending the main power grid to isolated locations, this paper proposes the local installation of a combination of three renewable energy sources, namely, a wind driven DFIG, a solar PV unit, a biogas driven squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG), and an energy storage battery system. In this configuration one bi-directional SPWM inverter at the rotor side of the DFIG controls the voltage and frequency, to maintain them constant on its stator side, which feeds the load. The PV-battery also supplies the load, through another inverter and a hysteresis controller. Appropriately adding a capacitor bank and a DSTATCOM has also been considered, to share the reactive power requirement of the system. Performance of various modes of operation of this coordinated scheme has been studied through simulation. All the results and relevant waveforms are presented and discussed to validate the successful working of the proposed system.

scholarly journals Towards the Hydrogen Economy—A Review of the Parameters That Influence the Efficiency of Alkaline Water Electrolyzers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3193
Author(s):  
Ana L. Santos ◽  
Maria-João Cebola ◽  
Diogo M. F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alkaline Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cell Components

Environmental issues make the quest for better and cleaner energy sources a priority. Worldwide, researchers and companies are continuously working on this matter, taking one of two approaches: either finding new energy sources or improving the efficiency of existing ones. Hydrogen is a well-known energy carrier due to its high energy content, but a somewhat elusive one for being a gas with low molecular weight. This review examines the current electrolysis processes for obtaining hydrogen, with an emphasis on alkaline water electrolysis. This process is far from being new, but research shows that there is still plenty of room for improvement. The efficiency of an electrolyzer mainly relates to the overpotential and resistances in the cell. This work shows that the path to better electrolyzer efficiency is through the optimization of the cell components and operating conditions. Following a brief introduction to the thermodynamics and kinetics of water electrolysis, the most recent developments on several parameters (e.g., electrocatalysts, electrolyte composition, separator, interelectrode distance) are highlighted.

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