Frequency Domain Fatigue Analysis for a Unbonded Flexible Riser: Damage Induced by Dynamic Bending

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabei Yuan ◽  
Yucheng Hou ◽  
Zhimin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Time History ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Stress Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequency Domain Approach

Abstract The service life of flexible risers is a vital design parameter in offshore field development. The standard approach to calculate fatigue life is the nonlinear time-domain analysis. The approach uses time history of riser responses in local structure assessment to get the fatigue damage of tensile layers. Another approach is the linearized frequency-domain analysis. Instead of using time history of stress and rainflow counting technique, the approach uses stress spectrum and empirical mathematical terms to estimate the fatigue damage. The frequency domain approach is significantly faster. However, due to the whole system being linearized, the latter usually produces different results and is considered to be less accurate than the time domain approach. To address this issue, Baker Hughes previously developed an approach which uses the frequency domain technique as base solution and calibration factors from limited time domain cases. The approach is limited to tensile wires at the end fitting entrance where tension and tensile stress is directly linked. In this paper, a similar approach is proposed to be applied for tensile fatigue at all regions, whose tensile stress are induced by a combination of tension, pressure, bending and friction between layers. Since tensile stress is not directly related to any single riser response, the stress spectrum is predicted by using a transfer function. With the predicted stress spectrum, the fatigue damage of each case is calculated with Dirlik’s method and SN curves. The paper summarizes the development of the hybrid frequency domain approach. The fatigue damage of risers from several projects are acquired with both time domain and frequency domain approaches. The approach is significantly faster than traditional time domain approach and produces conservative results. Furthermore, discussions are made on options to improve the approach and reduce the conservatism in the frequency domain fatigue analysis.

A Frequency Domain Approach for Random Fatigue Analysis of Steel Catenary Risers at Brazil’s Deep Waters

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Marcio Silva Dantas ◽  
Marcos Queija de Siqueira ◽  
Gilberto Bruno Ellwanger ◽  
Ana Lu´cia F. Lima Torres ◽  
Marcio Martins Mourelle
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Steel Catenary Riser

The steel catenary riser was adopted by Petrobras as a cost-effective alternative for oil and gas export and for water injection lines on deepwater fields, where large diameter flexible risers present technical and economic limitations. The installation of the P-18 SCR was a pioneer project of a free-hanging steel catenary riser linked to a semi-submersible [1] and demonstrated the technical feasibility of the concept. Fatigue damage verification is an important issue in SCR design, demanding a high number of loading cases to be analyzed. The random time domain nonlinear analysis is considered an attractive and reliable tool for fatigue analysis as nonlinearities are properly modeled and the random behaviour of environmental loadings is considered. As time domain analysis is high computer time consuming, the frequency domain analysis has been considered as an alternative tool for the initial phases of riser design to be used mainly for fatigue damage verification. This paper presents a methodology developed to perform a linearized frequency domain analysis aiming at fatigue damage verification. Two drilling risers were analyzed with the frequency domain procedure developed. The model of a steel lazy-wave riser was analyzed both in frequency and time domain in order to compare fatigue damage results. The analyses were performed using the Petrobras’s in-house computer codes ANFLEX, ALFREQ and POSFAL developed and implemented as part of projects from CENPES/PETROBRAS with “COPPE/UFRJ -The Engineering Post-Graduating Coordination of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro”.

Critical Evaluation of Frequency-Domain Approach for Fatigue Damage Estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gašper Vidic ◽  
Marko Nagode
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Damage Estimation ◽  
Accumulated Damage ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequency Domain Approach

Frequency-domain approach for fatigue damage estimation and lifetime prediction of mechanical components is often used for its computational efficiency and the capability to give a synthetic representation of a random process. The problem with the approach is that the input data, the stress power spectral density (PSD), may not include the information about potential small amount of high amplitude cycles which can substantially increase the accumulated fatigue damage. The paper investigates the scatter of the accumulated damage in generated random stress histories and compares them to the results obtained by a frequency-domain approach—the Dirlik method. The results show a possibility of a severe underestimation of accumulated damage when using frequency-domain approach. In case a typical stress, history of a certain mechanical component includes sporadic high amplitude cycles their effect shoud be taken into consideration when using frequency-domain approach.

Efficient Dynamic Analysis of a Combined Spar System via a Frequency Domain Approach

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol D. Spanos ◽  
Rupak Ghosh ◽  
Lyle D. Finn ◽  
Fikry Botros ◽  
John Halkyard
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Equivalent Linear ◽  
Frequency Domain Approach

The response of a combined Spar/ risers/mooring lines system is conventionally determined by conducting nonlinear time domain analysis. The system nonlinearity is introduced by the mooring nonlinear force, the friction between the buoyancy-can and the preloaded compliant guide, and the quadratic model of the fluid related damping. Obviously, during the design process, it is important to understand the sensitivity of the Spar responses to various parameters. To a great extent, these objectives cannot be readily achieved by using time domain analysis since, in this context, elements with frequency dependent representation such as the added masses and supplementary damping must be incorporated in the analysis; this may require the use of elaborate convolution techniques. This attribute of the time domain solution combined with the necessity of running a significant number of simulations makes it desirable to develop alternative methods of analysis. In the present paper, a frequency domain approach based on the method of the statistical linearization is used for conducting readily a parametric study of the combined Spar system. This method allows one to account by an equivalent linear damping and an equivalent linear stiffness for the mooring nonlinearity, friction nonlinearity, and the damping nonlinearity of the system. Further, frequency dependent inertia and radiation damping terms in the equations of motion are accommodated. This formulation leads to a mathematical model for the combined system, which involves five-by-five mass, damping and stiffness matrices. In the solution procedure, the equivalent parameters of the linear system are refined in an iterative manner, and by relying on an optimization criterion. This procedure is used to assess the sensitivity of representative Spar system responses to various design parameters. Further, the effect of various design parameters on the combined system response is examined. The environmental loadings considered are of the JONSWAP format of a 100-yr hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico.

‘Wet Handshake’: Workability Study of an Offshore Thruster Exchange Operation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk Feikens ◽  
Roel Verwey ◽  
Jorrit-Jan Serraris ◽  
Rene´ Huijsmans
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Scatter Diagram ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
Exchange Operation ◽  
Frequency Domain Approach ◽  
Workability Diagram

Thruster exchange operations are performed when an azimuth thruster on a DP operated vessel needs to be replaced for repair or maintenance purposes. At present these operations are performed either during a dry-dock call or in sheltered waters with the assistance of a shearleg or heavy lift vessel moored alongside the DP operated vessel. In order to reduce downtime of the DP operated vessel a clear trend is observed of operations being carried out more offshore and in deeper waters by means of a wet handshake between a heavy lift vessel (HLV) and a DP operated vessel. To get insight into the workability of such offshore thruster exchange operations it is important to study the dynamic interactions between the bodies involved. This paper describes the development of a methodology which accurately determines the workability of an offshore thruster exchange operation. The methodology is developed by BigLift Shipping, which has performed several thruster exchange operations in sheltered waters in the past few years. Furthermore the results of a workability analysis of a thruster exchange operation offshore Ghana are presented. In order to determine workability, first the hydrodynamic behavior including interaction effects of the coupled configuration of the DP operated vessel, the heavy lift vessel and the azimuthing thruster is calculated for a range of seastates, which results in the response spectra of the vessels. Then for each seastate the response is compared with the defined operational criteria to determine whether this seastate is workable, critical or non-workable, which results in a workability diagram. The workability can be quantified by combining this workability diagram with a wave-scatter diagram of the location of interest. In general this is a thoroughly studied topic. In order to achieve a higher level of accuracy of the workability prediction the focus of the methodology described in this paper has been pointed on two aspects that can be of significant influence. • First the persistency of a certain seastate is investigated. In the approach described above any variation of the environmental conditions over the duration of the operation is not considered. The effect of changing weather in time can be of significant influence on the overall workability. In order to take into account persistency information a numerical dataset of 3 hours statistics over a period of 10 years is used. Combining this information with the duration of all consecutive steps of the operation, results in a more realistic workability prediction. Similar approaches in seakeeping of ships are shown by Dallinga et al. (2004) [1], Naito et al. (2006) [2]. • Secondly the influence of a frequency domain approach compared to a time domain approach is analyzed. The nonlinear effects that occur in the coupled configuration of multiple bodies can not be taken into account in the frequency domain approach. Therefore the motion analysis is performed in the time domain. As an example case a thruster exchange operation offshore Ghana has been studied. The results of the study show that the workability prediction based on scatter diagram metocean data is influenced substantially when persistency information of metocean data is taken into account. The effect of the duration and criteria of independent operational steps on the workability are clearly visible in the persistency approach. This enables a to-the-point approach in improving the workability. Although time domain analysis is taking into account nonlinear effects, the difference between time and frequency domain analysis can be neglected for the presently studied configuration.

Direct Hang-Off Model to Evaluate Fatigue Damage at Riser Hang-Off

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Hou ◽  
Jiabei Yuan ◽  
Yanqiu Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Tan ◽  
Terry Sheldrake
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Time History ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
External Function ◽  
The Time Domain

Fatigue damage assessment at the flexible riser hang-off location, where the pipe frequently endures maximum tension and curvature variations, is key to verify design integrity for service life. Traditionally, the fatigue analysis is performed in a separate local structure model, as the commercial global analysis software lacks the capability of handling the local behavior of the riser structural component, which is dependent on materials and manufacturing processes. During global fatigue analysis, the riser configuration is built with pinned connected at the hang-off point. The resulting tension and angle responses at the hang-off location, are then input to a local model to perform the stress and fatigue analysis, where the detailed pipe layer structure and bend stiffener are modeled. This traditional approach is conservative, time costly and is often limited to regular wave approach. Wellstream developed an external function to work with specialized commercial riser dynamic analysis software. The external function simulates the detailed behaviour of flexible pipe structure components and the resulting bending hysteresis during dynamic simulation in the time domain. Therefore, the stress time history of the tensile armour becomes available at the end of global simulation in the time domain and is ready for fatigue damage assessment by rain flow counting. This paper presents a study case where the fatigue assessment is performed directly at the hang-off region within the riser global dynamic simulation. The riser hang-off is situated at the top of the I-tube and a bend stiffener is fixed at the bottom of the I-tube. I-tube and pipe section are precisely modeled as pipe-in-pipe facility, where the interaction of riser/I-tube can be captured.

Dynamic Analysis for Transportation of Barge-Jacket Assembly in Time-Frequency Domain

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
F. Sun ◽  
C. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Time History ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Domain Method ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Random Seas ◽  
History Of

A combined time-frequency domain method is proposed to analyze the stresses of barge-jacket assembly during transportation. Starting with the motion of analysis in frequency domain, the time history of waves and motions in random seas are simulated, then the stresses are determined in time domain. The stress autocorrelation functions are calculated and the stress spectra and statistical characteristics are obtained through Fourier transformation. A computer program has been developed. The effects of barge flexibility and the forces caused by the immersion of jacket have been discussed.

A Frequency Domain Approach for the Random Fatigue Analysis of SCR Considering Bimodal/Bidirectional Characteristic of Campos Basin Sea States

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Marcio Silva Dantas ◽  
Marcos Queija de Siqueira ◽  
Ana Lu´cia Fernandes Lima Torres ◽  
Gilberto Bruno Ellwanger ◽  
Marcio Martins Mourelle
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Frequency Domain Approach ◽  
Linearization Techniques

Fatigue verification is an important issue in steel risers design, demanding a good representation of the loading conditions that will occur during the riser entire lifetime. PETROBRAS has carried out a series of measurement and acquisition programs over the past decade, including the Campos Basin simultaneous acquisition of waves, current and wind data. The campaigns are called the PROCAP1 in Marlim Field and PROCAP2 in Barracuda Field. Those programs provided simultaneous environmental data (wave, wind and current) containing multimodal / multidirectional sea-states that occur in Campos Basin, with two main peaks dominating the total energy content [20,21]. As fatigue damage calculation depends on the stresses variations during the lifetime of the structure, the set of loads used in the analysis should be complete enough to represent all possible situations. The high number of loading conditions used in riser fatigue verification associated with the random time-domain analysis that demands a high computer time for processing the analysis, impact the design schedule. The frequency domain approach, based on linearization techniques, is an alternative tool for riser analysis and has been studied mainly for structural fatigue verification applications. For this particular application, due to the low intensity of loadings, the geometric nonlinearity is considered by means of a previous nonlinear static analysis, followed by a dynamic frequency domain analysis on the deformed model. The nonlinearity of the drag part of Morison’s formula has to be conveniently treated by linearization techniques. This work presents a comparative study where the results using a frequency domain analysis are compared to the results of a time domain analysis. Both approaches were used in the analysis of a steel lazy-wave riser (SLWR) model connected to a spread-moored FPSO, submitted to fatigue environmental loadings considering the bimodal/bidirectional characteristic of Campos Basin sea-states. The analyses were performed using the PETROBRAS’s in-house computer codes ANFLEX, ALFREQ and POSFAL developed and implemented as part of projects from CENPES/PETROBRAS with “COPPE/UFRJ - The Engineering Post-Graduating Coordination of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro”.

A Comparison of Frequency and Time Domain Fatigue Damage Using the Battelle Structural Stress Methodology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Structural Stress ◽  
Parallel Time ◽  
Representative Cell ◽  
Shear Plate ◽  
Plate Connection

A frequency domain fatigue analysis using the Battelle structural stress methodology has been performed on a shear plate connection detail typical of a representative cell spar in North Sea service. In parallel, time domain cycle counting of the Battelle structural stress ranges has been performed on the same connection detail. The frequency and time domain fatigue damage computed at various locations is reported and compared. Recommendations regarding the application of the Battelle method to wide-banded spectral fatigue problems are provided.

scholarly journals TIME AND FREQUENCY LOADING ANALYSIS OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
H.C. Alexander ◽  
P.L. Allen ◽  
J.L. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods ◽  
Wave Conditions

Fatigue damage to marine pipelines subjected to wave forces is evaluated using time-domain and frequency-domain methods. Spectral techniques are applied to North Sea, Gulf of Mexico and offshore Atlantic Canada wave conditions. Time-domain analysis is applied to wave conditions in the Canadian North Atlantic Ocean. The frequency-domain analysis is performed using spectral and probabilistic techniques suggested by L. Borgman {?.). The pipeline dynamic characteristics are described by classical analytical descriptions. The time-domain analysis computes time histories of wave force loading on the submerged pipeline from actual wave records. The traditional Morison wave force equation is used to obtain the time history of the loading on the pipeline. Empirically determined wave spectra are shown not to produce as good a correlation with the deterministic results as the actual wave spectra. Free spanning submarine pipelines subjected to cyclic surface wave loading accumulate strength reductions leading to failure from material fatigue. The Palmgren-Miner rule for the linear accumulation of fatigue damage is applied to evaluate the time to failure. The American Welding Society X-X stress accumulation curve is applied. The results of the deterministic analysis were compared with those of the more efficient spectral analysis. It is shown that comparable results can be obtained from the spectral analysis provided the actual spectra of the water surface elevation is employed in the spectral analysis.

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