Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Flow Through an Orifice Plate in a Pipe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Yin ◽  
Bjørnar Nitter ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract Orifice flow meters are widely used in industries to measure the flow rate in pipelines. The flow rate inside the pipe can be calculated using the relationship between the flow velocity and the pressure drop across the orifice plate. In the present study, numerical simulations have been carried out using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the k-ω SST turbulence model to thoroughly investigate the turbulent flow through a circular square-edged orifice with various orifice plate thicknesses and orifice diameters inside a pipe at different Reynolds numbers ranging from 2500 to 40000. The orifice thickness to pipe diameter ratio (t) varies between 0.125 and 2 and the orifice diameter to pipe diameter (β) varies between 0.25 and 0.75. The resulting centerline profiles of the streamwise velocity and pressure of the present study are compared with the previous published numerical results and experimental data as the validation study. The effects of Reynolds numbers and orifice geometries on the pressure, the flow velocity and vorticity distribution in the orifice are discussed in detail.

Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Flow through an Orifice Plate in a Pipe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guang Yin ◽  
Bjørnar Nitter ◽  
Muk Chen Ong
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract Orifice flow meters are widely used in industries to measure the flow rate in pipelines. The flow rate inside the pipe can be calculated using the relationship between the flow velocity and the pressure drop across the orifice plate. In the present study, numerical simulations have been carried out using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the k-ω SST turbulence model to thoroughly investigate the turbulent flow through a circular square-edged orifice with various orifice plate thicknesses and orifice diameters inside a pipe at different Reynolds numbers ranging from 2500 to 40000. The orifice thickness to pipe diameter ratio (t) varies between 0.125 and 2 and the orifice diameter to pipe diameter (ß) varies between 0.25 and 0.75. The resulting centerline profiles of the streamwise velocity and pressure of the present study are compared with the previous published numerical results and experimental data as the validation study. The effects of Reynolds numbers and orifice geometries on the pressure, the flow velocity and vorticity distribution in the orifice are discussed in detail. It is found that for the fixed ß, the discharge coefficient increases with the increasing t and the vortical structure inside the orifice is separated into two regions located at the two edges of the orifice. For the fixed t, the size of the large recirculation motions behind the plate increases and the vorticity around the plate becomes stronger with the decreasing ß.

scholarly journals Validation and assessment of different RANS turbulence models for simulating turbulent flow through an orifice plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
A P Jurga ◽  
M J Janocha ◽  
G Yin ◽  
K E T Giljarhus ◽  
M C Ong
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Rans Turbulence Models ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract In the present study, numerical simulations using different Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence models are carried out to investigate the turbulent flow through the orifice plate at Reynolds number (Re) of 23000. The orifice thickness to pipe diameter ratio (t) and the orifice diameter to pipe diameter ratio (β) are fixed and equal to 0.1 and 0.5, respectively. The objective is to evaluate the behaviour of various RANS models with respect to the relevant flow parameters such as the pressure drop, velocity distributions and turbulence intensity profiles in the pipe by comparing the results with available published experimental data. The following turbulence models are studied: the k – ε, the k – ε Low Re, the k – ε RNG, the k – ε Realizable, the k – ω SST, the γ – SST, the EARSM and the k – ε Cubic models. It is found that based on the validation study of the flow through the orifice plate, the following models are in good agreement with experimental measurements: the k – ω SST, the γ – SST and the EARSM. They show a better performance than the k – ε model family in predicting the flow features which are important for the orifice flowmeter design.

scholarly journals Flow through pipe orifices at low Reynolds numbers

1930 ◽  
Vol 126 (801) ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Vortex System ◽  
Low Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Low Reynolds

Most of the experimental work in connection with the flow of fluids through diaphragm orifices in pipe lines has been directed to the establishment of the orifice as a flow meter, and has been carried out at the velocities of flow commonly encountered in commercial practice. As a result of such research the coefficients relating the volumetric discharge of incompressible fluids to the differential head across an orifice are well known over a large range of high Reynolds numbers. For a particular diameter ratio ( i. e., orifice diameter ÷ diameter of pipe line) the discharge coefficient is nearly constant under conditions of turbulent flow. Over the range from steady to turbulent flow, however, very appreciable variations occur in the value of the discharge coefficient, suggest­ing that the accompanying variations in the nature of the flow through and beyond the orifice will be no less marked. As regards the turbulent flow pattern, an investigation, in which the author collaborated, of the airflow downstream of a flat plate suggests that an orifice in a pipe will in general give rise to a vortex system, probably having some points of resemblance to the well-known Kármán street which is a feature of the two-dimensional flow past a bluff obstacle, but doubtless exhibiting interesting differences arising from the symmetrical and three-dimensional character of the flow through an orifice. At sufficiently low Reynolds numbers, on the other hand, perfect flow free from periodic vorticity will occur. The stages connecting these two extreme conditions present many points of interest not only as regards the nature of the vortex system downstream of the orifice and the conditions of flow covering its inception, but also as regards the accom­panying pressure-velocity relation during the transition.

On the problem of a vertical gas flow through an orifice with non-standard pressure tappings locations

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Nec ◽  
Greg Huculak
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Vertical Pipe ◽  
Standard Pressure ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Atomized Water

A comprehensive model was developed to compute the flow rate in a vertical pipe collecting gas in a landfill facility. The model accounts for gravity, viscosity, adjustable orifice diameter and non-standard locations of the pressure tappings, so placed to prevent damage to certain measuring sensors caused by atomized water entrained in the gas and pooling at the orifice plate.

A Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Flow Structure in Channels With Miniature V Rib-Dimple Hybrid Structure on One Wall

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yu Rao ◽  
Yanlin Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Mixing

This paper presents a numerical study on turbulent flow and heat transfer in the channels with a novel hybrid cooling structure with miniature V-shaped ribs and dimples on one wall. The heat transfer characteristics, pressure loss and turbulent flow structures in the channels with the rib-dimples with three different rib heights of 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm are obtained for the Reynolds numbers ranging from 18,700 to 60,000 by numerical simulations, which are also compared with counterpart of a pure dimpled and pure V ribbed channel. The results show that the overall Nusselt numbers of the V rib-dimple channel with the rib height of 1.5 mm is up to 70% higher than that of the channels with pure dimples. The numerical simulations show that the arrangement of the miniature V rib upstream each dimple induces complex secondary flow near the wall and generates downwashing vortices, which intensifies the flow mixing and turbulent kinetic energy in the dimple, resulting in significant improvement in heat transfer enhancement and uniformness.

Turbulent Flow Structure around a Horizontal Circular Cylinder Placed on a Rough Bed

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
prashanth hanmaiahgari ◽  
kalpana devi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Reynolds Shear Stress ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Reattachment Length ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Rough Bed ◽  
Horizontal Circular Cylinder

<p>Pipelines that traverse a river are often buried beneath the river bed. However, the pipeline may be exposed due to scoured riverbed during floods. The exposed pipeline vibrates in a frequency band depending upon the flow velocity, size, and shape of the pipe. These vibrations are detrimental to the pipeline safety and stability due to their cyclic nature. In fact, these vibrations are induced by the turbulence around the cylinder which is a function of the flow velocity apart from the diameter of the cylinder and the bed roughness. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the structure of turbulent flow in the recirculation, reattachment and recovery regions behind a horizontal circular cylinder placed on the rough bed. In this direction, different experiments were conducted in a wide flume for various flow Reynolds numbers and cylinder Reynolds numbers. The Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) was used for measuring the instantaneous point velocities. The raw velocity data were properly processed before the analysis. The approach flow was found to be a canonical near wall turbulent flow. In the immediate downstream of the cylinder, flow is characterized by recirculation, boundary layer reattachment and recovery. The reattachment length was determined using the established forward fraction method and reattachment length is independent of the flow Reynolds number. In addition, enhanced turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress, and turbulent kinetic energy were observed in the separated shear layer and they rapidly decreased in the recovery region. The present investigation will boost the understanding of hydraulics of flow around the horizontal bed-mounted cylindrical objects in rough bed natural streams under different flow conditions.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Wall mounted horizontal cylinder; Boundary layer; Separated and reattached turbulent flows; Wall Wake flows; ADV; Open channel flow.</p>

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