Improvements in Fuel Flexibility and Operating Cost Reduction at CSU Drake Station With Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ Technology

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Towell ◽  
Tom Martinez ◽  
David Hightower ◽  
Richard Maxey ◽  
Gerry Snow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Powder River Basin ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Annual Operating Cost ◽  
Environmental Emissions ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Powder River Basin Coal

Power generating stations are under continuous pressure to achieve maximum availability, highest efficiency, and minimum environmental emissions at the lowest possible cost. In recent years, increased fuel flexibility has become more critical financially and operationally than ever before. Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU) has been very progressive in adopting and implementing benchmark technologies and operating strategies to help achieve these goals across their diversified generation portfolio, and in particular at four operating coal units representing 462 megawatts in the system. One key strategy employed at CSU’s Martin Drake Station has been to continuously evaluate and test alternative coal feedstocks which have potential to reduce cost while maintaining capacity, fuel supply security, availability, and efficiency. These tests would not have been possible without the use of Fuel Tech’s Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ (TIFI®) technology to control slagging and fouling, reduce forced outages and load drops, and enhance unit efficiency. The TIFI process involves the use of two different forms of fluid dynamics modeling coupled with a virtual reality engine. Together, these simulation methods create a running duplicate of a given furnace with injection overlays and dosage maps to predict the precise trajectory of an injected chemical, helping to ensure as close to 100% coverage of the targeted zones as possible. With TIFI installed on Units 6 and 7 at Martin Drake Station, the operators were able to blend Powder River Basin coal with design fuel up to double the percentages previously achievable. Using TIFI, the plant was able to maintain full load generation, better control slagging deposits, show improvements in heat absorption, and reduce attemperator spray flows over previous blend trials. Including the cost of the TIFI program, the station has demonstrated a potential annual operating cost reduction approaching $4.9 million. Effective return on TIFI program investment is 4:1.

Smart Lube Systems for Gas Turbine Engines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Maintenance Activities ◽  
The Cost

Presently, the typical gas turbine based power generator relies on a large, expensive skid system to provide lubrication to the bearings. These skids consist of a large number of expensive components, many of which require maintenance that drives operating cost and creates environmental hazards. A smart lube system based on recently developed technology enables dramatic simplification and cost reduction of the skid system and significantly reduces oil consumption along with the frequency and cost of maintenance. Such a system would take advantage of the availability of advanced pump system controls and fluid nozzle technology to drastically reduce the quantity of oil required, and the resultant heat rejection. As a result, the sizes of reservoir, cooler, filter and piping are greatly reduced. The cost of components, support equipment and maintenance activities will also be reduced to a fraction of their present values.

APPLICATION OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR A LOWLAND GREENHOUSE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haslinda Mohamed Kamar ◽  
Nazri Kamsah ◽  
Norull Ahmad Norull Azman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System ◽  
Annual Cost Saving ◽  
Annual Operating Cost ◽  
The Cost

This article presents a study to estimate the potential saving in annual operating cost of a hypothetical greenhouse used for planting strawberry, in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The greenhouse needs to be maintained at a constant temperature of 20°C at all time. The goal of this study is to select a suitable TES system that can save the annual cost of electricity usage to meet the cooling load requirement of the greenhouse, based on a 24 hours operating duration and local electricity tariff. Comparison is made with the annual cost for running a conventional air-conditioning (AC) system to meet the cooling requirement. The cooling load requirement of the greenhouse dictates the capacity and size of the potential TES systems, which was estimated based on the highest total annual cooling load. Three TES system operating arrangements were considered in this study: TES full storage combined with AC systems, TES full storage and TES partial storage. Among these three arrangements, the TES full storage was found to have the highest an annual cost saving of about RM 58,990 compared to the cost of using the conventional AC system alone. This represents about 68 % of annual operating cost saving, which is considered very significant.

Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aniek Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
The Cost

Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.

ANALISIS PENGARUH BIAYA OPERASIONAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PENERBANGAN NASIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Dheny Biantara
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Oil Pricing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Flexibility ◽  
Airline Maintenance

Summarized Indonesian airline executive views on the reason for the cost problem in mayor airline andon the potential areas and measures of cost reduction in airline operation. Present an introductionsurvey where 3 executives from 3 Indonesian airlines were respondent. In the executive opinion the costproblem in mayor Indonesian airline is primarily due to fuel and oil pricing and money currency. Of thevarious function in airline maintenance was seen as least cost efficiency, whereas flight operation wasseen as an area with most potential for cost reduction. Indonesian airline had made route and fleetchanges after the beginning of 2011 to reduce cost, concludes from the analisys result havingprivatization would be an important step towards more efficient airline operation. Flexibility fromIndonesian airline regulatory would be very much welcome and the value chain concept to improveIndonesian airline having competitive adventage and cost leadership differentiation.

Recent advances in the technologies of connection for panel structures: Design and cost analysis of different solutions with X-shaped dissipative connectors

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
Massimo Latour
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Classical Solutions ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Seismic Damper ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
Cyclic Behaviour ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity ◽  
The Cost

In this work, a recently patented seismic damper to be applied to structures composed by systems of panels is presented. In particular, the article is devoted to characterize the behaviour of the proposed connector by means of an experimental and numerical analysis and to provide some information about the cost of the elements needed to realize the damper, accounting for the manufacturing process. The experimental analysis has regarded five specimens tested under different loading conditions, and it has been used as a term of comparison with the classical systems of connection currently employed in these structures. Afterwards, in the article, a design criterion able to control the capacity and ductility of the device by simply varying the shape of the damper is presented and its accuracy is evaluated by performing finite element analyses. The results of the experimental and finite element analyses are very promising in terms of cyclic behaviour and energy dissipation capacity and reveal that the design of the element can be accurately controlled by means of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the cost estimate has revealed that the proposed damper is also cheaper than the classical solutions with a cost reduction of about 40%.

Reforming Teacher Pension Plans: The Case of Kansas, the 1st Teacher Cash Balance Plan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Robert M. Costrell
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Cash Balance ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Employer Contribution ◽  
Loaded Structure ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The ongoing crisis in teacher pension funding has led states to consider various reforms in plan design, to replace the traditional benefit formulas, based on years of service and final average salary (FAS). One such design is a cash balance (CB) plan, long deployed in the private sector, and increasingly considered, but rarely yet adopted for teachers. Such plans are structured with individual 401(k)-type retirement accounts, but with guaranteed returns. In this paper I examine how the nation's first CB plan for teachers, in Kansas, has played out for system costs, and the level and distribution of individual benefits, compared to the FAS plan it replaced. My key findings are: (1) employer-funded benefits were modestly reduced, despite the surface appearance of more generous employer contribution matches; (2) more importantly, the cost of the pension guarantee, which is off-the-books under standard actuarial accounting, was reduced quite substantially. In addition, benefits are more equitably distributed between short termers and career teachers than under the back-loaded structure of benefits characteristic of FAS plans. The key to the plan's cost reduction is that the guaranteed return approximates a low-risk market return, considerably lower than the assumed return on risky assets.

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