Corrosion Control for Safety and Integrity of Pipelines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael A. El Kholy
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Corrosion Control ◽  
Corrosion Prevention ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
Oil Gas

Corrosion directly affects our lives by reducing the integrity of possessions. All pipelines, even the best designed and maintained, deteriorate with time. The primary cause of this deterioration is corrosion. Corrosion in metal can be compared to cancer in human body. Both act very slowly without being easily visible and by the time one notices it, serious damage has been done. Owing to corrosion, billions of dollars are wasted in various industries, refineries, petrochemical plants and various underground pipelines and structures in the field of oil, gas, water etc. For the safety and integrity of underground pipelines it is imperative to adopt various methods of corrosion prevention to retard corrosion and thus increase the active working life of pipelines. This paper provides information about various types of corrosion and methods of both inline and outer surface corrosion inspection and monitoring. It also discusses means of pipeline protection, corrosion control and rehabilitation.

Study of Inhibition to Leaching of Cobalt from Cemented Carbide Tools

2006 ◽  
Vol 315-316 ◽  
pp. 546-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ming Jia ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
Suo Xia Hou
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Cemented Carbide Tools ◽  
Leaching Mechanism

Cutting fluid is the essential material in metal cutting process. This paper mainly studies the influence of TEA-containing solution on cobalt leaching from cemented carbide tools and the leaching mechanism, and then identifies the effective inhibitor. The results are as follows: (1) TEA additive can make cobalt leach from cemented carbide tools. (2) Addictive of triethanolamine oleate in the solution can obviously inhibit the leaching of cobalt from cemented carbide tools and there exists the best proportion. (3) The mixture of triethanolamine oleate and borax has the best inhibition function. So it can conclude: The mixture of triethanolamine oleate and borax can obviously reduce the leaching of cobalt from the cemented carbide tools, which improves the working life of the cutter and reduces the danger of the fluid to human body.

scholarly journals Enhanced Protective Coatings Based on Nanoparticle fullerene C60 for Oil & Gas Pipeline Corrosion Mitigation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Wang ◽  
Fujian Tang ◽  
Xiaoning Qi ◽  
Zhibin Lin ◽  
Dante Battocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Fullerene C60 ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Corrosion Control ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

Corrosion accounts for huge maintenance cost in the pipeline community. Promotion of protective coatings used for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control, in terms of high corrosion resistance as well as high damage tolerance, are still in high demand. This study was to explore the inclusion of nanoparticle fullerene-C60 in protective coatings for oil/gas pipeline corrosion control and mitigation. Fullerene-C60/epoxy nanocomposite coatings were fabricated using a solvent-free dispersion method through high-speed disk (HSD) and ultrasonication. The morphology of fullerene-C60 particles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The data analysis indicated that the nanoparticles were effectively dispersed in the matrix. The performance of the nanocomposites was investigated through their mechanical and electrochemical properties, including corrosion potential, tensile strength, strain at failure, adhesion to substrate, and durability performance. Dogbone shaped samples were fabricated to study the tensile properties of the nanocomposites, and improvement of strength, ultimate strain, and Young’s modulus were observed in the C60/epoxy specimens. The results demonstrated that the C60/epoxy composite coatings also had improvements in adhesion strength, suggesting that they could provide high damage tolerance of coatings for engineering applications. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results generated from the accelerated durability test revealed that the developed fullerene-C60 loaded composite coatings exhibited significantly improved corrosion resistance. The nanocomposite with 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% of C60 particles behaved as an intact layer for corrosion protection, even after 200-h salt spray exposure, as compared to the control coating without nanofiller in which severe damage by over 50% reduction was observed.

scholarly journals Corrosion problems and solutions in oil, gas, refining and petrochemical industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Groysman
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Corrosion Control ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Oil Gas

AbstractThe aim of this work is to describe and analyze corrosion problems and their solutions in oil, gas, and refining industry. Corrosion phenomena and factors influencing them are discussed. Corrosion control and monitoring methods are illustrated. Corrosion management plays vital role in the solving of corrosion problems. The results are summarized in new book of the author “Corrosion Problems and Solutions in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry” published by Springer in 2016.

A scanning electron microscopic study on dissolving process of cholesterol gallstones by chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
T. Kanetaka ◽  
M. Cho ◽  
S. Kawamura ◽  
T. Sado ◽  
K. Hara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Acceleration Voltage ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors have investigated the dissolution process of human cholesterol gallstones using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). This study was carried out by comparing control gallstones incubated in beagle bile with gallstones obtained from patients who were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA).The cholesterol gallstones for this study were obtained from 14 patients. Three control patients were treated without CDCA and eleven patients were treated with CDCA 300-600 mg/day for periods ranging from four to twenty five months. It was confirmed through chemical analysis that these gallstones contained more than 80% cholesterol in both the outer surface and the core.The specimen were obtained from the outer surface and the core of the gallstones. Each specimen was attached to alminum sheet and coated with carbon to 100Å thickness. The SEM observation was made by Hitachi S-550 with 20 kV acceleration voltage and with 60-20, 000X magnification.

Microstructural comparison of synthetic bioceramics with natural bioceramics

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Shulin Wen ◽  
Jingwei Feng ◽  
A. Krajewski ◽  
A. Ravaglioli
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Laboratory Furnace ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Synthetic Work

Hydroxyapatite bioceramics has attracted many material scientists as it is the main constituent of the bone and the teeth in human body. The synthesis of the bioceramics has been performed for years. Nowadays, the synthetic work is not only focused on the hydroapatite but also on the fluorapatite and chlorapatite bioceramics since later materials have also biological compatibility with human tissues; and they may also be very promising for clinic purpose. However, in comparison of the synthetic bioceramics with natural one on microstructure, a great differences were observed according to our previous results. We have investigated these differences further in this work since they are very important to appraise the synthetic bioceramics for their clinic application.The synthetic hydroxyapatite and chlorapatite were prepared according to A. Krajewski and A. Ravaglioli and their recent work. The briquettes from different hydroxyapatite or chlorapatite powders were fired in a laboratory furnace at the temperature of 900-1300°C. The samples of human enamel selected for the comparison with synthetic bioceramics were from Chinese adult teeth.

A SEM and Light Microscope Study of the Epidermal Leaf Structures of the Carnivorous Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
J. F. Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Inner Surface

Tissue from the hood and sarcophagus regions were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in 1 M.cacodylate buffer and washed in buffer. Tissue for SEM was partially dried, attached to aluminium targets with silver conducting paint, carbon-gold coated(100-500Å), and examined in a Kent Cambridge Stereoscan S4. Tissue for the light microscope was post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone (4°C), embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at ½u on a Sorvall MT 2 ultramicrotome. Cross and longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS, 0.5% toluidine blue and 1% azure II-methylene blue. Measurements were made from both SEM and Light micrographs.The tissue had two structurally distinct surfaces, an outer surface with small (225-500 µ) pubescent hairs (12/mm2), numerous stoma (77/mm2), and nectar glands(8/mm2); and an inner surface with large (784-1000 µ)stiff hairs(4/mm2), fewer stoma (46/mm2) and larger, more complex glands(16/mm2), presumably of a digestive nature.

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