Development of Communicative Competencies During Integrated Analysis and Synthesis of a Text

Text is the main tool for designing and managing the learning and education processes. The communicative competencies of the individual are an important component of students' activities including working with documents, the ability to conduct interpersonal and social dialogue, and speak publicly. There is a theory that it is possible to develop a student's personal competence effectively through the integration of academic disciplines which in turn necessitates methods selected by the authors. The purpose of this study is to develop a project-based pedagogical technology that involves complex analytical and synthetic work with the text (CASWT) and contributes to the development of students' communicative competencies. In the course of this study methods of empirical and qualitative observation, analysis and synthesis were used. The practice of combining independent work with text and self-control using subject-specific thematic tests in the Moodle learning environment has been empirically researched. The content of the gained knowledge, faculties, skills, and activities of students after completing project tasks for working with text and communications, which ensure general and special (professional, subject) competencies of applicants for various specialties in compliance with the standards of higher education of Ukraine, is studied. The results of the study are developed graph-diagram which describes logical connections between the main text subjects, observation, analysis and evaluation of the results of work during several years, which allow increasing the quality of performance of the students and their psychological confidence, persuasiveness during studying other disciplines in next years of study.

Isoselenocyanates: Synthesis and Their Use for Preparing Selenium-Based Heterocycles

Isoselenocyanates (ISCs) are a class of organoselenium compounds that have been recognized as potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer(s) and infectious diseases. ISC compounds are chemically analogous to their isosteric relatives, isothiocyanates (ITCs); however, they possess increased biological activity, such as enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells. ISCs not only serve as significant products, but also as precursors and essential intermediates for a variety of organoselenium compounds, such as selenium-containing heterocycles, which are biologically active. While syntheses of ISCs have become less difficult to accomplish, the syntheses of selenium-containing heterocycles are often difficult due to the use of highly toxic selenium reagents. Because of this, ISCs can serve as versatile reagents for the preparation of these heterocycles. In this review, the classical and recent syntheses of ISCs will be discussed, along with notable and recent synthetic work employing ISCs to access novel selenium-containing heterocycles.1 Introduction1.1 Selenium and Health2 Isoselenocyanates2.1 Preparation of Isoselenocyanates3 Selenium-Containing Heterocycles3.1 Notable Synthetic Work3.2 Recent Synthetic Work3.2.1 Synthesis of N-(3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3H-selenazol-2-ylidene)benzamide­ Derivatives3.2.2 Synthesis and X-ray Studies of Diverse Selenourea Derivatives3.2.3 Synthesis of Heteroarene-Fused [1,2,4]Thiadiazoles/Selenadiazoles via Iodine-Promoted [3+2] Oxidative Cyclization3.2.4 2-Amino-1,3-selenazole Derivatives via Base-Promoted Multicomponent Reactions4 Conclusion

Physico-chemical factors conditioning the electronic conduction of conductive polymers

The driving idea and the main objective of this synthetic work is the study of physicochemical factors such as the dielectric constant of the solvent, the polarizability of the chains and the Gap energy of the conductive polymers, these characteristics condition their properties. electrical and electrochemical. We focused our study on polyaniline, two synthetic methods are presented: chemical polymerization and electropolymerization with emphasis on the theoretical aspects of the phenomena involved as well as on the electrochemical methods used such as cyclic voltammetry. We have therefore developed with maximum clarity the links existing between the physico-chemical properties of polyaniline and its electrical conductivity.

Stereoselective total synthesis of (±)-vindeburnol and (±)-16-epi-vindeburnol

A concise stereoselective total synthesis of (±)-vindeburnol and its epimer (±)-16-epi-vindeburnol is presented. This synthetic work features the utilization of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to install different types of lactone substrate, and...

PAVEL FLORENSKY’S CONCEPT OF THE ICON

This article is an analysis of the concept of the icon as seen by Pavel Florensky, a priest, philosopher of religion, and theologian. He expressed his views on the art of icon painting in the articles The Church Ritual as a Synthesis of the Arts, Devotional Icons of St. Sergius of Radonezh, and Reverse Perspective, as well as his work Iconostasis. Florensky’s theory is of great interest for art history, contributing to it not only by highly evaluating Russian icons of the 14th and 15th centuries but also by offering a new approach to realism in art. Yet as his concept is complex, it is also controversial. Viewing the icon as a work of art and following Plato’s philosophy, Florensky believes the objective reality of the Realm of Ideas to be the basis of artistic creativity in general and icon painting in particular. According to him, the creation of art is not an artist’s subjective search for the ways of self-expression but the result of the soul’s ascent to the truth, the world of prototypes. The icon reflects divine reality and is thus realistic in nature. Highly evaluating the icon painting in the 14–15 century Russia, he believes Andrei Rublev’s Holy Trinity to be an art masterpiece. However, developing his concept, Florensky discards the term “image”: for him, the icon is merely a symbol pointing to the prototype. The artistic image is born in the artist’s soul and exists independently from the icon, and can then be born in the soul of the beholder, who is guided to the prototype by the symbol. This is how the icon, as a result of artistic creation, is reproduced in the person viewing it. Florensky underlines the importance of aesthetics in assessing an icon, for a work’s artistic perfection is inseparable from its ability to testify to the prototype, and beauty is measured with the truthfulness of this testimony. Yet by acknowledging the fact that all icons created according to the canon are of the same value, he renounces the artistic criterion and makes the masterpieces of icon painting equal to many other artworks of average quality. For Florensky, the icon is an integral part of a synthetic work of art – the church ritual – and its existence as an art phenomenon is dependent on certain conditions: if these are not met, it “dies” as art.

Topographic views in German broadsheets of the 17th century: “Portrait of the city” and the verisimilitude of Baroque

Статья посвящена особому подвиду немецких летучих листков XVII века с изображением городов. Включение подобных произведений в общепринятое понятие летучего листка требует убедительных доказательств, так как город является также объектом топографической гравюры. Однако анализ особенностей таких летучих видов позволяет воспринимать их как синтетическое произведение барокко, которое с помощью различных методов превращало топографическое изображение города в своеобразный портрет, узнаваемый из-за своей характерности. Таким образом, подобные портреты городов становились частью массовой культуры, являлись не только проявлением обобщенного интереса Нового времени к окружающему миру, но и выступали как развлекательная, возможно, даже туристическая продукция, создатели которой неизменно следовали барочным правилам правдоподобия. Одним из самых удачных для изучения примеров может служить издательство Пауля Фюрста в Нюрнберге, которое специализировалось на создании высококачественных летучих листков, привлекая к работе профессиональных граверов и поэтов. Из издательства Фюрста вышло значительное число летучих листков с изображением европейских городов, которые базировались на современных топографических гравюрах. The article is concerned to a special subspecies of German broadsheets of 17th century which were depicting cities. The inclusion of such works in the generally accepted concept of a broadsheet requires convincing evidence, because the city is also an object of topographic views. However, an analysis of the characteristics of such this subspecie of German broadsheets allows us to perceive them as a synthetic work of Baroque, which, using various methods, turned the topographic view of the city into a kind of portrait, recognizable because of its specificity. Thus, such portraits of cities became part of popular culture, they were not only a manifestation of the generalized interest of the Modern era to the world, but also was kind of entertainment, perhaps even a tourist product, and the creators of it invariably followed the rules of Baroque verisimilitude. One of the most successful cases for studying concrete examples is the publishing house of Paul Furst in Nuremberg, which specialized in creating high-quality broadsheets, involving professional engravers and poets in his work. A significant number of Fursts broadsheets which were depicting European cities were based on modern topographic views.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potencies of N-Substituted Iminothiazodin-4-One Derivatives

The biggest and most multifaceted class of organic compounds includes heterocyclic compounds. Currently, several heterocyclic compounds are identified, and persistently gratefulness to tremendous synthetic work and synthetic usefulness, the number is increasing exponentially. In most fields of science, including medicinal, pharmaceutical, and agro-chemistry, heterocyclic compounds have a function, and biochemistry is also another area. In this research article, the green approach is administered for achieving the nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur centered five-membered heterocyclic derivatives. By taking the whole thing into account of hetero-chemistry, the moderately effective analog for gram-positive and gram-negative strains was shown for the five-membered heterocyclic compound series of N-substituted iminothiazodine-4-one and N-(benzylideneamino)thiazol-4(5H). The compound 6b showed very much active potency in accordance with the type standard drug the 6c compound against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria compared to the standard drugs and 6b indicated very active potency against the gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain. The 5a and 6a compounds showed very strong activity against the fungal strain of Candida albicans and 6b or 6c were more active and highly potent than the standard drugs against Aspergillus niger species. In the view of this research, drive states that all the synthesized compounds might be used for the development for further heterocyclic entities.

On the Specificity of the Use of Eastern Asian Written Sources on the History of the Khitan and Their States (10th – 13th Centuries)

The article focuses on the need to consider classical medieval texts not only as sources of historical information, but also as author's works subject to a certain methodology and using a variety of historiographical technologies and ideological schemes. The specific subject of the study is the two main sources on the history of the Eastern and Western Khitans (“Khitan Guo Chi” / “History of the Khitan state” and “Liao Shi” / “History of the [dynasty] Liao”), who created the largest state structures in the pre-Mongol period. “Khian Guo Zhi” is more of a history of the Khitan ethnos, whereas “Liao Shi” is a history of the dynasty, i.e., of the state construction. As a result, we have the maximum possible penetration in those days into the two most important topics-the people as a geopolitical actor and the state as a civilizational-state structure. Their authors carried out impressive synthetic work to prove certain postulates. These are, strictly speaking, not scientific approaches, but ideological, existing, moreover, often in the form of Philistine fabrications. These sources raise a particularly significant problem of the origin of the Khitan, their dynasty, civilizational affiliation of the Khitan, the Khitan determination of the place in a nomadic world, the specifics of socio-economic and social system of the state of Liao, Khitan influence on the social development of the far East and East Asian regions. In them, the Chinese civilizational paradigm was applied to the fullest extent possible, the essential worldview settings of classical Chinese historiography are traced: Sino-centrism, sedentary centrism, Han-fan dichotomies and culture – nature. As a result, these works had a significant impact on the development of the two most common approaches to studying the history of Khitan, which are considered as classical barbarians who constantly attacked China and for this purpose created their own quasi-state, but under the influence of Chinese civilization “grew” to the level of the traditional dynasty.

Wiersz o jesieni. O Frantzu François Ozona

Kozłowski Krzysztof, Wiersz o jesieni. O Frantzu François Ozona [A Poem on Autumn. Frantz by François Ozon]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 32. Poznań 2019, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 77–92. ISSN 1644-6763. DOI 10.14746/pt.2019.32.3. The film Broken Lullaby ([1932] Ernst Lubitsch) and the novel L’Homme que j’ai tué ([1921, 1925, 1930] Maurice Rostand) are seen to be the main inspirations for Frantz (2016) by François Ozon. On the basis of methodology broadly understood as the concept of bringing into relief (Domański, 1992, 2002), this article aims to demonstrate the means by which the French director expanded upon the literary-film material, imbuing it with a totally singular meaning. Ozon’s inventiveness did notlimit itself to transformations typical for adaptations, but ventured towards feature film understood as a synthetic work of art that by exploiting the audiovisual properties of the medium itself, acts as a unifying force of poetry (Verlaine, Banville), music (Chopin, Debussy) and painting (Manet). The famous poem recited by the heroine, Ann, Chanson d’automne (Paul Verlaine), serves as the analytical starting point for the above. It is thus used as a pivot for the entire film, a veritable lodestarfor guiding motifs, allowing important aspects of the film to be highlighted and consequently, bring its main theme to the fore.